Machine design Refresher (terms)

1. The maximum stress induced in a material when subjected to alternating or repeated

loading without causing failure.
 Ultimate strength
 Endurance limit
 Yield strength
 Rupture strength

2. The helix angle between for helical gears varies between:

 20 deg to 45 deg
 10 deg to 12 deg
 64 deg to 72 deg
 None of these

1. The ratio of the absolute angular speed of the last wheel or driven to the absolute angular
speed of the first wheel or driver.
 Train value
 Efficiency
 Speed ratio
 Mechanical advantage

2. Mechanisms that are derived from the same kinematic chain but have a different link
fixed to ground.
 Linkage
 Mechanism
 Kinematic chain
 Kinematic inversions

3. The minimum number of independent joint variables in a mechanism that must be

specified in order to completely define the mechanism's configuration.
 Degrees of freedom
 Kinematic chain
 Mobility
 Motion

4. A plate, cylinder, or other solid with a surface of contact so designed as to cause or

modify the motion of a second piece, or itself.
 Cam
 Roller
 Train
 Follower

5. The surfaces of contact between two pieces that have relative motion, one of which
supports or partially supports the other. One of the pieces may be stationary or both
pieces may be moving.
 Bearings
 Crank
 Collars & Keys
 Levers

6. It consists of a number of pairs of elements connected by links.

 Linkage
 Mechanism
 Kinematic chain
 Kinematic inversions

7. A combination of rigid bodies so arranged that the motion of one compels the motion of
the others, according to a law depending on the nature of the combination.
 Machine
 Mechanism
 Structure
 Frame

1. A type of transmission belt used with sheaves or groove pulleys and provides stronger
grip at short distance between shafts.
 Flat belt
 V-belt
 Toothed Belt
 None of these

2. belt is used when exposed to moisture, acids and alkalies.

 Chrome leather
 Oak-tanned leather
 Rubber belt
 Fabric and canvas belts

3. Very long center distance causes catenary tension in chain. To avoid this, consider a
maximum safe center distance of sprockets to be how many pitches?
 50
 60
 70
 80

4. The recommended center-to-center distance between sprockets should not be 1½

times the bigger sprocket.
 Less than
 Greater than
 Equal
 None of the above

5. For maximum in sprocket drive operation, it is ideal to choose 27 or more teeth.

 Quietness
 Power transmission
 Efficiency
 Speed

6. A type of thread used in aeronautical equipment and where very fine adjustment is
required.
 Unified National Course (UNC)
 Unified National Fine (UNF)
 Unified National Extra Fine (UNEF)
 Any of these

7. In a metric thread series M – 20 x 3 – 5g, g represents

 Nominal size
 Tolerance
 External thread
 Internal thread

8. In an American and Unified National Thread Series 2 – 6UNC – 1A – RH, 1A represents

.
 Wildest Tolerance & External Thread
 Normal Fit & Internal Thread
 Closest Fit & External Thread
 Wildest Tolerance & Internal Thread

9. Permanent keys made integral with the shaft and fitting into keyways broached into the
mating hub.
 Splines
 Keyway
 Saddle key
 Kennedy key

10. Tapered square keys with the diagonal dimension in a circumferential direction.
 Gib-head taper keys
 Flat keys
 Saddle key
 Kennedy key

1. A type of welding which utilizes the heat of the flame which is produced by combustion
of a gas. The most commonly used are acetylene, hydrogen and natural gas in
combination with oxygen.
 Electric Arc Welding
 Gas Welding
 Thermit Welding (TW)
 Electric Resistance Welding
2. Also known as flux shielded arc welding or stick welding. It forms the weld with a flux-
coated electrode, which is a rod or metal stick held in an electrode holder connected to a
power source. Electricity passes through the electrode and touches the base metal, while a
gas is formed by the flux that shields the electric arc between the metal being welded and
the electrode.
 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAC)
 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
 Flux-cored Arc Welding (FCAW)
 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)

3. A combination of rigid bodies so arranged that the motion of one compels the motion of
the others, according to a law depending on the nature of the combination.
 Machine
 Mechanism
 Structure
 Frame

4. A combination of resistant bodies so arranged that by their means the mechanical forces
of nature can be compelled to produce some effect or work accompanied with certain
determinate motions.
 Machine
 Mechanism
 Structure
 Frame

