‫اﻟﺤﺸﻮات او ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ اﻟﺘﺴﺮب)‪(SEAL‬‬

‫اﻋﺪاد‬
‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﺪس اﻗﺪم‬
‫ﺣﯿﺪر زﻏﯿﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫‪2008-3-2‬‬
‫ﻣﻮاﺿﯿﻊ اﻟﺪورة‬
‫‪-1‬اﻟﺤﺸﻮات واﻧﻮاﻋﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-2‬اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪-3‬اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-4‬اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﺴﺎت‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺎھﻲ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات وﻣﺎ ھﻲ اﻧﻮاﻋﮭﺎ‬

‫او ‪l‬‬‫اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ‪:‬ھﻲ ﺟﮭﺎز او ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﻲ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰء‬

‫ﻋﺪة اﺟﺰاء اﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻨﮫ ﻋﺪم ﺗﺴﺮب اﻟﻤﺎدة ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺨﺰان‬
‫او اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﺬي ﯾﺘﻢ اﻻﺟﺮاء اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﻲ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﺬي ﯾﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﺪرة وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻏﻠﺐ اﻻﺣﯿﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﺰ واﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮي‪.‬‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺤﺸﻮات‬
‫اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﺴﺎت‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺒﺎﻃﺎت)‪(MIXER‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪاﻓﻌﺎت‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
‫اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت‬
 ‫ﺧﺴﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﺴﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت‬
1 Minute Loss = 0.004 litre 1 Minute Loss = 0.26 litre
1 Minute Loss = 0.004 litre 1 Minute Loss = 0.26 litre
1 Hour Loss = 0.35 litre 1 Hour Loss = 15.6 litres
1 Hour Loss = 0.35 litre 1 Hour Loss = 15.6 litres
1 Day Loss = 8.3 litres 1 Day Loss = 374.0 litres
1 Day Loss = 8.3 litres 1 Day Loss = 374.0 litres
1 Week Loss = 58.0 litres 1 Week Loss = 2,616.0 litres
1 Week Loss = 58.0 litres 1 Week Loss = 2,616.0 litres
One Drop Per Second 1 Month Loss = 255.0 litres ø1.6 mm Stream 1 Month Loss = 11,337.0 litres
One Drop Per Second 1 Month Loss = 255.0 litres ø1.6 mm Stream 1 Month Loss = 11,337.0 litres
1 Year Loss = 3,070.0 litres 1 Year Loss = 136,045.0 litres
1 Year Loss = 3,070.0 litres 1 Year Loss = 136,045.0 litres

1 Minute Loss = 0.01 litre 1 Minute Loss = 0.81 litre

1 Minute Loss = 0.01 litre 1 Minute Loss = 0.81 litre
1 Hour Loss = 0.71 litre 1 Hour Loss = 48.75 litres
1 Hour Loss = 0.71 litre 1 Hour Loss = 48.75 litres
1 Day Loss = 17.0 litres 1 Day Loss = 1,170.0 litres
1 Day Loss = 17.0 litres 1 Day Loss = 1,170.0 litres
1 Week Loss = 118.0 litres 1 Week Loss = 8,190.0 litres
1 Week Loss = 118.0 litres 1 Week Loss = 8,190.0 litres
Two Drops Per Second 1 Month Loss = 512.0 litres ø3.2 mm Stream 1 Month Loss = 35,490.0 litres
Two Drops Per Second 1 Month Loss = 512.0 litres ø3.2 mm Stream 1 Month Loss = 35,490.0 litres
1 Year Loss = 6,144.0 litres 1 Year Loss = 425,880.0 litres
1 Year Loss = 6,144.0 litres 1 Year Loss = 425,880.0 litres

