UNIT 5

ENERGETICS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY

By: Daniel
 01
What is enthalpy &
thermochemistry?
Thermochemistry
❏ Thermochemistry is the study of heat change and
that occurs during chemical reaction
❏ At constant pressure, the change in enthalpy △H
is defined as the heat transferred by a closed
system during a chemical reaction. The term
"change in enthalpy" or "heat of reaction" is
commonly used when describing the
thermodynamics of a reaction. The unit of
enthalpy change △H is kJ.
Enthalpy
❏ Enthalpy is an example of a state function. For a
state function any change in value is independent
of the pathway between the initial and final
measurements.
❏ An example of enthalpy would taking the
temperature of the water in a swimming pool early
in the morning (the initial value) and then again in
the afternoon (final value), does not tell the whole
story of any temperature fluctuations that may
have occurred throughout the day.
 02
Chemical
Potential Energy,
Heat and Entropy
Chemical Potential Energy
❏ Chemical potential energy is stored in the
chemical bonds of reactants and products, while
the temperature of the reacting mixture is a
function of the kinetic energy of the atom ion and
molecules present.
❏ By dividing the universe, we could examine the
energy change involved in the chemical reaction;
the system that is taking place and its
surrounding
❏ When chemical reaction takes place, the atom of
the reactants are rearrange to create new product
❏
Heat
❏ Heat, q, is a form of energy that is transferred from a
warmer body to a cooler body, as a result of the
temperature gradient.
❏ q = mcΔT is used to measure heat
❏ Heat is sometimes referred to as thermal energy. It
can be transferred by the processes of conduction,
convection, and radiation.
❏ Heat has the ability to do work
❏ When heat is transferred to an object, the result is an
increase in the average kinetic energy of its particles
and therefore an increase in its temperature or a
change in phase.
Heat
❏ Heat, q, is a form of energy that is transferred from a
warmer body to a cooler body, as a result of the
temperature gradient.
❏ Heat is sometimes referred to as thermal energy. It
can be transferred by the processes of conduction,
convection, and radiation.
❏ Heat has the ability to do work
❏ When heat is transferred to an object, the result is an
increase in the average kinetic energy of its particles
and therefore an increase in its temperature or a
change in phase.
Entropy
❏ Entropy (S) is a measure of the distribution of total available
energy between the particles.
❏ The greater the shift from energy being localized to being
widespread amongst the particles, the lower the chance of the
particles returning to their original state and the higher the
entropy of the system.
❏ Spontaneous reactions lead to an increase in the total entropy
within the system and surrounding
 03
Question &
Answer
Q1. What is the symbol of heat?
❏ q

❏ H

❏ J

❏ ºC
Ans: q
Q2. What is the study of heat changes
that accompany chemical reactions
and phase changes?
❏ heat

❏ enthalpy

❏ energy

❏ thermochemistry
 Ans:
Thermochemistry
Q3. What is the equation used to
measure heat
❏ F = ma

❏ q = mcΔT

❏ q = Δq x grams

❏ E = mv
What is the study of heat changes that accompany chemical reactions and phase changes?