5. A pair of elements where surface contact exists between the two members.
 Higher pair
 Lower pair
 Inversion
 Elements
6. A pair where the elements do not enclose each other and the members are either in point
or line contact.
 Higher pair
 Lower pair
 Inversion
 Elements
7. The exchange of fixedness of an element with its partner where in any closed or lower
pair it does not affect either the absolute or the relative motion.
 Higher pair
 Lower pair
 Inversion of pairs
 Elements
8. An arm rotating or oscillating about an axis.
 Bearings
 Crank
 Collars & Keys
 Levers

9. In a slider-crank mechanism, the crank has a length equal to one-half of the slider's
displacement. The crank length is often called the _.
 Stroke
 Slider
 Bore
 Crank throw

10. Gruebler's Criterion computes the theoretical number of DOF in a mechanism. However,
the actual number of DOF in a mechanism is called .
 Degrees of freedom
 Kinematic chain
 Mobility
 Motion

11. A four-bar kinematic chain from which the shortest link is capable of making a complete
revolution relative to each of the three longer links. The three longer links can only
oscillate relative to each other.
 Grashof four bar kinematic chain
 Non-Grashof four bar kinematic chain
 Gruebler's criterion
 Degrees of freedom

12. A plane motion in which the body moves without rotation; that is, any line in the body
remains parallel to its initial position. Because all points in the body have the same
displacement, the motion of one point determines the motion of the entire body.
 General
 Rotation
 Retardation
 Translation

13. A plane motion in which a line in the body, called the axis, is fixed in space. Each point
not on the axis moves in a circle about the axis.
 General
 Rotation
 Retardation
 Translation
14. plane motion is the superposition of translation and rotation. A rolling disk is an
example of such motion: the disk is translating and rotating simultaneously.
 General
 Rotation
 Retardation
 Translation

15. When a particle is moving along a path which is also in motion, a compound
supplementary acceleration is considered. This acceleration is equal to twice the product
of the velocity of the particle relative to the path and the angular velocity of the path.
 Coriolis' Acceleration
 Tangential Acceleration
 Normal Acceleration
 Relative Acceleration

1. The rocker arm is used to actuate the inlet and exhaust valves motion as directed by the:
 Cam and follower
 Crankshaft
 Crank
 None of these

2. The length of the piston usually varies between:

 D and 1.5D
 2D and 2.5D
 1.5D and 2D
 2.5D and 3D

3. For high-speed engines, a rocker arm of should be used.

 Rectangular section
 T-section
 I-section
 Circular

4. Hooke 's law holds good up to:

 Yield point
 Plastic limit
 Elastic limit
 Breaking point
5. A localized compressive stress at the area of contact between two members is known as:
 Tensile stress
 Bearing stress
 Bending stress
 Shear stress

6. The stress in a bar when load is applied suddenly is as compared to the stress induced
due to gradually applied load.
 Same
 Three times
 Double
 Four times

7. In flat belt drive, the belt can be subjected to a maximum tension (T) and centrifugal
tension (Tc). The condition for transmission of maximum power is given by:
 T = Tc
 T = 3Tc
 T = 2Tc
 T = √3 Tc

8. The helix angle for single helical gears ranges from:

 10° to 15°
 20° to 35°
 15° to 20°
 35° to 50°

9. The root angle of bevel gear is equal to:

 Pitch angle – addendum angle
 Pitch angle + addendum angle
 Pitch angle – dedendum angle
 Pitch angle + dedendum angle

10. The crankshaft in an internal combustion engine

 Is a disc which reciprocates in a cylinder
 Is used to retain the working and guide the piston
 Converts reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion and vice versa
 None of the above
11. The ratio of linear stress to linear strain is called:
 Modulus of elasticity
 Bulk modulus
 Modulus of rigidity
 Poisson's ratio

12. In designing connecting rod, it is considered like for buckling about x-axis.
 Both ends fixed
 One end fixed and the other hinged
 Both ends hinged
 One fixed end and the other end free

13. The factor of safety for steel and for steady load is usually of what value?
 2
 6
 4
 8

14. The worm gears are widely used for transmitting power at velocity ratios between
non- intersecting shafts.
 High
 Low
 Medium
 Intermediate

15. The helix angle for double helical gears may be made up of up to:
 45°
 75°
 30°
 40°

16. When material is loaded within elastic limit, then the stress is to strain.
 Equal
 Inversely proportional
 Directly proportional
 Any of these
17. The power transmitted by means of a belt depends upon
 Velocity of the belt
 Tension under which the belt is placed on the pulleys
 Arc of contact between the belt and the smaller pulley
 All of the above

