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Science
Quarter 3, Week 5 - Module 4
Factors That Affect Climate

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 What I Know (Pre-test)

Multiple Choice. Choice the letter of the correct answer and write your answer on your
notebook.

_____ 1. What is known as the weather condition over a long period of time?
A. Elevation C. Climate
B. Precipitation D. Temperature
_____ 2. Wind can be described as ________.
A. Moving water C. moving clouds
B. Moving air D. Moving light
_____ 3. What is the difference between weather andclimate?
A. Climate deals with a longer time period than a weather.
B. Weather describes wind direction and climate doesn’t.
C. Climate describes wind direction and weather doesn’t.
D. Climate deals with a shorter time of period than a weather.
_____ 4. Climate is the average weather condition recorded over a span of___.
A. months B. years C. weeks D. days
_____5. Climate and weather are different concepts, though they are related. How are the
concepts of weather and climate differ?
A. Weather refers to conditions nearer the ground than climate.
B. Climate is related to the amount of sunlight, weather is not;
C. Weather condition includes precipitation, but climate does not.
D. Climate covers larger areas at alonger times while weather covers
small areas at a shorter time.
_____ 6. What is the relationship between elevation and climate?
A. The higher the elevation, the colder the climate
B. The lower the elevation, the colder the climate
C. The higher the elevation, the warmer the climate
D. There is no relationship between elevation and climate
____ 7. Why do places at the same latitude but different altitudes have different climate?
A. Amount of heat received varies. C. Higher altitudes have lower temperature.
B. Amount of precipitation differs. D. Higher altitudes have higher temperature.
___ 8. Which of the following decreases as elevation increases?
A. Cloud B. Latitude C. precipitation D. Temperature
___ 9. What happens to the temperature of air when altitude increases?
A. It remains the sameB. Itincreases C. ItdecreasesD.It varies
___10. Why are the coldest places on earth found at the poles?
A. Great amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface.
B. Great amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas.
C. Less amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas.
D. Less amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface.
___11. What will happen when the rates of evaporation and condensation are equal?
A. Clouds form. . C. The humidity
B. The dew point is reached increases. D. Precipitation occurs.
___12. Why do mountain climbers bring thick jackets when they go up the mountain?
A. The temperature increases as the altitude increases.
B. The temperature decreases as the altitude increases.
C. The altitude increases as the temperature increases.
D. The altitude decreases as the temperature increases
___13. What is the relationship between elevation and climate?
A. The higher the elevation, the colder the climate.
B. The lower the elevation, the colder the climate.
C. The higher the elevation, the warmer the climate.
D. There is no relationship between elevation and climate
____14. City A is surrounded by bodies of water and has a moderateclimate . It is located near
the equator. What will most likely affect the climate of the city?
A. latitude C. topography
B. altitude D. all of these
_____15. What is the primary cause of ocean surface currents?
A. Ships B. Rain C. Wind D. Migrating fish

Lesson
Weather and Climate
1
 What I Need to Know
At the end of the lesson, you will learn to
1. define weather and climate
2. identify the elements that affect weather and climate.
3.differentiateweather from climate.

What’s In

Our environment is composed of land, water, and air. Air is found in the
atmosphere. The ever-changing conditions of the atmosphere explain theimportance of
weather and climate in our lives. Recall the layers of the atmosphere before knowing the
elements of atmosphere that affect weather and climate. Do the following activity.

Activity 1. Atmosphere
Unscramble the words below which are related to the atmosphere. Write your
answer in the blank.
WORD BOX

ATMOSPHERE MESOSPHERE TROSPOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE

CLIMATE PRESSURE STRATOSPHERE EXOSPHERE
WEATHER TEMPERATURE

1.rsoepthAem _____________ 6. treepTmeuar ______________

2. rerhTspeoo _____________ 7. heSrratespot ______________
3. tmiClea _____________ 8.rserePus ______________
4. aWerteh _____________ 9.ehpermTesohr ______________
5. prEehoxes _____________ 10.pMhsesreoe ______________
To answer item numbers 11-20, refer to the above activity. CHOOSE your
answers
from the words previously formed:
11.__________________ Mixture of gases that surrounds our home planet.
12. __________________ Measures how heavy the air is over a unit of area.
13. __________________ Measures how hot or cold the air
14. __________________ Average weather pattern
15. __________________ Present atmospheric condition of a place
16. __________________ Lowest layer of the atmosphere
17. __________________ Upper limit of the atmosphere
18. __________________ Meteors burn up in this layer
19. __________________ Ozone layer is found
20. _________________ Auroras or satellites occur in this layer

