Project Title:

Location:
Element: Aluminium Bolts
COP: Eurocode 9 Part 1-1: DD ENV 1999-1-1:2000

Table 3.4: Minimum guaranteed values of 0.2% proof strengthƒ0.2 and ultimate strength ƒu for Bolts, solid and hollow rivets
Material: Aluminium alloy
Type of fasterner Alloy Grade Temper ƒ0.2 ƒu
0.2% Proof strength Ultimate strength
N/mm² N/mm²
Solid Rivets 5056A O 145 270
5086 O 100 240
6082 T4 (Cold Driven) - 200
T6 (Cold Driven) - 295
Hollow Rivets 5154A O or F - 215
Bolts 6082 T6 260 310
6061 T6 245 310
2017A T4 250 380
7075 T6 440 510

Material: Stainless Steel

Type of fasterner Alloy Grade Temper ƒ0.2 ƒu
0.2% Proof strength Ultimate strength
N/mm² N/mm²
Bolts A4 A4-50 210 500
A4 A4-70 450 700
A4 A4-80 600 800

4.2.3 (1)- Recoverable elastic deflection

δ0 =
δ1 =
δ2 =
δmax = δ0 + δ1 + δ 2 = 0 mm

4.2.4 Calculation of elastic deflection

Igr =
Ieff =
σgr =
ƒo =
Ifig = 0

6.1.1 (2) Partial Safety Factor ƳM

Bolted Connections: ƳMb = 1.25
Riveted Connections: ƳMr = 1.25
Pin Connections: ƳMp = 1.25
Welded Connections: ƳMw = 1.25
Slip Connections: ƳMs = See 6.5.9.3

Adhesive Bonded Connections: Ƴma = 3

Thickness of the thinner connected part, t = 10 mm

Bolt Diamter, d = 12 mm
Force Category (Tension or Compression) Compression
Fasterner Hole, d o = 12 mm
Minimum End Distance, e1min = 14.4 mm (1.2do)
Normally End Distance, e1normal = 24 mm (2.0do)
Maximum End Distance, e1max = 36 mm (3.0do)
Minimum Edge Distance,e2min = 18 mm (1.5do)
Maximum End or Edge Distance, emax = 80 mm (40mm+4t, exposed to weather)
Maximum End or Edge Distance, emax = 150 mm (12t or 150mm whichever is larger, other case)
Minimum spacing, p1min = 26.4 mm (2.2do)
Normally spacing, p1normal = 30 mm (2.5do)
Minimum spacing, p2min = 28.8 mm (2.4do)
Normally spacing, p2normal = 36 mm (3.0do)
Maximum spacing, p1max = 140 mm (lesser of 14t or 200mm, for compression force only)
Maximum spacing, p1max = 280 mm (inner row, for tension force)

6.5.2.2 Design shear rupture resistance

Effective resistance of block shear, V eff.Rd = 209.89 kN ((ƒo/sqrt(3))(A v.eff/ƳM1), ƳM1 = 1.1)
Effective shear area, A v.eff = 1290 mm (tL v.eff)
Effective shear length, L v,eff = 129 mm (Lv+L1 +L2 but Lv.eff<L3)
Number of fastener holes in the shear face, n = 3
a1 = 35 mm
a2 = 35 mm
a3 = 50 mm
Lv = 80 mm
k= 0.5 (0.5 for single row bolts, 2.5 for 2 rows bolts)
ƒu = 310 N/mm²
ƒo = 310 N/mm²
L1 = 35 mm (a1 but L1 < 5d)
L2 = 29 mm (a2 - kd 0,t)(ƒu/ƒo)
L3 = 129 mm (Lv+a1+a3 but L3+a1+a3-nd0,v)(ƒ u/ƒo)

6.5.2.3 Angles and angles with bulbs

Width and Depth of equal angle, b = 75 mm

Thickness of connected part, t = 5 mm
End distance, e1 = 40 mm
Edge distance, e2 = 30 mm
Spacing, p 1 = 60 mm
Ultimate strength of angle, ƒu = 310 N/mm²
with 1 bolt:
A1 = 150 mm²
Design ultimate resistance,N u,Rd = 74.4 kN (2*A 1ƒu)/ƳM2

with 2 bolts:
Reduction factors, β2 = 0.7
Anet = 315 mm² (b*t-d o*t)
Design ultimate resistance,N u,Rd = 54.7 kN

with 3 bolts or more:

Reduction factors, β3 = 0.7
Anet = 315 mm² (b*t-d o*t)
Design ultimate resistance, N u,Rd = 54.7 kN

Bolt Connection Design to Eurocode

Location: Detail 4

Design forces:
Ultimate shear force, V ed = 0.5 kN
Ultimate tension force, Fed = 0.715 kN

1) SS A4 M12 anchorage and tension capacity design

Bolt Information:
Bolt Size, d = 12 mm
Bolt Type = Stainless Steel
Ultimate tensile strength of bolt material, ƒub = 500 N/mm²
Section area of bolt , A = 113.112 mm²
Tension resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, F t,Rd = 27 kN OK!!!
Shear resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, Fv.Rd = 23 kN OK!!!
= 0.041 < 1.0 OK!!!

*Use prokon to check allowable embedment length.

2) Block shear check at 150x75x7mm thk angle bracket using M10 bolt and nut

Bolt Information:
Bolt Size, d = 10 mm
Bolt Type = Stainless Steel
Ultimate tensile strength of bolt material, ƒub = 500 N/mm²
Section area of bolt , A = 78.55 mm²
Tension resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, F t,Rd = 19 kN OK!!!
Shear resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, Fv.Rd = 16 kN OK!!!
= 0.059 < 1.0 OK!!!

Block shear resistance:

Edge distance of connected part, e2 = 40 mm
Thickness of connected part, t = 7 mm
Ultimate tensile strength of connected part, ƒub = 410 N/mm²
Design ultimate block shear resistance,N u,Rd = 183.68 kN OK!!!
Project: A&A at Furama City Centre
Location: Podium Cladding from 1st to 6th sty
Design Element: Connection Between 3mm Thk Cladding and 15x30x3mm thk alum.angle.

Design Forces:
Effective Wind Pressure, Wed = 1.050 kN/mm² (From TEDDS)
Ultimate Wind Pressure, Wed.ult = 1.575 kN/mm²
Ultimate Wind Force, Fwind.ult = 0.284 kN
Density of Aluminum Panel, γalu = 25 kN/m³
Thickness of Aluminum Panel, t = 3 mm
Width of Aluminum Panel, B = 600 mm
Length of Aluminum Panel, L = 300 mm
Weight of Aluminum Panel, W = 0.014 kN
Ultimate Shear Force, Vweight.ult = 0.018 kN
Number of Bolt per Panel, n = 4 nos (Consider Left and Right side)
Ultimate Shear Force Per Bolt @ Wind Direction, F v.wind = 0.071 kN
Ultimate Shear Force Per Bolt @ Gravity Direction, F v.grav = 0.005 kN
Total Design Shear Force Per Bolt, Fv.total = 0.071 kN

Design Bolt Capacity

Bolt Information:
Bolt Size, d = 4 mm
Bolt Material = Stainless Steel
Ultimate tensile strength of bolt material, ƒ ut = 500 N/mm²
Section area of bolt , A = 13 mm²
Tension resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, F t,Rd = 3 kN OK!!!
Shear resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, F v.Rd = 3 kN OK!!!
= 0.028 < 1.0 Bolt Capacity OK!!!

Block Shear Check at 3mm Thk Aluminum Panel

Block shear resistance:
Edge distance of connected part, e 2 = 5 mm
Thickness of connected part, t = 3 mm
Ultimate yield strength of connected part, ƒ ub = 110 N/mm²
Design ultimate block shear resistance,N u,Rd = 2.64 kN < Fv.total OK!!!
Project: A&A at Furama City Centre
Location: Podium Cladding from 1st to 6th sty
Design Element: Connection Between 3mm Thk Cladding and 50x50x3mm thk Alum.Flat Bar .

Design Forces:
Effective Wind Pressure, Wed = 1.050 kN/mm² (From TEDDS)
Ultimate Wind Pressure, Wed.ult = 1.575 kN/mm²
Ultimate Wind Force, Fwind.ult = 0.284 kN
Density of Aluminum Panel, γalu = 25 kN/m³
Thickness of Aluminum Panel, t = 3 mm
Width of Aluminum Panel, B = 600 mm
Length of Aluminum Panel, L = 300 mm
Weight of Aluminum Panel, W = 0.014 kN
Ultimate Shear Force, Vweight.ult = 0.018 kN
Number of Bolt per Panel, n = 4 nos (Consider Left and Right side)
Ultimate Tension Force Per Bolt @ Wind Direction, F t.wind = 0.071 kN
Ultimate Shear Force Per Bolt @ Gravity Direction, F v.grav = 0.005 kN

Design Bolt Capacity

Bolt Information:
Bolt Size, d = 4 mm
Bolt Material = Stainless Steel
Ultimate tensile strength of bolt material, ƒut = 500 N/mm²
Section area of bolt , A = 13 mm²
Tension resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, F t,Rd = 3 kN OK!!!
Shear resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, Fv.Rd = 3 kN OK!!!
= 0.019 < 1.0 Bolt Capacity OK!!!