18. The modulus of elasticity for mild steel is approximately equal to:
 80 kN/m2
 110 kN/m2
 100 kN/m2
 210 kN/m2

19. The face angle of a bevel gear is equal to:

 Pitch angle – addendum angle
 Pitch angle + addendum angle
 Pitch angle – dedendum angle
 Pitch angle + dedendum angle

1. For maximum power, the velocity of the belt will be:

 √(T/m)
 √(T/2m)
 √(T/3m)
 √(2m/T)

2. The tension in the slack side of the belt is the tension in the tight side of the belt.
 Equal to
 Less than
 Greater than
 Exponential

3. In worm gears, the angle between the tangent to the thread helix on the pitch cylinder and
the plane normal to the axis of the worm is called:
 Pressure angle
 Helix angle
 Lead angle
 Friction angle

4. The centrifugal tension in the belt:

 Increases the power transmitted
 Has no effect on the power transmitted
 Decrease the power transmitted
 Is equal to the maximum tenson on the belt

5. The included angle for V-belt is usually of what value?

 10 deg to 20 deg
 30 deg to 40 deg
 20 deg to 30 deg
 60 deg to 80 deg

6. The strain energy stored in a body, when suddenly loaded is: the strain energy stored
when same load is applied gradually.
 Equal to
 Twice
 One-half
 Four times

7. The casting produced by forcing molten metal under pressure into permanent metal mold
is known as:
 Permanent mold casting
 Die casting
 Slush casting
 Centrifugal casting

8. The maximum energy that can be stored in a body due to external loading up to the
elastic limit.
 Resilience
 Strain energy
 Proof resilience
 Impact energy

9. If T is the actual number of teeth on a helical gear and φ is the helix angle for the teeth,
the format of the number of teeth is written as:
 Tsec3φ
 T/sec3φ
 Tsect2φ
 Tcscφ

10. When the belt is transmitting maximum power.

 Effective tension is equal to the centrifugal tension
 Effective tension is half of the centrifugal tension
 Driving tension in slack side is equal to the centrifugal tension
 Driving tension in tight side is twice the centrifugal tension

11. In helical gears, the distance between similar faces of adjacent teeth along a helix on the
pitch cylinders normal to the teeth, is called:
 Normal pitch
 Diametral pitch
 Axial pitch
 Module

12. Lewis equation in spur gear is applied:

 Only to the pinion
 Only to the gear
 To stronger of the pinion
 To weaker of the pinion or gear

13. V-Belts are usually used for which drive(s)?

 Long drives
 Long and short drives
 Short drives
 None of the above

14. The energy stored in a body when strained within elastic limit is called what?
 Resilience
 Strain energy
 Proof resilience
 Impact energy

15. The static tooth load should be the dynamic load.

 Less than
 Equal to Nite:
 Greater than static load = how much load it can
 All of these carry without breaking

Dynamic Load = is the load that

16. When bevel gears having equal teeth and equal pitch angles connect two shafts whose
axes intersect at right angle, they are known as:
 Angular bevel gears
 Internal bevel gears
 Crown bevel gears
 Mitre gears
1. Shafting up to 3 inches in diameter is usually made from cold rolled steel and the
common biggest diameter of cold rolled steel is
 4 ¼ inches
 6 7/8 inches
 6 ¾ inches
 5 inches

2. Iron based alloy containing 9-16% chromium

 Mn Hadfield steel
 Chrome-moly steel
 Stainless steel
 High chrome steel

3. The differential of the shear equation is which one of the following?

 Load on the beam
 Tensile strength of beam
 Bending moment of the beam
 Slope of the elastic curve

4. Distance measured perpendicular to the axis between the crest of the thread and the root
of its mating thread in a thread assembly of screws.
 Tolerance class
 Crest truncation
 Crest clearance
 Tolerance limit

5. Percentage of cut on the return stroke of hacksaw blade is:

 21%
 3%
 1%
 0%

6. Which of the following is not a viscoelastic material?

 Teflon
 Plastic
 All of these
 Metal
7. The material that can cut/wear hardest substance subjected to:
 Carbide
 Abrasive
 Tungsten
 Vanadium

8. How do you call the process of producing components by compacting and melting of
plastic material and continuously forcing it through an orifice hole?
 Blowing
 Injection Moulding
 Moulding
 Extrusion

9. It is ideal for maximum quietness in sprockets drive operation to choose or more teeth.
 24
 18
 27
 21

10. A vertically loaded beam, fixed at one end and simply supported at the other is
indeterminate to what degree?
 First
 Third
 Second
 Fourth

11. It is rigid piece which serves to transmit force from a piece another piece or to
cause/control motion.
 Follower
 Crank
 Cam motion
 Link