Earth’s atmosphere is made up of several gases, small amounts of water vapor, ozone,
dust, which play key roles in the production of weather and climate.Most changes
inweather happen in the lowest part of earth’s atmosphere, the troposphere.
You are now ready to learn more on weather and climate.

Activity 2. What’s the Weather Like

Arianne and Jack are going on a holiday and need to know the weather. Help them complete the
word with the missing letters in each box. Then, draw and color the weather suggested in the
box.
#1 # 2 #3 #4
 W_ _ ND__ _ __A_ __ y

#5 #6 #7 #8

S__ N__ Y P_R_ _Y S _NN _ P_RTL_ C_OU_ _

TH_N_ _RST_ _MS
__TO __ MY WEATHER LISTS
CLOUDY PARTLY SUNNY SUNNY STORMY THUNDERSTORM
SUNNY PARTLY CLOUDY RAINY WINDY

Basically, weather
describes the condition in
the atmosphere any time
of the day. Today maybe warm and sunny, tomorrow maybe cool and rainy.Whereas,the
weather over a long period of time in a specific area is known climate.
Did you get the right answer?

Whats New

The weather condition is affected by the different elements that changethe

atmosphere. It refers to the clouds, wind, temperature, pressure, humidity, precipitation,
sunshine, and visibility. Climate and weather are different concepts, though they are
related.
Do the following activity to identify the elements that affect weather and climate.

Activity 3: Weather and Climate

On this activity, you are goingto identify the element that affects weather and
climate.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M
10 13 7 26 22 1 6 20 12 14 19 5 15

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
3 23 24 11 18 21 9 4 16 17 8 25 2

Hint: Use the given numbers to represent the words below

1)Example
CL O U D S
7 5 23 4 26 21

2) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

17 12 3 26 25

3) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

20 4 15 12 26 12 9 25
4) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
9 22 15 24 22 18 10 9 4 18 22

5) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
10 12 18 24 18 22 21 21 4 18 22

6) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

21 4 3 21 20 12 3 22

7) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
__
24 18 22 7 12 24 12 9 10 9 12 13
3

8) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __

16 12 21 12 13 12 5 12 9 25

These are thedifferent elements of weather that interactwith each other to create
the weather events.
The next activity will show the difference between weather and climate.

Activity 4: Weather weatherlang

To understand the differences between weather and climate, do this activity. The
terms found inside the word may describe climate and weather. Place the term that fall
under weather and climate respectively. If the term can describe both weather and
climate, PUT it at the center of the Venn diagram.

VENN DIAGRAM
WEATHER CLIMATE

Both
 WORD BOX

Predictable Unpredictable Average Climatology

Metereology Precipitation Temperature Rainfall

Humidity Wind Direction/Speed Clouds

Pressure Evaporation Daily Short term

Long term Seasons yearly observed over time

What Is It
Take a look outside your window, is it rainy or sunny? is it cloudy or
hot? When you look out the window, you’re seeing what is the weather today.
Climate, on the other hand, is more than just warm or cool days. Climate describes the
typical weather conditions in an entire region for a very long time. The following are
elements of the atmosphere that might affect weather and climate:

1. Air temperature is the measure on how hot or cold the air is. At high
temperature, the molecules in the air move faster and water evaporates faster.
2. Air pressure is the measure on how heavy the air is over a unit of area. With
higher air pressure, the weight of air above us becomes heavier. This indicates fair
weather. With lower pressure, the air molecules moves toward the atmosphere, this
signal a stormy weather.
3. Amount and type of precipitation forms of droplets of water (drizzle, shower,
downpour) or solidified water (snow, ice and hail).It is the condensation of water vapor
and its deposition on the earth’s surface.
4. Wind speed and direction. Wind is the uneven distribution of temperature and
pressure in the atmosphere. Air moves from an area of high pressure to that of alow
pressure. Wind that blows over bodies of water are cooler and moist, while wind that
travels over landmasses is warmer and dry.
5. Types of cloud. With very warm air temperature, water vapor condenses to
form clouds. The more evaporation takes place, the more saturated the clouds will
become and form rain clouds.
6. The amount of water vapor in the air is known as humidity. Dry air has low
humidity, while moist air has high humidity.

