Ms. Krishally Joy O.

Patalinjug ||
BSPH-1101 Resonance Structure ORGANIC
Feb. 2022
CHEMISTRY LE
Transcribers: Juliah Aiza E. Balindong
Liceo de Cagayan University-Paseo de Rio Campus-College of Pharmacy

KEYWORDS

Resonance structure, formal charge, Resonance hybrid

Lewis Structure of O3 molecule:

Same
molecule
O3
Actual molecule is a RESONANCE HYBRID, an
average of the resonance structure.
- For molecule or polyatomic ion with a double bond next to
a single bond, we can convert the molecular formula - The actual molecule is a resonance hybrid e- pair
into more than one Lewis structure.
- In the case of ozone (O3), the molecule is shown more
correctly with two Lewis structures called RESONANCE
STRUCTURES (with two-headed resonance arrow ( )
between them).

RESONANCE STRUCTURES

- Have the same relative placement of atoms but Can you predict which among the structure is the more important
different locations of bonding and lone e- pairs. resonance form or the more contributor to resonance hybrid?

- To DETERMINING FORMAL CHARGE

convert one resonance form to another, simply move FORMAL CHARGE

Skeletal - Apparent electronic charge of each atom in a molecule

structure delocalization

- Resonance structures show electron-pair

delocalization (dash lines)
Sample Problem - In a resonance hybrid, two of the e- pairs (one bonding
Draw the resonance structures for the nitrate ion, NO3- and one lone pair) are delocalized.
Note: Lewis structure for a polyatomic ion is drawn in square
- Relates to the charge that it would have if bonding e
brackets with the ion charge outside the brackets. were equally shared
- Relates to the binding of the atoms in a molecule

Formula:

a lone pair to a bonding position and vice versa - - Formal Charge must sum to the actual charge on the
 species: → equals to the ionic charge for an ion
→ equals to zero (0) for a molecule

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[SUB] 1.01 TITLE OF LECTURE – Dr. Professor
3 Criteria to help us choose the more important resonance
structure:
1. Smaller formal charge (positive or negative) is
preferable to larger ones
2. The same nonzero formal charges on adjacent
atoms are not preferred
3. A more negative formal charge must reside on a
more EN atom

Does each atom in the resonance forms of NO3- in stable

binding?

Which among the structure is a more important resonance form?

Which is the more contributor to the resonance hybrid?

Oa= 6-(4+2)=0
Ob= 6-(6+1)=-1
Oc= 6-(6+1)=+1
N= 5-(0+4)=+1
-1
All of them are important contributor to resonance hybrid.

2. Then the resonance structure

3. Compute formal charge of each molecule

Steps on how to get the answer:

1. Get the Lewis Structure

4. Apply the 3 criteria to find the most important contributor

in resonance structure
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