1 Minute Loss = 0.08 litre 1 Minute Loss = 1.35 litres

1 Minute Loss = 0.08 litre 1 Minute Loss = 1.35 litres
1 Hour Loss = 4.75 litres 1 Hour Loss = 81.25 litres
1 Hour Loss = 4.75 litres 1 Hour Loss = 81.25 litres
1 Day Loss = 114.0 litres 1 Day Loss = 1,950.0 litres
1 Day Loss = 114.0 litres 1 Day Loss = 1,950.0 litres
1 Week Loss = 796.0 litres 1 Week Loss = 13,650.0 litres
1 Week Loss = 796.0 litres 1 Week Loss = 13,650.0 litres
Drops Breaking to Stream 1 Month Loss = 3,450.0 litres ø4.8 mm Stream 1 Month Loss = 59,150.0 litres
Drops Breaking to Stream 1 Month Loss = 3,450.0 litres ø4.8 mm Stream 1 Month Loss = 59,150.0 litres
1 Year Loss = 41,400.0 litres 1 Year Loss = 709,800.0 litres
1 Year Loss = 41,400.0 litres 1 Year Loss = 709,800.0 litres

1 Minute Loss = 2.93 litres

1 Minute Loss = 2.93 litres
1 Hour Loss = 176.0 litres
1 Hour Loss = 176.0 litres
1 Day Loss = 4,225.0 litres
1 Day Loss = 4,225.0 litres
1 Week Loss = 29,575.0 litres
1 Week Loss = 29,575.0 litres
ø6.4 mm Stream 1 Month Loss = 128,158.0 litres
ø6.4 mm Stream 1 Month Loss = 128,158.0 litres
1 Year Loss = 1,537,900.0 litres
1 Year Loss = 1,537,900.0 litres
‫اﻧﻮاع اﻟﺤﺸﻮات‬

‫‪l‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ ‪(PACKING) 1-‬‬

‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪MECHANICAL SEAL)2-‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪-1‬اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬
 ‫‪-1‬اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺒﺎل ذات ﻣﻘﻄﻊ رﺑﺎﻋﻲ او داﺋﺮي وﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاد‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮع ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ وﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارﺗﮫ‬
‫ﻓﻤﻨﮭﺎ اﻻﺳﺒﺴﺘﻮز واﻻﻟﻤﻨﯿﻮم واﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ اﺛﯿﻠﯿﻦ او ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺮاﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﻠﻘﺎت داﺧﻞ ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺤﺸﻮات‪.‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﺗﺠﮭﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺒﺎل او ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻟﻔﺎت ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪء ﻋﻤﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت ھﻮ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﺑﯿﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت وﻋﻤﻮد‬
‫ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﺪرة واﻟﺬي ﯾﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﺪ ﻓﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮوج اﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺎرج‬
‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﺗﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﺣﺮارة ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﺣﯿﺎن ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﺮب‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﺻﻞ ﻻ ﯾﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﺠﺐ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺼﺪر ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ وھﺬا اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ھﻮ ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺪوﯾﺮ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ وھﻮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻏﻠﺐ اﻻﺣﯿﺎن وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ھﺬه اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻏﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺰﯾﺪ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت ﻋﻦ ارﺑﻌﺔ ﺣﻠﻘﺎت‬
‫ﺻﯿﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﺻﯿﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬
‫اﺳﮭﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات‬
‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻗﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ﻗﻄﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر وﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫داﺧﻞ ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺤﺸﻮات‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه اﻻﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺘﺪوﯾﺮھﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ 120‬درﺟﺔ وھﻜﺬا‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻘﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت وﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺿﺐ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﯾﺠﺐ ارﺧﺎء اﻟﺒﺮاﻏﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻠﯿﻼ ﻟﻜﻲ ﯾﺤﺪث ﺗﺴﺮﯾﺐ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪاﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت وﻟﻌﺪم ﺗﻠﻔﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻧﺔ‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك وﻛﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺮ ﺿﺔ ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺸﻮة‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ ﻓﺎن اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺸﻮة اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ ﻗﺪرة‬
‫اﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺸﻮة اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻜﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ )‪(SHAFT SLEEV‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﻓﺎن ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻜﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﺗﺰﯾﯿﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻓﻌﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ وﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﺤﺪث‬
‫ﺗﻠﻮث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ و اﯾﻈﺎ ﺧﺴﺎرة ﻓﻲ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﯾﺆدى اﻟﻰ زﯾﺎدة اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﻓﮭﻨﺎك ﺣﺪود ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺣﯿﺚ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ زادت اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﺗﺆدي اﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﺼﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﺤﺸﻮة‬
‫ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ واﻟﺨﻄﺮة ﺟﺪا‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﺋﻦ اﻟﺘﺮددﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰات ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬
‫‪ .1‬ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت اﻟﺘﺮددﯾﺔ‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺳﮭﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻠﻒ اﻟﺤﺸﻮة‬
‫‪-2‬اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
 ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻮط اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺸﻮة اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬

