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Drogheda Voters Lists
Drogheda Voters Lists
By Moira Corcoran
The originals of the two Drogheda voters' lists here appended are contained in the large
collection of material known as the Foster/Massereene MSS. lodged in the Public Record Office
of Northern Ireland. It is not surprising that the documents should have had significance for
John Foster, then Speaker of the Irish House of Commons, since he had a keen interest in the
outcome of the elections to which they referred. For some time he had been endeavouring to
exercise a substantial influence on the politics of Drogheda with the eventual aim of securing one
of its parliamentary seats for a member of his family. Since this involvement of Foster in the
affairs of what the Lord Lieutenant of the day, Lord Cornwallis, referred to as "the Speaker's
town of Drogheda" has been fully discussed by Dr A. P. W. Malcomson in his valuable and
wide-ranging work John Foster : the politics of theAnglo-Irish Ascendancyl it is not proposed to
deal with it here.
The lists are, however, in themselves worthy of notice, providing as they do practical
illustration of the voting procedures of the period as well as the names, occupations and voting
qualifications of the electors. Prior to the Act of Union the constituency of the county of the
town of Drogheda (which included the borough and its immediate environs) returned two
members to the Irish House of Parliament. After the Union the representation in the Westmins
ter Parliament was reduced to one seat.
In the general election of November 1797 John Ball and Edward Hardman were returned
for the two Drogheda seats. Ralph Smyth, the defeated candidate, however lodged a petition
against Hardman's return on grounds of bribery and undue influence. The petition succeeded,
Hardman was unseated, necessitating the by-election of March 1798, which was again contested
by the same two candidates, Ralph Smyth and Edward Hardman. As may be seen from the
voters' list (No. I),2 Hardman regained the seat with a comfortable majority. That he was
regarded as being firmly in the Foster sphere of influence may be inferred from an election
address3 issued by an anonymous supporter of his adversary Ralph Smyth which claimed that if
Hardman were elected "Coll?n will become the tyrant of Drogheda when none dare contest its
power" (Coll?n here being a pseudonym for Speaker Foster who resided in that village). In the
same address prospective voters were reminded that at the general election of 1796, when
Hardman was supported by the Speaker, "old and neglected promises were renewed ? that new
were bestowed ? that
promises lavishly jobs of all sorts, Militia jobs, Revenue jobs, Road jobs,
Yeomanry jobs, were put inmotion". Roman Catholic voters were also reminded that Hardman
was backed by the "most potent, most inveterate, most avowed enemy to Catholic Emancipa
tion," from the context an obvious reference to Speaker Foster. Since voting was open and
political allegiance publicly declared, voters' lists were valuable guides as to where influence
might possibly be exercised in future elections. The list (No. 2)4 for the election of 1802 is fairly
1 A. P. W. Malcomson, John Foster : The Politics of the Anglo-Irish Ascendancy (Oxford, 1978).
2 Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, Foster/Massereene papers, D. 207/24/3A?C.
3 Ibid, D. 207/24/1.
4 Ibid, D. 207/24/5.
319
320 County Louth Archaeological and Historical Journal
extensively marked in what appears to be the handwriting of Edward Hardman, jun.5 The
Fosters apparently used the information thus obtained to good effect since Colonel Thos.
Foster, son of the Speaker, was elected M.P. for Drogheda in the following election of 1807.
Methods commonly used at the present time to get voters to the poll were also employed
during the election of 1802, when Alexander Marsden, Civil Under Secretary in Dublin Castle,
a supporter of Ogle, "ransacked Dublin for Drogheda voters, and tried unsuccessfully to get a
patient released from Simpson's Hospital so that he could go to Drogheda to vote for Ogle".6
Drogheda in 1798 had a population of over 15,000,7 yet only 358 electors voted in the 1798
contest and 421 in 1802. If the number of electors, 100 in all, included in the "List of the
Freemen and Freeholders who DID NOT Vote in the Late Election" (1802) is added to that of
those who did vote, the total valid electorate in that year would appear to be only about 520, a
very small proportion of the population.