The presence of sunshine and the visibility you observe can tell the present
condition of weather. Being able to predict, or forecast the weather is indeed important. If
you know what kind of weather you will likely experience, you can prepare for it. If you
know that bad weather is coming, you can keep out of danger. Weather is the current
condition for a shorter period of time while climate is the condition for a longer period of
time. Why do we need to study climate?

What’s More
 Philippine climate is generally hot and quite humid. The patterns of weather
during a specific part of the year affect the formation of seasons. Philippines experiences
three seasons, a hot dry summer, wet season and cooler and dry season. Below is the
figure of types of climate in the Philippines. To further study the climate in the
Philippines, answer the following questions on the Activity:

Activity 5: Knowing Me, Knowing You.

A. Answer the following questions based on the given map.
1. What is the type of climate along Cagayan, Palawan and Davao?
_______________;. _______________; _____________
1. Which part of the Philippines is frequently affected by rainfall
throughout the year? _____________________

B. Identify the type of climate of the following places:

1. CARAGA Region _________ 2. Leyte ________
3. Lanao del Norte ________ 4. Ilocos Sur ________

What I Have Learned

Activity 6: Long Term or Short Term
 Direction: EXAMINE the pictures below. Write X under the column of Climate if it shows
climate, (a long – term atmospheric condition of a certain area. And write ⁄under the
column Weather if it describes weather( a short term of atmospheric condition of a
certain area ( typically within a week or less). Write your reason/s why in the column
Reason/s.

Table 1
Picture CLIMATE WEATHE Reason/s
R

1. A windy weekend

2. Dark cloudy sky yesterday.

3. Thunderstorms during afternoon

4. Rainy days during the month of May

to July

5. El Niňo
6. Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

7. La Niňa

8. Rain Forest

9. Sahara Desert (Nortern Africa)

Guide Questions:

1. What is Climate? _____________________________________________

2. What is Weather? ___________________________________________
3. The difference between climate and weather is that, Climate is the weather
patterns of a place over a _______ period of time while weather is the condition of
the atmosphere over a ____ period of time.

What I Can Do
 Direction: Make a poem about weather. Follow the suggested steps below;

Title: “My Weather Poem”

First line: Give at least four types of weather.

Second line: Three “ing” words you do during summer time.

Third line: Two adjectives that describe weather and climate.

Fourth line: Ask one question about weather and climate.

Last line: Two importance why you need to studyweather and climate.

Lesson Factors affecting

2 Climate of an Area
What I Need to Know

In this lesson you will be able to name the factors that affect the climate of a place
and explain how each factor affects the climate. Also, you will be able to determine what
is the impact of climate on people’s life.
 What’s In

In Grade 7, you had learned that the earth’s axis was not perpendicular to the
plane of its orbit. The shape of the earth resulted in the uneven heating of the earth’s
surface. The equator received much of the radiant energy released by the sun.So,
places near the equator had warm climate. The areas closer to the poles received less
amount of heat because the angle of sunlight become smaller.
In activity 1, you will be acquainted on the terms that we will be studying in this
lesson.

Activity 1.Crossword Puzzle

Complete the crossword puzzle by answering the questions below. Thenfind your
answers at the given word boxbelow.

Across Down

2. Dry air with less precipitation 1. force exerted by gas molecules

3. water carries warm or coldwater
6. average atmospheric condition of a place
7. physical features of land
8. moisture content of the atmosphere
South pole
10.horizontal lines that separateEast from West
12.present atmospheric condition of a place
4. height of something above sea
level
5. hotness or coldness of atmosphere
9. receives more precipitation
11. lines halfway between North and
 Now, you have learned and got acquainted with the different terminologies that
you will encounter as you continue to learn this lesson.
In the next activity, you will find out the role of Latitude in varying the climate of
different places.