DISCHARGE
PRESSURE
VAPOR
PRESSURE

SUCTION STUFFING BOX PRESSURE

PRESSURE
 ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺸﻮة اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫)‪(SPRING‬اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺗﺴﺮب ﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺨﺘﻢ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺨﺘﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫اﻟﺪوار ‪(ROTORY SEAL‬‬
‫)‪RING PACKING‬‬ ‫‪(STATIONARY‬‬
‫) ‪SEAL RING‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺗﺴﺮب ﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺨﺘﻢ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫‪(STATIONARY‬‬
‫‪SEAL RING‬‬
‫)‪PACKING‬‬
‫ﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺨﺘﻢ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫اﻟﺪوارة ‪(ROTORY‬‬
‫)‪SEAL RING‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺗﺴﺮب ﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺨﺘﻢ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫اﻟﺪوار ‪(ROTORY‬‬
‫ﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺨﺘﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺗﺴﺮب ﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺨﺘﻢ‬
‫‪SEAL RING‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺗﺴﺮب ﺣﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪(STATIONARY‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫)‪PACKING‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﺘﻢ اﻟﺪوار‬ ‫‪SEAL RING‬‬ ‫‪(STATIONARY‬‬
‫‪(ROTORY‬‬ ‫‪SEAL RING‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ )‪(SPRING‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫‪SEAL RING‬‬ ‫)‪PACKING‬‬
‫‪PACKING‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ھﻲ وﺟﻮد‬
‫ﻣﺎدة ذات ﺿﻐﻂ ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮي‬
‫وﯾﻜﻮن اﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻏﻠﺐ‬
‫اﻻﺣﯿﺎن وﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻤﻮد ﻧﻘﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺪرة وھﻮ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬
‫اﻻﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﺨﺮوج اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫وأﺳﮭﻞ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ھﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺘﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫وﻟﻜﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﺆدي‬
‫اﻟﻰ ﺗﻠﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﺎ‬
‫ازاﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮد ووﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺒﺪاﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﺪور‬
‫ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر‬
‫وأﯾﻀﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻋﺎء او اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬
‫اﻟﺬي ﯾﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﺘﺴﺮب ﻓﯿﮫ‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻋﺎء وﯾﺠﺐ ان‬
‫ﯾﻜﻮن ھﻨﺎك ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨﻮاص اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪﻧﯿﻦ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﺮب ﻋﻨﺪ اﻧﻄﺒﺎق‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﮭﯿﻦ او ﺗﻼﻗﯿﮭﻢ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻤﺎدة ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼل اﻟﻮﺟﮭﯿﻦ وﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫)‪(PRIMARY SEAL‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻧﻄﺒﺎق اﻟﻮﺟﮭﯿﻦ ﯾﺤﺼﻞ ﺗﺴﺮب‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﻦ اﻻول ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد واﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬
‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻮﻋﺎء واﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﺘﻢ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﻧﺘﯿﻦ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر و اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺤﻤﻠﮭﺎ‬
‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻮﻋﺎء واﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﯾﺤﻤﻠﮭﺎ وﺗﺴﻤﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫)‪0(SECONDERY SEAL‬‬
‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ اﻧﻮاع و ھﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬ﺣﻠﻘﺎت داﺋﺮﯾﺔ ﻣﺮﻧﺔ)‪(O”RING‬‬
‫‪-2‬اﺳﻔﯿﻨﺎت)‪(WEDGES‬‬
‫‪-3‬ﻣﻄﺎط او ﻣﻌﺪن‬
‫ﻣﺮن)‪BELLOWS‬‬
 (SECONDERY SEAL)
O’RING ‫ﺣﻠﻘﺎت داﺋﺮﯾﺔ ﻣﺮﻧﺔ‬-1
 ‫)‪(SECONDERY SEAL‬‬
‫‪-1‬اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻧﺔ ‪O’RING‬‬
(SECONDERY SEAL)
(WEDGES)‫اﻻﺳﻔﯿﻨﺎت‬-2
(SECONDERY SEAL)
(WEDGES)‫اﻻﺳﻔﯿﻨﺎت‬-2
l (SECONDERY SEAL)
(BELLOWS) ‫ﻣﻄﺎط او ﻣﻌﺪن ﻣﺮن‬-3
 (SECONDERY SEAL)
(BELLOWS) ‫ﻣﻄﺎط او ﻣﻌﺪن ﻣﺮن‬-3
 (SECONDERY SEAL)
(BELLOWS) ‫ﻣﻄﺎط او ﻣﻌﺪن ﻣﺮن‬-3
 ‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻀﺮ وف‬
‫اﻻﻋﺘﯿﺎدﯾﺔ ﻓﺎن اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﮭﯿﻦ ﺗﺤﺎول‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﮭﯿﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻢ‬
‫اﺿﻔﺔ ﻧﺎﺑﺾ ﻻ ﺑﻘﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻻوﺟﮫ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺪودة او ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﺎﺑﺾ ﻣﻔﺮد‬
‫او ﻋﺪة ﻧﻮا ﺑﺾ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ‬
 ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺟﺰء أﺧﺮ وھﻮ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎوﯾﺔ ‪RETAINER‬‬
‫اﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎوﯾﺔ ﻋﺪة‬
‫أﻏﺮاض أھﻤﮭﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ l‬اﻟﻤﺤﺎ ﻓﻀﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ‬
‫‪ l‬ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر‬
‫‪ l‬اﺣﺘﻮاء ﺑﻘﯿﺔ اﻷﺟﺰاء‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪء ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺸﻮة اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ وﺟﮭﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻼن اﺣﺪھﻢ ﯾﺪور‬
‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر و اﻻﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺗﺼﺎل وﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺰﯾﯿﺖ داﺋﻢ ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﮭﯿﻦ وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺰﯾﯿﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫)‪ (Film‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻋﺔ وﯾﻜﻮن ﺳﻤﻚ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ )‪ (0.5-3‬ﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﺮون‬
