Field Control of DC Shunt Machine IN MATLAB

1.M FARAZ KHAN 3. KHAN BAHADUR

Department of Electrical Technology Department of Electrical Technology
PTUT PTUT
LAHORE, PAKISTAN LAHORE, PAKISTAN

2.M WAQAS 4. FAHEEM ASLAM

Department of Electrical Technology Department of Electrical Technology
PTUT PTUT
LAHORE, PAKISTAN LAHORE, PAKISTAN

5. BURHAN KHAN
Department of Electrical Technology
PTUT
LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Abstract: Today’s Technology requires faster and easier methods of controlling equipment. Direct
Current (DC) motor is one of such equipment. Its speed is inversely proportional to flux, hence field
current. Using this established relationship between the speed and flux, this paper investigates the
effects of different field current on the output response of the field controlled direct current motor.
The aim is to establish relationship between the speed of DC motor and the load torque at different
field current. The steady state response shows that at different field current speed of the DC motor
is directly proportional to the load torque. The transient response shows that without any feedback
the performance of the response can be improved. We will try to change the load and then observe
the behaviour of current.

I. INTRODUCTION

Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time. The act of
simulating something first requires that a model be developed; this model represents the key
characteristics or functions of the selected physical or abstract system or process. The model
represents the system itself, whereas the simulation represents the operation of the system over
time. In this field-controlled DC motor modelling, both the responses for step and impulse inputs
have been investigated. On the basis of the modelled circuit, all the data has been analysed on the
basis of both MATLAB software as well as by calculation. For proper understanding and clear
visualization of this paper, the remaining parts of this paper are structured as follows. In Section 2,
thorough information on DC motor (operating principle, classification, methods of speed control) is
described. In Section 3, the detailing of model development for MATLAB simulation is provided.
Simulation process and related discussion on the basis of result obtained is described in Section 5
Section 6 provides the conclusion part. It can be easily said that any electro-mechanical movements
happen around us are caused either by an AC or a DC motor. In DC motor is one of oldest motor to
convert electrical to mechanical energy. This DC or direct current motor works on the principal,
when a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a torque and has a
tendency to move. This is known as motoring action. If the direction of current in the wire is
reversed, the direction of rotation also reverses. When magnetic field and electric field interact, they
produce a mechanical force, and based on that the working principle of DC motor is established.
2. SIMULATION OF Field Control of DC Shunt Machine

Figure 2. Simulation of DC shunt machine

First of all we will take a DC source or a DC machine then we will apply a resistance on A+
and connect the F terminal to the resistance directly and the value of resistance is 1 ohm
and then connect the F to the current measurement instrument then we connect these
components with different scopes to observer the outputs and scopes are connected to the
display that will show the output M is the name of the speed of motor or torque which is
combined with mug now when we will run the circuit we will get our output on the displays
of screen. The scopes are given number 1 and 2 and screens are also given the same as
screen 1 and 2

3. Simulation Results and Discussion

Display of screen 1 results on scope 1

After running the circuit mentioned above, we will observe the motion of machine in other words
we will observe the behaviour of torque on a fixed resistance.

Display of screen 2 results of scope 2

4.Shunt Motor
In a Shunt Motor, the variable resistor RC is connected in series with the shunt
field windings as shown in the figure below. This resistor RC is known as a
Shunt Field Regulator.
The shunt field current is given by the equation shown below

The connection of RC in the field reduces the field current and hence the flux is also reduced. This
reduction in flux increases the speed and thus, the motor runs at a speed higher than the normal
speed. Therefore, this method is used to give motor speed above normal or to correct the fall of
speed because of the load. We know that current is directly proportional to the flux so reduction in
flux causes reduction in current and the speed of the motor will increase.

6. SIMULATION OF Field Control of DC Shunt Machine

First of all we will take a DC source or a DC machine then we will apply a resistance on A+
and connect the F terminal to the resistance directly and the value of resistance is 1 ohm but
this time we will change the resistance and observe the behaviour of motor we will also
observe the change in torque and current and then connect the F to the current
measurement instrument then we connect these components with different scopes to
observer the outputs and scopes are connected to the display that will show the output M is
the name of the speed of motor or torque which is combined with mug now when we will
run the circuit, we will get our output on the displays of screen. The scopes are given
number 1 and 2 and screens are also given the same as screen 1 and 2.
7. Simulation Results and Discussion

Simulink results of screen 1 after change in resistance

Now we will see a clear difference in the graph which mean that if we want to control the motion of
a motor, we can change a lot of factors to do so and one of them is resistance when we change the
value of resistance the current is changed as well and the change in current helps us to control the
amount of Touque that can also be seen in the graph.

Simulink results of screen 2 after change in resistance

8.CONCLUSSION
The discussion has made in this paper about field-controlled Dc Motor in
MATLAB-SIMULATION environment. The various graphical analytical results
shows that the motor accurately defining the effect of change in filed current
vs. speed characteristics curve. This research also shows the relation between
torque and speed it also shows that at different field current speed of the DC
motor is directly proportional to the load torque.

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