What’s New
Activity 2:When the Sun’s Rays come
Objective: At the end of the activity, the learner is expected to:
1. Defines Latitude,
2. Explains how latitude affects climate. .
Procedure: Study the illustration on figure 2.
Figure 2. The Latitude

LATITUDE
Latitude means how far north or south of the equator a place is located.
Based on latitude, the climates of the world are classified into three types. They are
 the polar climate or frigid zone (at the North and South Poles),
 the temperate climateor Temperate zone (found in the areas away
from the equator) and
 the tropical climate or Torrid zone (at the equatorial belt where
Answer the following:
1. How much is the tilt of the earth’s axis? ________ (66.50 , 23.50 ).
2. Which part of the earth receives most of the sun’s rays? ______________
3. Why does the amount of heat receive by places far from the equator become less?
___________________
4. Why are the coldest places on earth found near the poles? __________
5. Why are places with high temperature found at the equator? __________
 6. How does latitude affect climate? _______________

You noticed that as Earth is tilted on its axis an angle of 23.5 0. As the sun’s rays strikes
different part of the Earth receive different amount of solar radiation. Thus, the climate of a place
also affects the distance from the equator. At the poles, since energy from the sun reaches
Earth’s surface at lower angle and travels through a thicker layer of the atmosphere than at the
equator, it is expected that the climate is cooler.

Next activity, you will learn how ocean Currents/ bodies of water affects climate of an
area.

Activity 3Hot or Cold?

Objectives : At the end of the activity, the learner is expected to:

1. Compares the climate of the places near and far from bodies of
Water,
2. Explains how ocean currents/bodies of water affects climate.

Ocean Currents/Bodies of Water

The nearness of a region to the sea also affects its climate. The main patterns of ocean
current result from the earth's rotation and the gravitational attraction among the earth, moon and
sun.
An ocean current is part of the ocean in which the water flows in a definite direction.
Some of these currents are caused by wind moving over the ocean surface. Some currents are
warm-water currents. Other currents are cold-water currents because they flow from the poles
toward the equator, thus making the bodies of water in this area cooler.
Figure 3. Ocean Currents of the World

Source: Science Learner’s Module 9.Department of Education. 5th Floor Mabini Bldg., DepEd
Complex, Meralco Avenue Pasig City. Philippines 1600. 2014.

Figure 3 shows different loops or gyres of surface currents around the world. In the
northern part of the earth called the northern hemisphere, the current flows in a clockwise
direction. On the other hand, in the southern part called the southern hemisphere, the current
flows in counter clockwise direction. These clockwise and counter clockwise of ocean currents
are caused by the Coriolis Effect. Ocean currents that flow away from the equator carries warm
water. The air above the warm water has higher temperature.
When ocean currents that bring cold water move towards a coastal region, the
temperature of that area decreases as warmer air from the land flows to the sea resulting in a
cold climate. When warm ocean currents that take along warm water go to a land mass, the
temperature of that place increases as warmer air above the water flows inland, resulting in a
warm climate.
Answer the following questions:

1. What is ocean current?

 2. What are the different ocean currents that carry warm water? Give at least three
Examples: _______________; __________________;
______________.
3. What are the different ocean currents that carry cold water? Give at least three
Examples: ________________; _________________;
______________.
4. How does ocean current affects climate? _____________________________

Now, you have learned that distance from the ocean/sea is another factor that affects
climate.
The amount of water vapor present in the air of our surroundings (is known as humidity)
increases as the temperature also increases. And since water vapor produced through heat from
the sun, we will be expecting that water vapor is having high temperature. And if this vapor stays
in in the surroundings it will make us uncomfortable and warm.
It’s time for you to explore more factors that influence climate.

What Is It
Altitude

Altitude refers to the height above sea level.

Areas that are high elevations have lower average
temperature than areas at lowlands. The land part of
the earth consists generally of mountains and
lowlands.
Temperatures in mountainous regions are
much lower than those in lowlands. Why? When a
warm and moist air mass rise up the side of a mountain
from the lowlands, it is lifted to heights where it cools.
Cooling of warm air causes its water vapor to
condense. Thus, the air on the side of the mountain is
dry and cool. The cool air moves down the valley as a
mountain breeze.
Altitude of a place and its nearness to the sea
affect climate.
Do activity 4 to understand more altitude.