As may be seen from the lists, this limited electorate was composed of "freemen" and
"freeholders". The freedom of the town was granted by the corporation on application, on the
grounds of birth or apprenticeship or was conferred on certain important individuals as a
"special favour" for reasons not always clearly defined. Freemen were exempt from tolls and
other dues and were entitled to bid for corporation property whenever it was available for
re-leasing.8
Until 1793 membership of the corporation was restricted to Protestants and the fact that
the vast majority of the population was Catholic9 meant that there were relatively few Protes
tants from which to draw members of the corporation. As a result most Protestants in the town
were freemen of the corporation and there were also many non-resident freemen. This situation
? some coming from as
is reflected in the wide variety of addresses of voters in both election lists
far away as Cork and Derry to cast their votes.
Freehold franchise on the other hand was based on property which was either owned in fee
simple or leased for a term of life; the only monetary qualification being that "the freehold
should yield to the tenant 40 shillings a year above the rent he paid, and all other charges" .10 An
Election Act of 1728 required that a forty-shilling freeholder should have his freehold regis
tered at least six months before the election at which he tendered his vote. Under a further Act of
1795 freeholders already on the register were obliged to re-register every eight years unless
their freeholds were worth ?50 or more per year.
Since up to 1793 Catholics were denied both municipal and parliamentary franchise, the
composition of Drogheda Corporation and its electorate was entirely Protestant in a town whose
population was overwhelmingly Catholic. The provisions of the Catholic Relief Act of 1793,
however, extended the franchise to Roman Catholics on the same terms as Protestants.11 By this
time many Catholic merchants and traders inDrogheda had become quite prosperous and had
acquired the necessary electoral property qualification. Judging by the numbers of them who
voted in the 1798 and the 1802 elections, they were prompt in registering their freeholds when
the opportunity arose.
In the system of open voting then operating each elector's political allegiance was publicly
5 Ibid, D. 207/24/6.
6 Malcomson, John Foster, 174.
7 Moira Corcoran, "A Drogheda Census List of 1798", C.L.A.H.J., XVII, 2, (1970), 94.
8 John Fitzgerald, "The Organisation of the Drogheda Economy, 1780-1820 (unpub. M.A. thesis, Univ. College,
Dublin, 1972), 81-2.
9 Malcomson, John Foster, 164.
10 Ibid, 297.
11 J. C. Beckett, The Making of Modern Ireland, 1603-1923 (London, 1966), 250.
Two Drogheda Voters' Lists : 1798 and ?802 321
exposed and so voters' lists were valuable indicators for future candidates as to possible sources
of support. That the appended lists, especially the 1802 one, were so treated by the Foster
interest is shown by the heavy markings on the latter list. The capital F opposite many names
obviously stands for Foster and while it is widely distributed both among Hardman and Ogle
voters it is strictly confined to freemen. The entries under "freeholders" were struck out,
support apparently not being expected from that quarter.
At the end of the poll and the declaration of the result the usual civilities were observed,
much as they are to-day. The victor thanked his friends for their support and congratulated the
sheriffs and their deputy, who were the returning officers, on the "upright and impartial"
manner inwhich they had conducted the election. Much the same speech was made by the loser
except that in thanking his supporters he referred also to "those who wish to serve him he has no
doubt but who for their situations were obliged to vote against him".
Apart from the open system of voting and the very limited electorate the lists illustrate that
electoral practices have altered little in the last two centuries.