12. Aside from oxygen, what is the other commonly used gas in gas welding?
 Hydrogen
 Argon
 LPG
 Acetylene
13. In general, what are the effects of cold-working a metal?
 Increase strength and ductility
 Decreased strength and ductility
 Increased strength, decreased ductility
 Decreased strength, increased ductility

14. Cast iron flywheels are commonly designed with factor safety of:
 10 to 13
 10 to 12
 10 to 14
 8 to 13

15. Type of bolt commonly used in the construction that is threaded in both ends.
 Stud bolt
 Acme threaded bolts
 Hex bolt
 Square threaded bolts

16. Modulus of Resilience is:

 The same as the modulus of elasticity
 A measure of a material’s ability to store strain energy
 The reciprocal of the modulus of elasticity
 A measure of the deflection of a member

1. A thin-walled pressurized vessel consists of a right circular cylinder with flat ends.
Midway between the ends, the stress is greatest in what direction?
 Longitudinal
 Radial
 Circumferential
 At an angle of 45° to the longitudinal and circumferential direction

2. For acceptable ideal range of tightness which may result from the application of specific
combination of allowances and tolerances.
 Allowance limit
 Tolerance limit
 Interference
 Fit
3. In a chain drive design for large speed reduction, it is preferable to use a double reduction
or compound type of transmission instead of single two sprockets transmission. Drives
should type be so designed that the angle between two tight chain strands does not exceed
how many degrees?
 45
 60
 55
 90

4. The ratio of stress acting on an elastic substance to the decrease in volume per unit
volume.
 Bulk modulus
 Modulus of resilience
 Elastic limit
 Modulus of elasticity

5. The normal helix angles in helical gear are recommended in the range of degrees.
 Less than 18
 20 to 35
 15 to 25
 20 to 30

6. The ratio of a load-bearing force to the applied force for a lever is called what?
 Load factor
 Efficiency
 Mechanical advantage
 Influence factor

7. Of the following materials below, which of these is most widely used for die casting?
 Copper
 Lead
 Steel
 Zinc

8. The distance between the rivet center nearest each other in adjacent rows is called:
 Pitch
 Back pitch
 Margin
 Diagonal pitch
9. Which of the following is considered as major alloy in tool steel?
 Cr
 Fe
 Cobalt
 Mn

10. Which of the following phases of steel has a face-centered cubic structure?
 Ferrite
 Cementite
 Pearlite
 Austenite

11. The width of a tooth space exceeds the thickness of each of the engaging tooth on the
pitch circle.
 Allowance
 Bottom land
 Top land
 Backlash

12. How do you call the welding made along the edges of two parallel plates?
 Groove joint
 Fillet joint
 Edge joint
 Corner joint

1. A manganese steel containing approximately 0.20% carbon

 SAE 1320
 SAE 2340
 SAE 1230
 SAE 4230

2. The process of forming metal parts by the use of dies after the metal is heated to its
plastic range.
 Rolling
 Turning
 Forging
 Casting

3. Heating to some 100°F above the transformation range with subsequent cooling to below
 that range in still air at room temperature to produce uniform structure of the metal.
 Annealing
 Normalizing
 Hardening
 Tempering

4. The ability of metal to be deformed considerably without rupture.

 Ductility
 Malleability
 Plasticity
 Elasticity

5. The type of bolt intended for use in bolting wooden parts together or wood to metal. It
has a short portion of shank just underneath a round head, which is designed to keep the
bolt from turning in the wood when the nut is tightened.
 U-bolt
 Eye bolt
 Carriage bolt
 Stud bolt

6. The number of teeth per inch of pitch diameter and which gives some indications of the
size of the gear teeth.
 Module
 Diametral pitch
 Pitch circle
 Circular pitch

7. The angle made by the helix of the thread (in a straight thread) at the pitch diameter with
a plane perpendicular to the axis called:
 Angle of thread
 Truncation
 Lead angle
 Angle

8. The operation of cooling a heated piece of work rapidly by dipping it in water, brine or oil.
 Quenching
 Normalizing
 Tempering
 Annealing

9. The total permissible variation in the size of a dimension; the difference between the
limits of size.
 Allowance
 Variance
 Tolerance
 Interface

10. The process of checking or producing checkers on the surface of a piece by rolling
checkered depressions into the surface.
 Knurling
 Breading
 Hemming
 Embossing

11. Steel balls for ball bearings are manufactured by

 Turning
 Casting
 Rolling
 Cold heading

12. Joining metal by means of high current at low voltage. During the passage of current,
pressure by the electrodes produces a forge weld.
 Spot welding
 Steam welding
 Resistance welding
 Gas welding