Activity 4:I am High and Cold

Objectives : At the end of the activity, the learner is expected to:
1. definesaltitude,
2. identifies some warm and cold places in the Philippines,
3.describes how altitude affects the climate of the place.

Procedure: Study the table 4 below.

Here are the low and high temperatures of some places in the Philippines.Locate the
warmest and coldest places in the table. Determine what affects the regional temperature for
each city. Record your findings. Then answer the following questions.
Table 4
Name of Altitude Annual
Place (Elevation Average
above sea Temperature
level) (0C)
(m)
Bacolod 10 27.5
Baguio 1457 16
Laoag 20 27.3
Manila 10 28
Tacloban 20 29.4
Cagayan de 9.7 30.0
Oro
Zamboanga 30 27.6
Bukidnon 915 24
Tagaytay 640 22.7
Davao de Oro 13 27

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What is altitude? ____________
2. What are the 3 places having the lowest
temperature? ____________
3. What 3 places having the highest
altitude? ____________
4. Why do you think that in your answer in
number 2 have the lowest temperature?
_______________________________
5. What factor do you think is the cause of
low temperature in the place? ______6.
Based on the data, what is the relationship
between altitude and temperature of a
place? __________
Sources:https://ph.search.yahoo.com/yhs/
search;_ylt=Awrxguq5YC1fVTIA9g3fSQx.;_ylc=X1MDMjExNDczNDU1OQRfcgMyBGZyA3locy1pYmEtMQRncHJpZANVbVFrWjVYTVJVYUNIaGk0VjRTa05BBG5fcnNsdAMwBG5fc3VnZ
wMwBG9yaWdpbgNwaC5zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tBHBvcwMwBHBxc3RyAwRwcXN0cmwDMARxc3RybAMzMQRxdWVyeQNNYXJhd2klMjBDaXR5JTIwYXZlcmFnZSUyMHRlbXBlc
mF0dXJlBHRfc3RtcAMxNTk2ODA5NDgy?p=Marawi+City+average+temperature&fr2=sb-top&hspart=iba&hsimp=yhs-1

You observe that one of the topographic features of an area is a mountain. Mountainous
areas greatly affect the amount of precipitation in a certain region. The area in which the wind
blows is called the windward side. Here, the wind is blocked by the mountain, forcing it to move
upward. As it moves, the water vapor condenses and forms clouds. This result in precipitation on
the windward side. The air moves down towards the opposite region called leeward side. The
cold air mass starts to absorb heat and becomes warm and dry. As a result, the area near the
leeward side becomes dry and has less precipitation. The dry region on the leeward side is
called rainshadow. Vegetation in this region includes desert plants and grassland.
Rain shadow is seldom found here in the Philippines because our country is surrounded
by bodies of water. Another reason is that the Philippines has two local wind systems such as
Amihan and Habagat. These local winds bring precipitation in every part of the Philippines.
Therefore, altitude is one of the factors affects climate of the place.

What’s More
Wind patterns over the earth are caused by the unequal heating of the earth's surface,
plus the rotation of the earth. If the earth is not rotating, warm air from the equatorial region will
move directly toward the North and South Poles. Since the earth is rotating from west to east, the
winds are deflected westward. This shift in global wind direction due to the earth's rotation is
called Coriolis Effect.
Study figure below. Answer the questions that follows.
Questions:
1. How does the Earth's rotation affect the wind
direction? ____________________
2. How does it affects the climate?
_______________________________

And lastly, the amount of rain is another

factor affects climate.
Let’s learn about it!

Activity 6: Amount of Rainfall

Amount of rainfall means the frequency and amount of precipitation of a place.

Different parts of the Philippines have different amounts of rainfall during the year. The
amount of rainfall is used to describe the climate in the region

Tropical regions which are generally hot and wet have high temperature and rainfall. The
differences in surface temperatures in the tropics create a very wet and humid atmosphere.
Questions: 2. How do you think will the amount
1. What does the graph tell you of rainfall affect the climate in
about the amount of rainfall in these places?
different places in the
Philippines? ___________ ___________________

What Is It
Different parts of the world have different climates. The main features that affect climate
are the temperature and the amount of rainfall. They generally determine the kinds of plant and
animal species that grow in certain places.

