Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Biography of Hazrat Pir Fazal Ali Shah Qureshi Naqshbandi
Biography of Hazrat Pir Fazal Ali Shah Qureshi Naqshbandi
Biography of Hazrat Pir Fazal Ali Shah Qureshi Naqshbandi
Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................................................1
Biography.............................................................................................................................1
His Method (tarīqāh)............................................................................................................3
Miracles, Visions and Revelations.......................................................................................4
The Creed.............................................................................................................................5
His Sayings...........................................................................................................................6
Demise..................................................................................................................................6
Khulafā and Descendents.....................................................................................................7
His Spiritual Successor............................................................................................7
Some Other Deputies...............................................................................................7
His Descendants.......................................................................................................8
Poetry...................................................................................................................................8
Sources.................................................................................................................................9
Introduction
Hadrat khwāja pīr Fazal Alī Shāh Qureshī Abbāsī Naqshbandī Mujaddidī (1270-1354 AH) (1854-1935
CE), may Allah sanctify his soul, was the greatest shaykh of the Naqshbandi Sufi Order in colonial
India in the early 20th century. He was the king of all saints, the ghaus of his times, upholder of Sunnāh
and destroyer of Bid'āh.
He was called the pīr of scholars as his disciples included hundreds of Islamic scholars of high caliber
who bowed their foreheads in his high court to receive the divine blessings and spiritual guidance. He
was also known as the man of divine attraction (Jazbā wālā sāīn), as most of his companions and
visitors would often collapse and enter into ecstatic states in his presence.
Biography
He was born in Dāūd-khel (Pakistan) in 1270 AH/1854 CE. He was son of Murād Alī Shāh and was
from the Abbāsī line of the Quraish, hence called Qureshī.
He spent his childhood in Kālā-Bāgh where he received his education mainly from Mawlānā Qamr al-
The Creed
Hadrat Khwāja Qureshī followed the traditional Sunni Islam and acted upon the Hanafī fiqh. His creed
was the creed of his shaykhs i.e. the Mujaddidī saints specifically Imām Rabbānī Shaykh Ahmad
Sirhindī, as described in the Maktūbāt (epistles). He never followed or liked the later day innovations in
Sunni creed, aka. Deobandī and Barelvī, rather completely obeyed the original principles of the earlier
Sunni scholars and his shaykhs of the Mujaddidi order. He never practiced anything against their way.
He extremely loved the Messenger of Allah, may peace be upon him, his Sahābā and his Ahl al-Bayt
(family). But he condemned the deviated sects and always warned his disciples against the Shia,
pretending pīrs, fake sayyids and the selfish scholars.
But on the other hand, he never rejected anyone from his company due to their creed, cast or color.
Everyone was welcome at his noble khānqāh. Due to his miraculous spiritual powers, many people
from the deviated sects turned to the right path of traditional Sunni Islam. Many Wahhābī scholars who
were once extremists and disapproved the shaykh's tarīqāh, adopted the traditional Sunni beliefs by his
miraculous power. Indeed, this was one of the miracles of the shaykh that once the most fanatic anti-
Sufi scholars used to dance around him in ecstasy when they entered his noble company.
The shaykh himself once remarked, "Nowadays many Wahhābī scholars are my friends.
Alhamdu'lillāh, they have learned etiquette and have also benefited from zikr. They have adopted such
high manners that they walk barefoot in the Langar-Khānā (central kitchen) at Faqīrpur. And one day,
Maulvī Nazīr Ahmad Ahmadpurī was saying to Maulvī Bashīr Ahmad Ahmadpurī in the state of
ecstasy: come here O brother, until today we have tasted Wahhabism, now let's taste this sweet." [1]
He did not declare the Wahhābīs as non-believers, but regarded them as ill-mannered (Be-Adab) [3].
Hadrat Qureshī never hesitated to go to the madrasahs and mosques of Wahhābī and Deobandī people,
and sometimes went there to teach them the Qalbī zikr of the Naqshbandi Method and to guide them to
the right path. He did this in the most beautiful way that no one would object to him or his method.
Once he went to a masjid where large number of Ahl al-Hadīth people joined him, and he held the
Naqshbandi Murāqbāh of zikr. During the Murāqbāh, while reciting verses and poems, he had an
ecstatic state in which he began calling upon the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, directly and
loudly. Although this was in direct contradiction to their belief, none of them objected.
He also visited the famous madrasah of Deoband where he taught the zikr to the scholars and students
alike. During the Salāh, the Imām of the masjid did not use a turban in accordance with sunnāh. Hadrat
shaykh notified them that this noble sunnāh should not be abandoned in this center of Islamic learning.
The scholars of Deoband highly revered him, so much as Qārī Muhammad Tayyib once helped him
wear his shoes (as a symbol of reverence) [1].
He used to celebrate the Urs of his shaykhs annually and arranged an annual congregation at Faqīrpur
in this regard. This large gathering provided spiritual guidance and training to his followers and was a
means of much Fayd and blessings. This noble event was celebrated on every 22 nd Baisākh (second
month of the Hindu calendar) and was an occassion to remember the masters of the tarīqāh and to recite
Khatam for their spirits. After he established the noble khānqāh Miskeenpur and moved there, the Urs
His Sayings
He would often say:
“Pride and arrogance looted three homes: the sayyid, the scholar, the tribal chief,
They consider themselves great, but have forgotten The Greatest.”