Punching Shear Check at 4mm dia.S.S. Rivet

Thickness of connected part, t = 3 mm
Characteristic strength of connected part, ƒo = 110 N/mm²
Punching Shear Resistance of connected part, Bp.Rd = 1.99 kN OK!!!
Project: A&A at Furama City Centre
Location: Podium Cladding from 1st to 6th sty
Design Element: Connection Between 50x50x3mm thk Alum.Flat Bar and 38x38x3mm thk Alum.Angle .

Design Forces:
Effective Wind Pressure, Wed = 1.050 kN/mm² (From TEDDS)
Ultimate Wind Pressure, Wed.ult = 1.575 kN/mm²
Ultimate Wind Force, Fwind.ult = 0.284 kN
Density of Aluminum Panel, γalu = 25 kN/m³
Thickness of Aluminum Panel, t = 3 mm
Width of Aluminum Panel, B = 600 mm
Length of Aluminum Panel, L = 300 mm
Weight of Aluminum Panel, W = 0.014 kN
Ultimate Shear Force, Vweight.ult = 0.018 kN
Number of Bolt per Panel, n = 1 nos (Consider Left and Right side)
Ultimate Tension Force Per Bolt @ Wind Direction, F t.wind = 0.284 kN
Ultimate Shear Force Per Bolt @ Gravity Direction, F v.grav = 0.018 kN

Design Bolt Capacity

Bolt Information:
Bolt Size, d = 8 mm
Bolt Material = Stainless Steel
Ultimate tensile strength of bolt material, ƒut = 500 N/mm²
Section area of bolt , A = 50 mm²
Tension resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, F t,Rd = 12 kN OK!!!
Shear resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, Fv.Rd = 10 kN OK!!!
= 0.019 < 1.0 Bolt Capacity OK!!!

Punching Shear Check at 8mm dia.S.S. Pan Head Screw

Thickness of connected part, t = 3 mm
Characteristic strength of connected part, ƒo = 110 N/mm²
Punching Shear Resistance of connected part, Bp.Rd = 3.98 kN OK!!!
Project: A&A at Furama City Centre
Location: Podium Cladding from 1st to 6th sty
Design Element: Connection Between 38x38x3mm thk alum.angle and 75x75x5mm MS Angle

Design Forces:
Effective Wind Pressure, Wed = 1.050 kN/mm² (From TEDDS)
Ultimate Wind Pressure, Wed.ult = 1.575 kN/mm²
Ultimate Wind Force, Fwind.ult = 0.756 kN
Density of Aluminum Panel, γalu = 25 kN/m³
Thickness of Aluminum Panel, t = 3 mm
Width of Aluminum Panel, B = 600 mm
Length of Aluminum Panel, L = 800 mm
Weight of Aluminum Panel, W = 0.036 kN
Ultimate Shear Force, Vweight.ult = 0.049 kN
Number of Bolt per Panel, n = 1 nos (Consider Left and Right side)
Ultimate Shear Force Per Bolt @ Wind Direction, F v.wind = 0.756 kN
Ultimate Shear Force Per Bolt @ Gravity Direction, F v.grav = 0.049 kN
Total Design Shear Force Per Bolt, Fv.total = 0.758 kN

Design Bolt Capacity

Bolt Information:
Bolt Size, d = 8 mm
Bolt Material = Stainless Steel
Ultimate tensile strength of bolt material, ƒ ut = 500 N/mm²
Section area of bolt , A = 50 mm²
Tension resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, F t,Rd = 12 kN OK!!!
Shear resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, F v.Rd = 10 kN OK!!!
= 0.075 < 1.0 Bolt Capacity OK!!!

Block Shear Check at 3mm Thk Alum.Angle

Block shear resistance:
Edge distance of connected part, e 2 = 10 mm
Thickness of connected part, t = 3 mm
Ultimate yield strength of connected part, ƒ ub = 110 N/mm²
Design ultimate block shear resistance,N u,Rd = 5.28 kN < Fv.total OK!!!