HOT CLIMATE. The region between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn is called
the tropics. The climate within this regions just to the north and south of the tropics is
called subtropical. The warmth and plentiful rainfall in these regions which include the
Philippines, Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries is beneficial to the plants
that grow well in this climate such as trees, palms, bananas, rice, corn and other
vegetation.
The savannah is the region of tropical grassland which is found in the African
forests. The Sahara Desert is the world's largest desert. It is covered with sand
dunes. The lack of rainfall does not allow vegetation to thrive well in this desert.

TEMPERATE CLIMATE. The cold temperate regions of the world are occupied by large and
dense forests such as those found in North America, Europe and parts of Asia. Most
plant species are hardwoods like oak, elm and beech, evergreen plants like fir and
conifers, and fruits like grapes, peaches and persimmon. Animals that thrive well in
temperate climates are foxes, squirrels and bears.

COLD CLIMATE. The coldest climates are in the Arctic close to the North Pole and in the
Antarctic close to the South Pole. These regions have a polar climate which are very
cold. During winter, the ground is permanently covered with snow and the
temperature can go down to 50 degree Celsius, nothing can grow in this kind of
weather.
Polar bears, penguins and seals can live in cold climates because of their thick fur
and a layer of fat under their skin.
The influence of climate on the lifestyles and activities of people in the world is very
observable.
1. Houses in cold countries use of heating system during winter. In warm countries, the
homes are provided with a cooling system used for almost throughout the year.
2. Differences in clothing,people in cold countries walk the streets with thick clothes like
wool, leather and fur coats, the people in the tropics walk the streets with thin clothes like
cotton and polyester.
3. Some games can only be played in certain places. For example, in the Philippines, it
does not snow, so it will be impossible for us to engage in winter sports such as cross-
country skiing or outdoor ice-skating.

Activity 7: The Impact of Climate on People’s Life

1. What do people living in hot countries wear? ______

2. What do people living in very cold countries wear? ______
3. Is the kind of climate also affects the kind of house they live in? How?
4. Where do most people choose to live? Why? ________________

What I Have Learned

Direction: Fill in the blanks. Choose word or words that answer question in the word box.
A. As the sun’s rays strike different parts of the Earth, these places receive different
amount of solar radiation due toit’s ____1_______ shape and tilted at ___2___0. Thus,
the climate of a place also affects the distance from the ___3______ to its poles.

B. Identify what factor affects the climate of the place.

___________________4. refers to the height above sea level.

___________________5. Wind patterns over the earth are caused by the unequal
heating of the earth's surface, plus the rotation of the earth.
___________________6. is part of the ocean in which the water flows in a definite
direction
___________________7. means how far north or south of the equator acertain place
is located.
___________________8. means the frequency and amount of precipitation of a place.

WORD BOX
Amount of rainfall altitude Wind system
23.50 spherical shape Ocean current
 C. True or False.
______________9. The lifestyle and activities of the people in the world areaffected by
the climate of its place.
_____________10. House in cold countries is using cooling system throughout the
year.
_____________11. People in tropics walk the street with thin clothes like cotton and
polyester.
_____________12. Games are also played based on the climate of the place.
_____________13. Plants that grow in the place vary from place to place due to
different climates.

What I Can Do
Direction: Fill in the missing word/s in the word web.

1.
Is the average pattern of weather
over long period of time.

2._____________________ is
is affected by
the condition of atmosphere for a
short period of time

Summary

Climate-is a condition of the atmosphere over long period of time

Weather-is a condition of the atmosphere over a short period of time
Generally, the climate of the Philippines is high in temperature and humidity with abundant
rainfall.
Climatology is the study of climate and how it changes over time
Metereology is the study of atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and
forecasting.
Elements of weather and climate: temperature, pressure, humidity, wind direction/speed,
clouds formation, rainfall and precipitation.
.
Air temperature decreases when altitude increases.
 *Bodies of water help regulate the climate of a certain area.
*Mountain ranges affect the formation of precipitation.
*Ocean currents will either cool or warm the air above them.
*Cold currents bring cold water while warm currents take along warm water.
*Coriolis Effect deflects the ocean currents.
*Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the surrounding due to high temperature. When
the area is in high temperature it is relative to high humidity.

