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Cbse 10 TH Maths Formulas Basic Algebraic Identities
Cbse 10 TH Maths Formulas Basic Algebraic Identities
REAL NUMBERS:
POLYNOMIALS:
1. Let 𝛼 and 𝛽 be the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, then
− 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 −𝑏
Sum of the zeroes = 𝛼 + 𝛽 = =
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥2 𝑎
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑐
Product of the zeroes = 𝛼𝛽 = =
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥2 𝑎
2. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 be the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x). Then , the polynomial is given by
f(x) = x2 – (𝛼 + 𝛽) x + 𝛼𝛽
(or) f(x) = x2 – (Sum of the zeroes) x + Product of the zeroes.
3. Let 𝛼 , 𝛽 and 𝛾 be the zeroes of the cubic polynomial f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, then
− 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 2 −𝑏
Sum of the zeroes = 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = =
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 3 𝑎
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑐
Sum of the product of zeroes = 𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛾𝛼 = =
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥3 𝑎
−𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 −𝑑
Product of the zeroes = 𝛼𝛽𝛾 = =
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 2 𝑎
1
4. If 𝛼 , 𝛽 and 𝛾be the zeroes of the cubic polynomial f(x). Then , the polynomial is given by
f(x) = x3 – (𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 ) x2 + (𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛾𝛼) x - 𝛼𝛽𝛾
(or) f(x) = x3 – (Sum of the zeroes) x2 +( Sum of the product of zeroes) x - Product of the zeroes.
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
𝑏1 𝑐 2 − 𝑏2 𝑐 1 𝑎 1 𝑐2 −𝑎 2 𝑐1 𝑎 1 𝑏2 −𝑎 2 𝑏1
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
4. Distance = Speed × Time ; Time = ; Speed =
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS:
2
STATISTICS:
3. Mode:
𝑓− 𝑓1
Mode = l + ×h
2𝑓− 𝑓1 − 𝑓2
QUADRATIC EQUATION:
1. Discriminant = D = b2 – 4ac
i. the roots are real and unequal if D > 0
ii. the roots are real and equal if D = 0
iii. the roots are not a real if D < 0
−𝑏 ± 𝐷
2. Quadratic formula: x =
2𝑎
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION:
4. an = Sn – Sn-1
5. Three consecutive numbers : a – d , a , a + d
6. Four consecutive numbers : a – 3d , a – d , a + d , a + 3d
SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME:
CUBOID:
CUBE:
HOLLOW CYLINDER:
CONE:
1. l2 = r2 + h2
2. CSA of cone = 𝜋rl sq.units
3. TSA of cone = 𝜋r(l+ r) sq.units
1
4. Volume of cone = 𝜋r2h cubic.units
3
SPHERE:
HEMISPHERE:
SPHERICAL SHELL:
1. 1 cm3= 1 ml
2. 1 L = 1000 cm3
3. 1 m3 = 1000L ( 1m3 = 100 × 100 × 100 cm3 = 1000 ×1000 cm3 = 1000 L)
4. 1 hectare = 10000m2
5. 1 feet = 12 inches