‫وﺗﺘﺠﺪد ھﺬه اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺧﻤﺲ ﺛﻮاﻧﻲ و ﺗﺘﺎﺛﺮ ھﺬه‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺑﻌﺪة ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ وھﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ .2‬اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ .3‬اﻟﻨﻌﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﯿﻦ او‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺼﻘﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻻوﺟﮫ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪء ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺸﻮة اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫وﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻀﻐﻮط اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻮى ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺿﻐﻂ ﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺘﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك ﯾﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﻰ ﻗﻮة‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ وھﻮ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺿﻐﻂ ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺤﺸﻮات وھﻮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎه ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻮﺟﮭﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪء ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺸﻮة اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪.2‬ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﯾﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻮة وھﻮ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫دﺧﻮل اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﮭﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻀﻐﻂ ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺤﺸﻮات‬
‫وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﯾﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬
‫ﯾﺤﺪث ﺗﺪرج ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻰ‬
‫ان ﯾﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮي‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮوﺟﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﮭﯿﻦ‬
‫ھﺬه اﻟﻘﻮة ﺗﺤﺎول ﻓﺘﺢ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﮭﯿﻦ وﺗﻌﺎﻛﺲ اﻟﻘﻮة‬
‫اﻻوﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪء ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺸﻮة اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪.3‬وﺟﻮد اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ وھﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻮة اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ واﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺎول ﻏﻠﻖ اﻻوﺟﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻼﻗﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﺤﺬر ﻣﻦ ان ﺗﻜﻮن‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫اﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ ﻗﻮة اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ‬
‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺆدي اﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺪم ﻗﺪرة اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﮭﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻓﯿﺔ او‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺆدي اﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺧﺮوج اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻜﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺮرة‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪء ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺸﻮة اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫وﻣﻦ ھﺬا ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫ﺑﺎن ھﻨﻚ ﺛﻼث‬
‫ﻗﻮى ھﻲ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺎس ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮازﻧﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺠﺎح وھﺬه‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮى ھﻲ‬
‫‪-1‬ﻗﻮة‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ‪+‬اﻟﻘﻮة‬
‫اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪-2‬اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺎول ﻓﺘﺢ‬
‫اﻻوﺟﮫ اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪء ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺸﻮة اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪l‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﻘﻮة‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺎول ﻓﺘﺢ‬
‫اﻻوﺟﮫ ﻓﺎن ھﺬا‬
‫ﯾﺆدي اﻟﻰ زﯾﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻻوﺟﮫ‬
‫ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺆدي اﻟﻰ‬
‫زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺘﺴﺮب‬
‫وﺧﺮوج اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫ورﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﺸﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪء ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺸﻮة اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪l‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺰداد اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺎول ﻏﻠﻖ اﻻوﺟﮫ)ﻗﻮة‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ‪+‬اﻟﻘﻮة‬
‫اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ( ﻓﺎن اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒﯿﻨﯿﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻀﻤﺤﻞ وﻗﺪ‬
‫ﯾﺆدي اﻟﻰ ﺣﺪوث ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ‬
‫واﺿﻤﺤﻼل ھﺬه اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﯾﺆدي اﻟﻰ ﺣﺪوث اﻟﺘﻘﺎء‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ اﻻوﺟﮫ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻣﻤﺎ‬
‫ﯾﺆدي اﻟﻰ ﺗﺨﺪﯾﺶ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻄﺤﯿﻦ وزﯾﺎدة ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻄﺤﯿﻦ ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺆدي اﻟﻰ‬
‫اﺳﺘﮭﻼك اﻻوﺟﮫ وﻓﺸﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻀﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫‪l‬‬ ‫ھﺬا اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﯾﺒﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻻوﺟﮫ وﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺮب ﺣﯿﺚ ان اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻻوﺟﮫ وﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺮب ھﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺗﻜﻌﯿﺒﯿﺔ أي ان اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺮوب ﻓﻲ اﻻس اﻟﺘﻜﻌﯿﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺮﻗﻢ‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬

