Experiment No.

Title :- Study of different DBMS and E R Diagram.

Theory :-
Database Management System (DBMS) : It is a software for storing and retrieving users' data
while considering appropriate security measures. It consists of a group of programs which
manipulate the database. The DBMS accepts the request for data from an application and
instructs the operating system to provide the specific data. In large systems, a DBMS helps users
and other third-party software to store and retrieve data.

Types of DBMS :

1. Hierarchical DBMS : In a hierarchical database model, data is organized into a tree-like

structure. The data is stored in the form of a collection of fields where each field contains
only one value. The records are linked to each other via links into a parent-children
relationship. In a hierarchical database model, each child record has only one parent. A
parent can have multiple children. Example: IBM Information Management System
(IMS) and Windows Registry.

2. Network DBMS : It uses a network structure to create a relationship between entities.

Network databases are mainly used on large digital computers. Network databases are
hierarchical databases, but unlike hierarchical databases where one node can have a
single parent only, a network node can have a relationship with multiple entities. A
network database looks more like a cobweb or interconnected network of
records.Example: Integrated Data Store (IDS) and IDMS (Integrated Database
Management System).

3. Relational DBMS : In this the relationship between data is relational and data is stored
in tabular form of columns and rows. Each column if a table represents an attribute and
each row in a table represents a record. Each field in a table represents a data value.
Structured Query Language (SQL) is the language used to query RDBMS, including
inserting, updating, deleting, and searching records. Relational databases work on each
table that has a key field that uniquely indicates each row. These key fields can be used to
connect one table of data to another. Example: Oracle and SQL Server.
4. Object-oriented DBMS : In this model, data is stored in the form of objects. A structure
called class displays data within it. Object-oriented DBMS defines a database as a
collection of objects which stores both data members, values and operations. It provides
full-featured database programming capability while containing native language
compatibility such that it alters the database functionality to object programming
languages. Example: TORNADO and Gemstone.

5. Graph DBMS : Graph databases are NoSQL databases and it uses the graphical structure
for semantic queries. Data is stored in the form of nodes, edges, and properties in which
node is equivalent to a record, the edge is a link between two nodes and properties are
additional information added into the nodes. Example: Neo4j and Azure Cosmos DB.

6. E R Model DBMS : Entity-Relations Model Database was developed by Peter Chen

1976. Here, the ER model is applied as a database. Each row in the table represents one
instance of an object type, and each column in a table represents an attribute type.

7. Document DBMS : Document databases (DBs) are also a NoSQL database. It stores data
in the form of documents which are key values. Each document makes the relationship of
the data with other data elements and attributes. The specialty of NoSQL data storage is
that it provides a faster mechanism for storing and searching for documents. Example:
Hadoop / Hbase and Amazon SimpleDB.
 Entity Relationship Model for ‘Activity Synchronization’

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