THE CANDIDATES
EDWARD HARDMAN, who was a candidate both in the by-election of 1798 and the
post-Union general election of 1802, came from an old established Protestant family. Both his
grandfather and his father were in their time mayors of Drogheda and he himself was elected to
that office in 1768. His family, through the privileges gained as freemen, especially the right to
bid for corporation property, had through time acquired a large holding of such property in the
town. Hardman was a leading merchant, dealing especially in grain12 and wine, his trade in the
former at one period being as high as ?20,000 per year. The wine,13 mostly port and claret, he
imported directly from merchants in France and Portugal. He also manufactured linen between
the years 1795 and 1802.14 In his electoral aspirations Hardman was supported by John Foster
of Coll?n, the Speaker of the Irish House of Parliament, and "bound to him by many ties of
obligation and friendship".15 Drogheda was vehemently anti-Union and Hardman's success in
the 1798 election at least was probably due to "his declared opposition on the hustings to the
very idea of a Union".16 He was supported on this account by a considerable number of
freeholders who were presumably mainly Catholic. The position was reversed in the 1802
election, when the majority of the freeholders voted against him. By that time the Union was
accomplished and no longer a live issue. The movement for Catholic emancipation was begin
ning to gain ground and Hardman may have lost some support since he was known as to be
"hostile to the Catholic claims".17
The Hardman family in Drogheda is now extinct and remembered only in a street name
"Hardman's Gardens," on the northern side of the town where they once held considerable
property.
RALPH SMYTH, also a Protestant, came from aWestmeath landed family.18 He married
the only child of a prominent Drogheda merchant, George Scholes, from whom he inherited a
considerable amount of property in the town. He was mayor of Drogheda in 1793 and 1794 and
contested the general election of 1797, when he was defeated by John Ball and Edward
Hardman. Hardman was later unseated on a petition by Smyth on the grounds of bribery and
undue influence, and this circumstance made necessary the by-election of 1798 to fill the vacant
seat. Smyth was again defeated and apparently retired from parliamentary politics.
In partnership with another Drogheda merchant, St. George Smith, Ralph Smyth's son,
Ralph jun., built up a large trade in a variety of goods, mainly grain but including linen and later
ship-building. As Smyth and Smith they were prominent in the commercial life of Drogheda,
especially in the milling trade, up to 1892, when their mills on the north quays finally closed
down.19
HENRY MEADE OGLE came from a very long-established Drogheda family with
considerable influence both in corporation and Government circles. A Henry Ogle was sheriff as
far back as 1687 and mayor in 1698. Members of the family represented the borough in
Parliament from 1773 to 1796, when in the latter year Henry's father William Meade Ogle held
the seat.20 The Ogles, like the other Protestant freemen, being privileged to bid for corporation
property when it became available, also acquired large holdings in the town. Ravell's map of
Drogheda (1749)21 shows a large section of land extending almost the full length of Fair Street,
from the corner with Magdalene Street to the corner of Bolton Street, and in depth back to
"
Greenlanes. This property is titled Alderman Ogle's Garden." Originally merchants, the Ogles
by the end of the eighteenth century drew their income mainly from land and property. Though
defeated in this election by the narrow margin of 5 votes, Ogle won the seat in 1812, 1818 and
1820. When Parliament was dissolved later in 1820 on the death of George III he did not seek
re-election, seemingly from lack of finance. Soon afterwards Ogle appears to have left
Drogheda and settled in Framlington, Suffolk, where he died in 1823. A tablet in the parish
church there records that "Henry Meade Ogle Esq. of Drogheda in Ireland died February 18th
1823 aged 60 years. He was the representative in Parliament of his native Town for several
sessions, and was the only surviving son of William Meade Ogle, whose family have represented
the town of Drogheda in Parliament during the last century. Forced from this town, and by his
own request his remains were deposited beneath this tablet."22
THE ELECTORATE
Since there was only a period of four years between the elections of 1798 and 1802 there is
not a significant difference in the composition of the electorate, the same names tending to occur
in each case. More information may be gleaned from the 1802 list which in many instances
records the occupation of the voter, especially in the case of the freemen and thus gives a fair
idea of the range of services available to the citizens of the period. Many famous names appear
among the freemen such as Henry Grattan, John Foster, Speaker of the Irish House of
Commons, Thomas Connolly of Castletown, John Ball, M.P. and the architect Francis Johnston.
