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WINSEM2021-22 STS2012 SS VL2021220500300 Reference Material I 25-01-2022 Coded Inequalities
WINSEM2021-22 STS2012 SS VL2021220500300 Reference Material I 25-01-2022 Coded Inequalities
WINSEM2021-22 STS2012 SS VL2021220500300 Reference Material I 25-01-2022 Coded Inequalities
HSEM4BTECHQA1119
36. A certain city has projected population of 1,86,624 in In problems on coded inequalities, operators are coded with
10 years from now. If its population increases some symbols. So we first need to decode it and then check the
geometrically at the rate of 20% every two years, what is conclusions.
the population right now?
Example of Coded Inequality in Reasoning
(a) 90000 (b) 36000
(c) 18000 (d) None of these Directions: In the following questions, the symbols δ, @, ©, %
and ⋆ are used with the following meaning as illustrated below.
37. Hari bought a new car and is slowly breaking it in by
increasing his mileage by a constant number of miles each ‘A © B’ means ‘A is not smaller than B’.
week. How many miles will he have to drive the car in the ‘A % B’ means ‘A is neither smaller than nor equal to B’.
11th week if he drove it 280 miles in the third week and ‘A ⋆ B’ means ‘A is neither greater than nor equal to B’.
400 miles in the sixth week? ‘A δ B’ means ‘A is not greater than B’.
(a) 560 (b) 680 (c) 720 (d) 600 ‘A @ B’ means ‘A is neither greater than nor smaller than B’.
38. Nandhini wants to host a party. She invites 3 friends and Now in each of the following questions assuming the given
told them to invite 3 of their friends. The 3 friends do statements to be true, find which of the four conclusions I, II, II
invite 3 others and asks each to invite 3 more people. The and IV given below them is/are definitely true and give your
invitation process goes on for 5 generations of invitations. answer accordingly.
Including herself, how many people can Nandhini expect
Statements:
at her party?
(a) 120 (b) 124 (c) 121 (d) 240 P δ T, T @ R, R © O, O % K
Conclusions:
39. In a library there are certain number of books and they
are stacked in layers on a shelf. Each layer of books has I. R@P
one less than the layer below it, if there are 20 books on II. R%P
the bottom layer and one on the top layer, how many III. K⋆T
books are stacked on the shelf? IV. OδT
(a) 210 (b) 120 (c) 420 (d) 105 (1) Only either I or II is true
40. A piece of equipment cost a certain factory Rs.600,000. If (2) Only III and IV are true
it depreciates in value, 15% the first year, 13.5 % the next (3) Only either I or II and III are true
year, 12% the third year and so on, what will be its value (4) Only either I or II and IV are true
at the end of 10 years, all percentages applying to the (5) Only either I or II and III and IV are true
original cost?
Follow the steps given below to simplify the process.
(a) Rs.2,00,000 (b) Rs.1,05,000
Steps Involved in Solving Coded Inequality in Reasoning
(c) Rs.4,05,000 (d) Rs.6,50,000
Step 1: Make Decoding Table
CODED INEQUALITIES The easiest method is to first make a table as shown below.
Now we know how to get the relation between two elements. So,
we can go ahead and solve Coded Inequality in Reasoning.
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Step 3: Start decoding symbols one by one. Then add decoded But we know from the combined statement that P ≤ R. Hence
operator into the table. either conclusion I or II has to be true as they form
Here symbols are: complementary pair.
© → not smaller than → means greater than or equal to → ‘≥’ TIP: Whenever there are 2 conclusions having the same 2
% → neither smaller than nor equal to → means greater than elements and both conclusions are false, always check for
→ ‘>’ complementary pair.
⋆ → neither greater than nor equal to → means smaller than Complementary means combining in such a way as to enhance
→ ‘<’ or emphasize the qualities of each other or another.
δ → not greater than → means smaller than or equal to → ‘≤’ Like, ‘<’, ‘>’ and ‘=’ form complementary pairs for any case. This
@ → neither greater than nor smaller than → means equal to is because there cannot be any relation other than these if these
→ ‘=’ three cases are included.
We will now use this decoding table to solve the actual Conclusion IV: O δ T → O ≤ T
questions Now from the combined statement we get, T = R ≥ O.
Step 4: Decode Statements using Decoding Table. According to priority, ≥ has more priority than =. So the final
relation between T and O will be T ≥ O.
Thus the conclusion is true.
So our final answer will be conclusion III, IV and either
conclusion I or conclusion II follows.
This trick will significantly reduce the time taken to solve
problems on coded inequality in reasoning sections of all
Statements: P δ T, T @ R, R © O, O % K competitive exams.
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(d) If both conclusion I and II follow. Directions for Q15 to Q19: In these questions, relationship
between different elements is shown in the statements. These
7. Statement: A < B = C, D > C = E statements are followed by two conclusions.
Conclusions: I. E≥A II. A < D Mark answer if
Directions for Q8 to Q10: In these questions, relationship (a) Only conclusion I follows.
between different elements is shown in the statements. These (b) Only conclusion II follows.
statements are followed by two conclusions. (c) Either conclusion I or II follows.
Give answer (d) Neither conclusion I nor II follows.
(a) if only conclusion I is true (e) Both conclusion I and II follow.
(b) if only conclusion II is true 15. Statement: P≥Q=R>S>T
(c) if either conclusion I or II is true Conclusion: I. P≥T II. T < Q
(d) if neither conclusion I nor II is true
16. Statement: L≤M<N>O≥P
(e) if both conclusions I and II are true
Conclusion: I. O<M II. P ≤ N
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