Factors that affect climate in a place:

Latitude means how far north or south of the equator a place is located.
An ocean current is part of the ocean in which the water flows in a definite direction.
Some of these currents are caused by wind moving over the ocean surface
Altitude refers to the height above sea level. Areas that are high elevations have
lower average temperature than areas at lowlands. The land part of the earth
consists generally of mountains and lowlands
Wind patterns over the earth are caused by the unequal heating of the earth's
surface, plus the rotation of the earth.
This shift in global wind direction due to the earth's rotation is called Coriolis
Effect.
Amount of Rainfallis used to describe the climate in the region.

People living near the ocean experience cooler climate than those living in inland areas,
thus people need to know that adjusting or adapting to climatic factors is essential.
Importance of knowing Philippine climate will help us wear proper clothing. For farmers
help choose plant/s the correct crop that will grow in the climate condition

Assessment: (Post-Test)
Multiple Choice. Choice the letter of the correct answer and write your answer in your
notebook.

1. What is known as the weather condition over a long period of time?

A. Elevation C. Climate
B. Precipitation D. Temperature
2. Wind can be described as ________.
A. Moving water C. moving clouds
B. Moving air D. Moving light
3. What is the difference between weather andclimate?
A. Climate deals with a longer time period than a weather.
B. Weather describes wind direction and climate doesn’t.
C. Climate describes wind direction and weather doesn’t.
D. Climate deals with a shorter time of period than a weather.
4. Climate is the average weather condition recorded over a span of___.
A. months B. years C. weeks D. days
5. Climate and weather are different concepts, though they are related. How are the
concepts of weather and climate differ?
A. Weather refers to conditions nearer the ground than climate.
B. Climate is related to the amount of sunlight, weather is not;
C. Weather condition includes precipitation, but climate does not.
 D. Climate covers larger areas at alonger times while weather covers
small areas at a shorter time.
6. What is the relationship between elevation and climate?
A. The higher the elevation, the colder the climate
B. The lower the elevation, the colder the climate
C. The higher the elevation, the warmer the climate
D. There is no relationship between elevation and climate
7. Why do places at the same latitude but different altitudes have different climate?
A. Amount of heat received varies. C. Higher altitudes have lower
temperature.
B. Amount of precipitation differs. D. Higher altitudes have higher
temperature.
8. Which of the following decreases as elevation increases?
A. Cloud B. Latitude C. precipitation D. Temperature
9. What happens to the temperature of air when altitude increases?
A. It remains the same B. It increases C. It decreases D. It varies
10. Why are the coldest places on earth found at the poles?
A. Great amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface.
B. Great amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas.
C. Less amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas.
D. Less amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface.
11. What will happen when the rates of evaporation and condensation are equal?
A. Clouds form. . C. The humidity
B. The dew point is reached increases. D. Precipitation occurs.
12. Why do mountain climbers bring thick jackets when they go up the mountain?
A. The temperature increases as the altitude increases.
B. The temperature decreases as the altitude increases.
C. The altitude increases as the temperature increases.
D. The altitude decreases as the temperature increases

13. What is the relationship between elevation and climate?

A. The higher the elevation, the colder the climate.
B. The lower the elevation, the colder the climate.
C. The higher the elevation, the warmer the climate.
D. There is no relationship between elevation and climate.
14. City A is surrounded by bodies of water and has a moderate climate. It is located near
the equator. What will most likely affect the climate of the city?
A. latitude C. topography
B. altitude D. all of these
15. What is the primary cause of ocean surface currents?
A. Ships B. Rain C. Wind D. Migrating fish
 Key to Answers
Pretest
1.C 2. B 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.D
7.D 8. D 9.C 10.C 11.D 12. B
13. A 14. D 15. C

Post- Test

1.C 2. B 3.A 4.B 5.D 6. D

7.D 8. D 9.C 10.C 11.D 12. B
13. A 14. D 15. C