The latter was temporarily resident inDrogheda about that time and designed some of our more
notable buildings such as the Corn Exchange (now the Court-house), the porch and spire of St
Peter's C. of I., the first Roman Catholic Church of St Peter inWest Street and the original
section of Sienna Convent.
While a considerable number of Protestant clergy figure in the lists only two Catholic
clergymen, both on the 1802 one, may be identified. The first and more important of these isDr
Francis Moylan, Roman Catholic bishop of Cork, who was in 1791 by unanimous resolution of
Drogheda Corporation).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I return my sincere thanks to the Deputy Keeper of the Records, Public Record Office of
Northern Ireland, and the Viscount Massereene and Ferrard for permission to publish these
lists, to Mr John Fitzgerald for his kindness in allowing me access to his M.A. thesis, "The
of the Drogheda Economy 1780-1820", and to my friend Miss Marie Carolan for
Organisation
typing.
324 County Louth Archaeological and Historical Journal
?
For Mr. HARDMAN. John Elliott, of do. do.
Mr. George Caine,
freeman, Fathom, Thomas Collins, of Drogheda, esq. do.
Revd. Henry Ashe, do. Dublin, James Barlow, of Dublin, esq. do.
Revd. Henry Irwin, do. Castlecomer, Mr. Robert Parkinson, of do. do.
?
Mr. Henry W. Keating, do. Drogheda, Edward Perry, of do. do.
? ?
Charles Wynne, do. Armagh, John Cain, of do. do.
Samuel Pendleton, esq. do. Dublin, Leonard Crooks, esq. Drogheda militia, do.
Rev. Isacc Ashe, do. Derry, Mr. Charles Evans, of Drogheda, do.
?
Right Hon. Thomas Connolly, do. Castletown, George Bruce, hair-dresser, do. do.
?
Rev. William Nesbitt, do. Drogheda, Walter Robinson, Drogheda militia, do.
?
Launcelot Fisher, esq. do. do. John Sillery, do. do.
Mr. Douglas Massey, shoe-maker, do. do. Right Hon. Sir John Blaquiere, K.B. Dublin do.
John Pollock, esq. do. Dublin, Henry Irwin, of Dublin, esq. do.
John Lees, esq. do. do. Mr. James Moore, Drogheda, freeholder,
?
Thomas Trotter, esq. do. Duleek, Francis Moore, do. do.
?
Philip Pendleton, esq. do. Mooretown, co. Louth, Pat. Skelly, do. do.
Robert Pollock, of Drogheda, esq. freeman, John Leigh, esq. freeman,
Mr. James Jones, of do. do. Rev. Wm. Sheer Hamilton, C. Meath, freeholder,
Henry Coddington, jun. esq. Oldbridge, do. Mr. Pat Pentony, of Drogheda, do.
?
William Pemberton, Dublin, esq. do. Pat. M'Gough, of do. do.
Mr. John Ruxton, Drogheda, carpenter, do. Patrick Gernon, esq. of do. do.
John William Foster, esq. Drogheda, do. Mr. William Skelly, of do. merchant, do.
Mr. Thomas Latimer, do. do. Mr. Thomas Magrane, of do. do.
?
Rev. Alexander Lindsey, do. do. Pat. Brenan, of do. do.
Mr. Samuel Jepson, do. do. Edward Tisdal, of do. esq. freeman,
George Evans, esq. do. do. Mr. Anthony Bunton, of do. do.
Mr. John Wynne, of do. do.
Right Hon. John Foster, Speaker of the Hon. the House of
Commons, do. Rev. William Coddington, of do. do.