1. A hand tool used to measure engine crank web deflections.

 Distortion gage
 Line center gage
 Feeler gage
 Deflection gage

2. A material that can wear away a substance softer than itself.

 Abrasive
 Tungsten
 Corrosive
 Alloy

3. A machine tool used to machine flat surfaces.

 Shaper
 Grinder
 Planer
 Lathe
4. A machine tool in which an abrasive wheel is used as a cutting tool to obtain a very sooth
finish.
 Broaching machine
 Tool grinder
 Planer
 Milling machine

5. A kind of gear used to transmit motion from one shaft to another shaft at an angle to the
first.
 Worm gear
 Helical gear
 Bevel gear
 Spur gear

6. A circle coinciding with a tangent to the bottom of the tooth spaces.

 Pitch circle
 Base circle
 Root circle
 Outside circle

7. A welding operation in which a non-ferrous filler metal melt at a temperature below that
of the metal joined but is heated above 450°C.
 Arc welding
 Spot welding
 Brazing
 Butt welding

8. The process of working metals by the application of sudden blows or by a steady pressure.
 Trimming
 Forging
 Welding
 Lancing

9. A property of material which relates the lateral strains to the longitudinal strain.
 Rigidity
 Poisson's ratio
 Elasticity
 Deflection

10. A coating material used to produce galvanized iron.

 Zirconium
  Aluminum
 Zinc
 Chromium

11. Ratio of pitch diameter to the number of teeth.

 Diametral pitch
 Contact ratio
 Module
 Helical overlap

12. The maximum stress to which a material can be subjected without a trace of any
permanent set remaining upon a complete withdrawal of the stress.
 Ultimate limit
 Endurance limit
 Proportional limit
 Elastic limit

13. A machining operation whereby the tool reciprocates and the feed is stationary is called
 Shaping
 Planning
 Reaming
 Turning

MACHINE DESIGN ASSESSMENT TERMS

Weld have been considered as resistance weld which is usually round in the same dorm as the
electrodes that press the sheets together – edge weld
Purpose of quenching steel – control hardness and ductility of a heated material
Does not affect the tensile strength of steel – phosphorus
Not a function of spring – source of potential energy
Soderberg criterion , the goodman criterion should be used with all of the following materials
except - aluminum
The process of checking or producing checkers on the surface of a piece by rolling checkered
depression into the surface – knurling
Vertically loaded beam, fixed at one end and simply supported at the other is indeterminate to –
2nd degree
Differential of the shear equation – load of the beam
Total frictional energy that is stored in the brake parts principally in the drum and disk is – 75% up
Percentage of cut on the return stroke of hacksaw blade – 0%
Recommended coefficient of fluctuation of flywheels for punching and shearing, pressing machine
– 0.005 – 0.1
Factor of safety for flywheel – 10 -13
Shafting up to 3 inches in diameter is usually made from cold rolled steel and the common biggest
diameter of cold rolled steel is – 5
Type of spring where thin strip wound up on itself as plane spiral, usually anchored at the inside
end – motor spring
Law that states “for a planar four bar linkage, the sum of the shortest link lengths if there is to be
a continuous relative motion between member – grashof’s law
Normal helix angles in helical gear is recommended in the range of – 15- 25 degrees
Acceptable idea lrange of tightness which may result from application of specific combination of
allowance and tolerance
A chain drive device for large speed reduction it is preferable to use a double reduction or
compound type of transmission instead of single two sprockets transmission, drives should be
type be a designed tha the angle between two tight strands does not exceed -45 degress
In the design of keys, the typical hub lengths are – 1.25 to 2.4 the shaft’s diamtere
Nitriding process – ammonia gas
Rivet holes are ually made – 1/16 larger in diamtere than a normal diameter
Widely used for die casting - zinc
Major alloy in steel – chromium
Lighest of all structural metals – magnesium
Distance between rivet center nearest each other – diagonal pitch
Economizer in water tube noiler is heated by – outgoing flue gas
Aircraft gas turbine at higher pressure ratio – 10-25
Regeneration also provides a convenient means of dearating the feedwater to prevent what-
voiler corrosion

Stirling cycle – compressible fluids

Receive heat partly by convection and partly by radiation – pendant superheater
Regenerative superheater is a storage type of heat exchanger having energy storage – matrix
Percentage of the turbine work output is required to operate the pump – 0.04%
Bypass ratio of the first commercial high pass ratio engines - 5