MECHANICAL SEAL
SPRING ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ‬ SECONDARY SEAL ‫اﻟﺤﺸﻮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬ BALANCE ‫اﻟﻤﻮازﻧﺔ‬ ARRENGMENT‫اﻟﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬

SINGLE SPRING MULTI SPRING PUSHER NON-PUSHER BALANCE UNBALANCE SINGLE DOUBLE

‫داﺋﺮي اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ‬ ENTERNAL

‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ‬ EXTERNAL

‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪SPRING-1‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ‬
‫ا‪ -‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻨﻮاﺑﺾ‬
‫‪MULTI SPRING‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬

‫‪-1‬اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ‬
‫‪SPRING‬‬
‫ب‪SINGLE SPRING -‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬

‫‪(SECONDERY SEAL) -2‬‬

‫اا‪PUSHER-‬‬
‫وھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﯾﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﺑﻘﺎﺑﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺨﺘﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي ‪SECONDERY‬‬
‫‪ SEAL‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﯿﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ l‬ﺗﺄﻛﻞ وﺟﻮه اﻟﺘﻤﺎس )‪ (PRIMARY SEAL‬ﻓﯿﺘﺤﺮك‬
‫اﻟﺨﺘﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي ﻟﻤﻞء اﻟﻨﻘﺺ اﻟﺤﺎﺻﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ l‬اﻣﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﯾﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر‪.‬‬
‫ھﻨﺎك ﻧﻮﻋﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ‪ SECONDERY SEAL‬ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫‪ l‬ﺣﻠﻘﺎت داﺋﺮﯾﺔ ﻣﺮﻧﺔ)‪(O”RING‬‬