Hon Thomas Henry Foster, Col. of the Louth Militia, do. Mr. T. Cooke, of do freeholder,
Rev. Walter Blake Kirwan, of Dublin, do. Mr. Francis O'Ferrai, merchant, of do. do.
William Atkinson, of Aughnacloy, esq. do. Mr. Philip Duffey, inn-keeper, of do. do.
?
Mr. Joseph Harpur, Drogheda Militia, do. J. Tiernan, tanner, of do. do.
? ?
Richard Brunker, do. do. John Comerford, grocer, of do. do.
? ?
William Latimer, do. do. Henry Skelly, tanner, of do. do.
? ?
John Tonge, do. do. James Kelly, chandler, do. do.
? ?
Thomas Brunker, do. do. John Stanley, do. do.
? Marks
John Seaton, of Dublin, esq. do. Tiernan, do. do.
?
John Edwards, of do. esq. do. Michael Duff, merchant, do.
Rev. Charles Crawford, of Drogheda, do. Isaac Norman, esq. freeman,
Ninian Roger, of do. esq. do. Mr. Charles Wynne, fh.
?
Oliver Fairtlough William, of do. esq. do. Patrick Mooney, do.
?
Anthony Adams Reilly, of Roebuck, esq. do. Peter Devin, do.
?
Mr. Henry Head, of Dublin, do. Robert Harrison, of Dublin, fm.
? ?
James M'Cartney, of Drogheda, do. Thomas Fisher, Drogheda Militia, do.
? Mr. Thomas of Drogheda,
John M'Cartney, of Dublin, do. Rowe, freeholder,
? ?
Edward Brunton, of Drogheda, do. Patrick Marron, merchant, of do. do.
? ?
Alexander Courtney, of Dublin, do. Laurence Brannan, of do. do.
? ?
Robert Parkinson, of do. do. George Bagnall, of do. do.
? ?
Edward Perry, of do. do. Laurence Reilly, merchant, of do. do.
Samuel Jones, of do. esq. do.
Mr. John Cain, of Drogheda, do. Total for Mr. Hardman, this Day,
?
Alexander Irwin, of do. do.
? do.
Edward Coil, of Dublin, Majority,
Mr. HARDMAN cannot express too warmly his Gratitude for the very flattering and decided Support which he
? and such aMajority as appears in his Favour, on this Day's
received from his Friends this Day. With such a Support
Poll, he cannot entertain a doubt of Success. ? Mr. Hardman earnestly entreats the early attendance, Tomorrow, of
such Friends as have not yet polled.
Wednesday Evening, March 14, 1798.
Two Drogheda Voters' Lists : 1798 and 1802 325
Mr. SMYTH presents his most grateful Acknowledgments for the honourable and respectable Support he received this
? From his Friends not having had sufficient Notice of the rapid demand for Tallies, a majority has accidentally
Day.
occurred against him on this Day's Poll; but he can ASSURE the Friends of the Independent Interest, that his remaining
? of his
Strength is such as to give him the strongest hopes of Success he has only to entreat the EARLY Attendance
Friends tomorrow.
March 14, 1798.
C. EVANS, PRINTER, DROGHEDA.
326 County Louth Archaeological and Historical Journal
Mr. HARDMAN has again to return his most grateful Acknowledgments to his Friends for their Attendance and
kind Support this Day. ? His Majority at the close of the Poll is so respectable as to render his Success certain. He had
hoped that the whole would have concluded this Evening, and have rendered it unnecessary for him to request that those
Friends who have not yet polled, would favour him with their attendance To-morrow Morning, at Ten o'Clock.
Thursday Evening, March 15, 1798.
Two Drogheda Voters' Lists : 1798 and 1802 327
For Mr. SMYTH ?
Andrew Boyd, do. carpenter, do.
Mr. Hugh M' Veigh, of Dublin, grocer, freeman. Bartholemew Parkington Van-Homrigh, esq. do. do.
?
