Statistics chapter 1

 Statistics is the set of knowledge and skills used to

organize, summarize and analyze data.

 Statistics studies methodologies to gather, review,

analyze and draw conclusions from data.
Specifically we define statistics as:
 Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing,
presenting and interpreting data to assist in making
more effective decisions.
Types of statistics:
 Descriptive statistics---
Descriptive statistics means the methods of organizing,
presenting and summarizing data in an informative way.
 Inferential statistics---
Inferential statistics is the methods used to estimate a
property of a population on the basis of a sample. Here
population means the entire set of individuals or objects
of interest or the measurements obtained from all
individuals.
 Related topics:
 Raw data:-- Information before it is arranged and
analyzed is called raw data. It is “Raw” because it is
unprocessed by statistical methods.

 Data set:-- A collection of data is called data set.

  Data point:-- A single observation in data set is a
data point.

 Data array:-- A data array is one of the simplest

methods to present data. It arranges values in
ascending or descending order.

Variable is a symbol which can assume any value from a

prescribed set of values.
Types of Variables:
 Qualitative: Can’t be measured by numerical
characters. e.g. Brand image, customer demand,
nature of a player.

 Quantitative: Can be measured by numerical

characters. e.g. Weight of a student, Number of
players, their k/d ratio etc.
But quantitative can be of two types:
 Discrete: Discrete variables can assume certain
values, and there are gaps between the values.
Such as how many TVs are there in a house.

 Continuous: Continuous variables can assume any

value within a specific range. Such as the height of
the TVs in that house.