A Practical activity Report submitted

for Engineering Design Project-II (UTA-024)

by

Kartik Nair 102001007

Submitted to

Dr. Amit Gupta

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

THAPAR INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, (A

DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY), PATIALA, PUNJAB
INDIA
July-Dec 2021
 NOTE: Select an appropriate objective only from the following list of
experiments while making a softcopy of your report.
TABLE OF CONTENT

Sr. No. Experiment no. Objective

3 2 (a) To draw a schematic diagram of receiver to receive specified pulse
width IR signals from gantries using CAD tool (Eagle).

4 2 (b) To design a printed circuit board layout of receiver circuit using

CAD tool (Eagle).
 Experiment: 1

Objective:

(a) To draw a schematic diagram of pulse width modulation (PWM) based transmitter for
generating specified pulse width waveforms for gantries placed at different locations
on the path using CAD tool (Eagle).

(b) To design a printed circuit board layout of pulse width modulation (PWM) based
transmitter using CAD tool (Eagle).

Software Used: Eagle Software

Component Used:
Sr. No Name of Components Value Specifications
1. Resistor 120kΩ Carbon Resistor with 5% Tolerance
2. Resistor 22kΩ Carbon Resistor with 5% Tolerance
3. Resistor 100kΩ Carbon Resistor with 5% Tolerance
4. Resistor 1kΩ Carbon Resistor with 5% Tolerance
5. Capacitor 10pf Electrolytic Capacitor
6. MBD701 - Ultra high frequency photodiode
7. LM311D - 8 pin IC
8. 22-23-2031 - PCB header

Theory :
1. Resistor: It is an electrical component that helps in restricting the flow of current. It is used
to adjust the flow of current, signal levels, divide voltages etc. Resistors are coded with
bands that help us know the resistance of that certain resistor. They can be classified into two
categories ie, Linear Resistor and Non- Linear Resistors. Both linear and non linear are
further divided into sub categories.

Fig. 1.1 Various types of resistors

 2. Capacitor: This is a device used to store electric charge in it also helps in, power conditioning,
signal coupling or decoupling, electronic noise filtering, and remote sensing. A capacitor works
on the principle that the capacitance of a conductor increases appreciably when a conductor is
brought near it. Capacitors are divided into two main groups Fixed capacitor and Variable
capacitor.

Fig. 1.2 Various types of capacitors

3. MBD701: It is also know as hot carrier diode. It’s switching speed is high, but has a low forward
voltage drop. When sufficient forward voltage is applied, a current flows in the forward direction.

Fig. 1.3 MBD701

4. LM311D:
This is a type of integrated circuit, it is mainly used to compare the input voltages and decides the
superior value. The operating supply voltage can vary from -15 to +15V for OP-AMPs. The voltage
changes to 5V if it is used for logical operations. It has a great compatibility with TTL and MOS
circuits.

Fig. 1.4 LM311D

 5. 22-23-2031: This is a PCB header with a 2.54mm pitch. PCB (Printed circuit board) helps us join
connections to a PCB using a single block.They usually have one side that is mounted on the
surface and soldered onto the board with the other side allowing connections.

Fig. 1.5 22-23-2031

Schematic diagram:
Fig. 1.7 Schematic diagram of Transmitter circuit
 Printed Circuit Board layout:

Fig. 1.8 PCB layout of Transmitter circuit

Discussion:

In this experiment, we have learnt how make the schematic diagram , how to make the PCB(printed
circuit board) layout of pulse width modulation(PWM) on the Eagle AutoDesk software. We learnt
how a PWM receiver circuit receives and identifies IR signal waveforms of specific pulse in
different locations

References:
Fig. 1.1 Various Types of resistors
https://www.electroniclinic.com/what-is-a-resistor-different-types-of-resistors-applications/
Fig,1.2 Various Types of capacitors
1) https://www.codrey.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Capacitor-Types.png
2) https://eeeproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Types-of-capacitors.jpg

Fig. 1.3 MBD701 .

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Schottky.jpg

Fig.1.4 LM311D
https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/LM311-Pinout.png

Fig.1.5 22-23-2031
https://au.element14.com/productimages/large/en_GB/1462950-40.jpg

Signature of Faculty member