‫)‪(WEDGES‬‬ ‫اﺳﻔﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫‪l‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪(SECONDERY -2‬‬
‫)‪SEAL‬‬
‫ب‪NON-PUSHER-‬‬
‫ھﻲ ﻋﺪم ﻗﺪرة اﻟﺨﺘﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ وﯾﻜﻮن ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ‪ BELLOWS‬ﻣﻄﺎط او‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪن ﻣﺮن‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪BALANCE-3‬‬
‫ب‪UNBALANCE -‬‬ ‫‪BALANCE‬‬ ‫أ‪-‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ARRENGMENT-4‬‬
‫ب‪DOUBL-‬‬ ‫ا‪SINGLE-‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
ARRENGMENT-4
SINGLE-‫ا‬
EXTERNAL-2 ENTERNAL-1
‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ARRENGMENT-4‬‬
‫ب‪DOUBL-‬‬

‫‪DOUBLE TANDEM-1‬‬
‫وﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﺎن ﻟﻠﺘﺴﺮب اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ وھﻮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮل اﻻول ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﺘﺴﺮب وﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺄي ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺗﺴﺮب ﻣﻔﺮد ﻋﺎدي ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻃﯿﺐ اﻟﻮﺟﮭﯿﻦ اﻻوﻟﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﯾﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﺤﺸﻮة ا ﻣﻨﺔ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻜﻲ ﯾﻤﻨﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺸﻮة اﻻوﻟﻰ اذ ﻓﺸﻠﺖ و‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ذي ﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ او‬
‫ﯾﻜﻮن ﺿﻐﻄﮫ اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫وھﻨﺎك ﻋﯿﺐ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع وھﻮ اﻧﮫ ﯾﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎن ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺤﻮر‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ARRENGMENT-4‬‬
‫ب‪DOUBL-‬‬
‫‪TANDEM-1‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ARRENGMENT-4‬‬
‫ب‪DOUBL-‬‬
‫‪BACK-TO-BACK-2‬‬
‫ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﯾﻜﻮن ھﻨﺎك ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﻤﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻻوﺟﮫ اﻻرﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻼﻗﯿﺔ وﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﯾﻜﻮن ھﻨﺎك‬
‫ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﯾﺤﻘﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻮه ﯾﻜﻮن ﺿﻐﻄﮫ اﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﯿﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺴﺮب اﻟﻰ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ وﻟﯿﺲ‬
‫اﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺎرج وھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﯾﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎﻧﺴﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻮن ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮع‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ARRENGMENT-4‬‬
‫ب‪DOUBL-‬‬
‫‪FACE-TO-FACE-3‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻟﮫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت وھﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬ﻻ ﯾﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‪.‬‬
‫‪-2‬ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺒﺎﻃﺎت واﻟﻤﻜﺎﺳﺮ‬
‫اﻧﻮاع اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺸﻮة اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺪوﯾﺮ ‪CIRCULATION‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫وھﻮ ﺳﺤﺐ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪﻓﻊ و ارﺳﺎﻟﮫ اﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ ذات اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻮاﻃﺊ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺮور‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺸﻮة‬
‫‪FLASHING.2‬‬
‫وذﻟﻚ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮع ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﻼﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻘﺎء ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻧﻀﯿﻒ‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫ﺳﺤﺐ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻟﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﻨﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻲ او اﻟﺠﯿﻮب اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻟﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻘﺎء ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻮه‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻼﻣﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ارﺳﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻀﻐﻂ اﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮع ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ‬
‫‪.3‬اﻟﺘﺨﻤﯿﺪ ‪QUENCH‬‬
‫وھﻲ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮع ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮع ﯾﺘﺒﻠﻮر ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻣﻼﻣﺴﺘﮫ اﻟﺠﻮ او‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارﺗﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎدل اﻟﺤﺮاري‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮع ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺪرﺟﺎت‬
‫ﺣﺮارة ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪CYCLONE‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﺷﻮاﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻋﺔ ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫ﯾﺨﺮج ﻓﺮع ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺨﺔ وﯾﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﻗﺴﻤﯿﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻻول ‪:‬ﻣﻦ اﻻﻋﻠﻰ وﯾﺬھﺐ‬