The Shaykh was outspoken and would not hesitate to say the truth regardless of who he was speaking
to. Once he came to the Sabīl masjid in Delhi (where Mawlānā Abdul Ghafoor Madanī was the imam)
where hundreds of people including many scholars came to see his eminence. Many people there had a
habit of chewing Paan. The shaykh started watching them anxiously, from one corner to the other, and
finally he remarked: “In our area, women menstruate; but here the men (do), though from the mouth”
(referring to the red sliva typical of a Paan chewer). The people were so ashamed that many of them
pledged not to use the Paan from that day. [1]
He said to his faqīrs, do not listen to the speeches of common scholars whose hearts are ignorant of the
remembrance of Allah. Their company will destroy your good beliefs and practices. Only listen to
those scholars who have purified their Self with the company of perfected Awliyā and have adorned
their hearts with the zikr [7].
He said, if you wish to understand the Qurān then observe Taqwā. Taqwā is the name of leaving aside
all Harām, doubtful and unnecessary things [1].
Demise
Hadrat pīr Qureshī spent most of his time in missionary traveling, to spread the zikr and love of Allah.
In his last such journey, he was too weak to walk and was helped by the disciples to get to the vehicle.
He had a stroke attack during the journey and was escorted back to the noble Miskeenpur.
After remaining sick for about half a month, this light of the highest heavens and the sun of blessings
parted to the eternal world in the night before 1 st Ramadān 1354 AH, Thursday 28 November 1935,
after passing 81 noble years of his age. 2 His Janāzah prayer was led by mawlānā Hāfiz Karīm Bakhsh
[1].
“Indeed we belong to Allah and to Him we shall return!” [Quran 2:156]
Before his death, he had constructed a small cabin to be his final burial place. Once he called mawlānā
Abdul Ghaffār (Pīr Mithā) and his brother mawlānā Abdul Sattār (both his khulafā) in seclusion, and
told them about his will to be buried in that cabin. After his demise, he was buried in that place as
mawlānā Abdul Sattār was there who informed the people about his will.
1 Some biographers have mentioned this as an annual event, avoiding the word Urs. But Khwaja Qureshi himself has
mentioned the Urs to be celebrated on 22 Baisakh in a short letter written to a disciple.
2 Some count his age as 84, considering the Hijri calendar which is lunar.
His Descendants
Hadrat pīr Qureshī married to three women in different times, and had children from the first two. He
Poetry
Hadrat Pīr Qureshī wrote letters to his disciples, very few of them are available today. A few of his
poems are also available including a Naat and a Shajrā sharīf. One of his poems that guides a seeker to
the truth and the right path, is translated here [1].3
Translation of an Urdu poem
O my dear friends! This world is a mortal place,
Do not be occupied here, grave is the final place.
You came to do the service, but stuck in the worldly pleasures,
Your intellect went blind, how pitiful is your youth.
Don't waste your life in sins, do repent;
Where are your great grand parents? whose sign you are.
Don't make pride in your power, pomp, or property
You will leave behind of this world every entity
Do good, offer prayers, remember your lord each moment
As finally, every good of yours will benefit yourself.
Do not submit to Satan, neither disobey your lord,
Be a servant at the Prophet's door, if better you wish to hoard.
Be slave to the Sacred Law, refrain from sins my dear,
May the ruthless be in worse, the thief and the adulterer!
Make your rightful livelihood, be in full the light of Taqwa,
In Taqwa lies the betterment, it is the eternal wealth.
Get hold of a perfect Shaykh, initiation is also required,
Where else, except the Shaykh, can you find the rightful word?
Whose watching makes you remember God, that is the perfect Shaykh,
Who will remove the love of world? No one but the Shaykh.
Slave of the Sacred Law, having all the best virtues,
3 This is not an exact translation. Should be considered only a glimpse of his words.
Sources
1. Maqāmāt Fazaliā (Urdu) by Sayyid Zawwār Hussain Shāh, Zawwar Academy Publications, 3rd
edition, 2004 [www.maktabah.org/component/content/article/44/1843.html]
2. Sawāneh Hadrat Pīr Qureshī (Urdu) by Mawlānā Habīb ur-Rahmān Gabol Tāhirī, published on
www.islahulmuslimeen.org [http://www.islahulmuslimeen.org/urdu/books/pir_qureshi/]
3. Malfūzāt Ghaffāriā (Sindhi) by Muftī Abdur Rahmān Ghaffārī Allāhābādī, Idārat-ul-Ma'rifat,
2010 [www.islahulmuslimeen.org/urdu/books/books_sd.htm]
4. Four letters of Hadrat Pīr Qureshī, published on www.islahulmuslimeen.org
[http://urdu.islahulmuslimeen.org/urdu/articles/maktubat_fazali.htm]
5. Short biography in Urdu by Mukhtār Ahmad Khokhar, published in Attahir
[http://urdu.islahulmuslimeen.org/urdu/silsila/37.htm]
6. Tazkirat al-Khulafā al-Ghaffāriā (Sindhi) by Muhammad Karam-Allāh Ilāhī Naqshbandī,
Sha'aban 1431 AH [www.peerdilbar.com/books]
7. Malfūzāt Ghaffāriā (Sindhi) by Mawlānā Sa'd-Allah Soomro, published by Muhammad Karam-
Allāh Ilāhī Naqshbandī, Safar 1432 [www.peerdilbar.com/books]
The front view of the holy shrine of Hadrat Pīr Fazal Alī
Qureshī Naqshbandī