J. M'Clean, of Drogheda, seedsman, do. Rev. Wm. Stewart, of Cork, do.
?
Austin Wynne, of Dowth, do. of Drogheda,
?
Henry Stewart, esq. do.
William Cook, of Dublin, hatter, do. Mr. Andrew Moore, do. do.
Mr. Henry Leland, of do. merchant, do. Mr. Joseph Carson, do. shoemaker, do.
?
Wm. Knight, of do. cabinet-maker, do. Rev. Wm. Marshall, Jane-Ville, do.
?
Thos. Richardson, of Drogh. mason, do. Harry Brabazon, esq. of Drogheda, do.
Mr. Edw. Richardson, of do. builder, do. Mr. William of Hurtle, do.
Simpson,
Mr. Richard ?
Siddall, of do. gent. do. John Stewart, of Drogheda, esq. do.
?
Lenard do. do. Thomas of Dublin,
?
Shortell, Ferguson, esq. do.
Mathew Ruxton, do. carpenter, do. Mr. George D. Ronan, of Wicklow,
? f.h.
William do. do. do. ?
Ruxton, Christopher Connor, of Drogheda, do.
?
Henry Folkes Ruxton, do. do. do. Blaney Balfour, esq. fm.
Adam Schoales, of Derry, esq. do. Mr. Thomas Willins, of Slane,//*.
Rev. Hen. W. Stewart, of Cork, do. Rev. Richard Fisher, of do. do.
Mr. Thomas Kelly, of Drogheda, freeholder, Mr. Robert Moore, of Killineer,
? fm.
John M'Cann, do. do. ?
Henry Moore, of do. do.
?
Geo. Potter, watch-maker, do. freeman. George Williams, of Dublin, esq. do.
?
Henry Smith, do. brazier, do. Rev. James Irwin, of Raphoe, esq. do.
?
James Crawford, do. taylor, do. George Ball, of Ball's Grove, esq. do.
Rev. James Forde, of Ballynahinch, do. Edward Ball, of Mount-Ball, esq. do.
James Forde, of do. esq. do. Mr. Edward A. Hamilton, of Drogheda, gent. do.
Mr. Joseph Rowil, of Drogheda, do. William
shoe-maker, Graham, esq. Maj. Meath militia, do.
?
John Chambers, do. shoemaker, do. William Ferguson, of Dublin, esq. do.
?
Simon Marry, do. freeholder, Mr. Thomas M'Evoy, of Black Bush,//z.
Mr. John Glover, do. stone cutter, fm. ?
John M'Evoy, do. do.
?
Hugh Glover, do. do. do.
Mr. SMYTH returns his sincere Thanks to his Friends, for their Exertions this Day in his favour ? and has no doubt,
notwithstanding the Majority now on the Poll Books, but by an early Attendance To-morrow Morning, and a
continuance of the same Exertion, that their Efforts will be crowned with Success. Thursday Evening, March 15, 1798.
C. EVANS, PRINTER, DROGHEDA.
A Correct LIST of the Freemen and Freeholders who voted on the late election for a BURGESS to serve in the
IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT, for the Town of Drogheda. Also, A List of such Freemen and Freeholders as DID NOT
Vote on that Occasion.
CANDIDATES :HENRY MEADE OGLE, and EDWARD HARDMAN, Esqrs.
Drogheda :Printed By Charles Evans. 1802.
Mr. Ogle was proposed by RALPH SMYTH, Esq. and seconded by HENRY SINGLETON, Esq.
Mr. HARDMAN was proposed by JOHN BALL, Esq. and seconded by RICHARD JEBB, Esq.
LIST of the Freemen and Freeholders who DID NOT Vote on the late Election.
Freeholders who registered on the 14th Jan. 1802, but were precluded from voting at this Election.
Mr. John Connolly,
Patrick Ladley,
John M* Guinness,
John Mathews,
Nicholas Butterly.
FINIS.