‫اﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺸﻮة اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺰﯾﺖ اﻟﻮﺟﻮه اﻟﻤﺘﻼﻗﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪:‬وﯾﺬھﺐ اﻟﻰ اﻻﺳﻔﻞ‬
‫واﻟﺬي ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬
‫اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺮﺟﻊ اﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺳﺤﺐ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‪:‬‬
‫وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻮط‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ان ﺗﻜﻮن‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻮاﺋﺐ وﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ ﻣﺎدة‬
‫ﻧﻀﯿﻔﺔ او ﺧﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻮاﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻇﺎھﺮة اﻟﺘﺒﺨﯿﺮ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﻇﺎھﺮة اﻟﺠﻔﺎف‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻮاﺋﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻮه وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫ﻇﺎھﺮة اﻟﺘﻔﺤﻢ‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫ﻇﺎھﺮة اﻟﺘﺒﻠﻤﺮ‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫ﻇﺎھﺮة ﺗﻠﻒ ال ‪(SHAFT‬‬ ‫‪.7‬‬
‫)‪SLEEVE‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﺴﺮ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫‪.8‬‬
‫ﻇﺎھﺮة ﺗﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪.9‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
SECONDERY SEAL
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪن‬ ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
C
NITRILE 100 :-40
FLUOR CARBON 205:-30
ETYLYN PROPLYONE 150:-40
PRE FLUOR 315:225
ELSTOMER
PURE PTFE 210
GLAS FILLED PTFE 230
 ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
:‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺟﻮه‬
1. SILICON CARBED+GRAPHITE
2. CARBON GRAPHITE
3. PTFE GLASS FILLED
4. TUNGSTEN CARBIDE
5. SINTERET SILICON CARBIDE
‫اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﺴﺎت‬
 ‫اﻧﻮاع اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﺴﺎت‬
‫‪-1‬اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ )‪(LABYRINTH‬‬
‫‪-2‬اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﯿﺔ)‪(CARBON RING‬‬
‫‪-3‬اﻟﺤﺸﻮة اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ)‪(MECHANICAL SEAL‬‬
‫‪-4‬ﻃﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ او اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪(LIQUID FILM OR‬‬
‫)‪FLOATING BUSHING‬‬
‫‪-5‬ﻃﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮط ‪(LIQUID‬‬
‫‪FILM –TYPE WITH PUMPING‬‬
‫)‪BUSHING‬‬
‫‪-1‬اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ )‪(LABYRINTH‬‬
‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪه‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬اﻗﺪم واﺑﺴﻂ اﻻﻧﻮاع‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻗﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬
‫‪ .3‬ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎل‬
‫‪ .4‬ﯾﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻮاﺋﺐ‬
‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﺪﯾﮫ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ وﻣﺤﺪدات‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺮب ﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ‬
‫)‪ %(2-1‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺣﺪود اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ھﻰ ‪200‬ﺑﺎون \اﻧﺞ ﻛﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ او ‪ 20‬ﺑﺎون\اﻧﺞ ﻟﻜﻞ اﻧﺞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻃﻮل )‪(LABYRINTH‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻻ ﯾﺘﺤﻤﻞ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻷﻧﮫ‬
‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدن ﻟﯿﻨﺔ )اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪-‬‬
‫اﻻﻟﻤﻨﯿﻮم‪...-‬اﻟﺦ(‬
‫وﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻛﻔﺎءة ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻋﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻋﺪد اﻻﺳﻨﺎن‬
‫‪ .2‬اﻟﺴﻤﺎﺣﺎت ﺑﯿﻦ اﻻﻗﻄﺎر‬
‫‪ .3‬اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺤﺎول اﯾﻘﺎﻓﮫ‬
‫‪-2‬اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﯿﺔ )‪(CARBON RING‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﺪء ﻋﺪم ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫ﺧﻼل ﺣﯿﺰ ﻣﻘﻔﻞ وﯾﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر او اﻟﻐﺎز‬
‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪة ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﻛﻞ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﺟﺰاء ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻏﻠﺐ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬
‫اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼث اﺟﺰاء‬
‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن وﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﺣﯿﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدن ﯾﻘﻮم‬
‫ﺑﺮﺑﻄﮭﺎ ﻧﺎﺑﺾ وﯾﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬اﻟﺴﻤﺎﺣﺎت ﺗﻜﻮن اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻼﺑﯿﺮﻧﺚ‬
‫‪ .2‬اﻟﺤﺪ اﻻﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ‪200‬‬
‫‪PSIG‬او‪PSIG 25‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-3‬اﻟﺤﺸﻮة اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ )‪(MECHANICAL SEAL‬‬

‫وﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺸﻮة‬
‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت‬
 ‫‪-4‬ﻃﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ او اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪(LIQUID‬‬
‫)‪FILM OR FLOATING BUSHING‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﺪء اﻟﺴﻤﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﻘﻠﯿﻠﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺣﻠﻘﺘﯿﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﻓﺎن ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺤﻮر وﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ ھﺬا اﻻﺗﺼﺎل اﻻول‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻘﺎت وﯾﻜﻮن ﻓﯿﮫ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻟﺨﺮوج اﻟﺰﯾﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ وﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻣﺎ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻓﮭﻮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت واﻟﺒﯿﺖ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺤﻮﯾﮭﺎ وﯾﻜﻮن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻐﻠﻖ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪء اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ھﻮان ﯾﻤﺮ اﻟﺰﯾﺖ اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻮن ﺑﻜﻤﯿﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ‪ gpm 4-2‬وﺑﻀﻐﻂ اﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺸﻮات‬
‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ psig 15-5‬وﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﺎ ﻓﻀﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ وﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺴﻤﺎﺣﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺴﺮب ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻐﺎز وﻟﯿﺲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ زﯾﺖ ﻧﻘﻲ‬
‫وﺗﺼﻨﻊ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺪن )‪(BABBITT‬او ﻣﺎ ﯾﺪﻋﻰ اﻟﻮاﯾﺖ ﻣﯿﺘﻞ وھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﯾﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﯾﺔ‬
‫وﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﻮﻋﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪھﻦ اﻻول ﻧﻀﯿﻒ ﯾﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ واﻟﺬي‬
‫ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﺬي ﯾﺬھﺐ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﯿﺪة ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﻐﺎز‬
‫ﻣﻤﯿﺰات اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻀﻐﻮط ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ ‪. psig 5000‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻐﺎزات اﻟﻠﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻮي ﺷﻮاﺋﺐ وﺑﻠﻮرات‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮه ﻃﻮﯾﻞ ﻓﮭﻮ ﻻ ﯾﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ ﺻﯿﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻤﺪة ﺳﻨﻮات‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﯾﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎت ﻛﺜﯿﺮة ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻃﻮﻓﺎن اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت ﻓﺎن ھﺬا اﻟﻄﻮﻓﺎن ﻗﺪ ﯾﺆدي اﻟﻰ ﻧﺸﺆ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم اﻟﻤﻮازﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻮر وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪-5‬ﻃﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮط‬
‫‪(LIQUID FILM –TYPE WITH‬‬
‫)‪PUMPING BUSHING‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺪأ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻏﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺸﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬
‫‪-1‬اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫‪-2‬اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