8000

UiTM Sg. Buloh

TYPE 3 - 4m

7000 RETAINING WALL DIMENSIONS

Wall height 5000 mm
Top wall thickness 200 mm
Bottom wall thickness 450 mm
Width of outer footing 3850 mm
6000 Width of inner footing 1500 mm
Total width of footing 5800 mm
Footing thickness 450 mm
Key Height 600 mm
Key Thickness 450 mm
5000
Dist.of outer edge footing to key 3850 mm
centre
SOIL PARAMETERS
Unit weight of soil, g 20 kN/m³
4000 Internal angle of friction, f 30 degree
Allowable Bearing Pressure 150 kN/m²
Coefficient of Friction 0.5

MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
3000
Concrete Cover 50 mm
Concrete Unit Weight, g 24 kN/m³
Concrete Grade, fcu 35 N/mm²
Steel Grade, fy 460 N/mm²
2000
EXTERNAL LOADS
Height of backill (Active) 5.00 m
Height of backill (Passive) 1.00 m
Surcharge 0.00 kN/m²
1000 Side Slope 1.5
Angle of slope of bank, b 33.7 degree
Coefficient of friction 0.58 degree

FACTOR OF SAFETY
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
1000

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Sliding 1.5
Overtuning 1.5
 0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

CHECK FOR STABILITY REQUIREMENTS

Requirements Factor of Safety Conditions Recommendations

Sliding 1.52 OK Satisfactory
Overturning 4.08 OK Satisfactory

Bearing Capacity Pressure Condition Recommendations

kN/m²
Maximum 60.8 OK Satisfactory
Minimum 50.0 OK Satisfactory

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

(I) Main Steel Bars

Location As required Bars Spacing As provided Shear Resistance Recommendations

(mm²) (mm) (mm) (mm²)
Wall 1965 20 150 2094 OK Adequate.
Inner footing 675 20 150 2094 OK Adequate.
Outer footing 1917 20 150 2094 OK Adequate.
Key 675 20 150 2094 OK Adequate.

(II) Secondary Steel Bars

Location As minimum Bars Spacing As provided Recommendations

( mm² ) ( mm ) ( mm ) (mm²)
Wall 675 12 150 754 As prov > As min. Adequate.
Inner footing 675 12 150 754 As prov > As min. Adequate.
Outer footing 675 12 150 754 As prov > As min. Adequate.
Key 675 12 150 754 As prov > As min. Adequate.
 UiTM Sg. Buloh Tarikh Design By Checked By
Reference

gc = 24.00 kN/m3
qall = 150.00 kN/m2 0.00

1.00
1
Hp = 1.80 kN/m2 0.20

2
Soil 1
c = -
m = 0.58
4.00 b = 33.69
f = 30.00
5.00

wall gs = 20.00
Ka = 0.55
Kp = 1.81
FOSs = 1.50
FOSo = 1.50
passive
1.00

X soil X
0.45

A B C
0.60

nib

0.45 3.40 0.45 -1.4 2.9

3.85 1.50
5.80

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Description Force Lever Moment

Vertical Horizontal Arm Clockwise Anti C.Wise
(m)
Wall1 W1 24.00 4.200 100.800
Wall2 W1 1.25 4.017 5.021
Nib W2 6.48 0.225 1.458
Base W3 62.64 2.900 181.656
Surcharge W4 - 5.050 -
Soil 1 W5 150.00 5.050 757.500
Soil 2 W6 77.00 1.925 148.225
Sur. (Ka1 qs Ha) Ps - 2.725 6.48
Soil 1 (Ka1 gs 0.5Ha )
2
P1 136.42 1.817 247.83
Soil 2 (Ka1 gs 0.5Ha )
2
P2 18.01 2.150 38.73
SV 321.37 154.43 1,194.66 293.04

Soil 1(Ka1 gs 0.5Ha2) Pp1 48.84 - -

Stability Calculation

Sliding

Forces resisting sliding R = SV tanf + Pp

= 234.38 kN/m

FOS Fs = SV tanf + Pp
PA
= 1.52 > 1.50 OK

Overturning

Overturning Moment MO = 293.04 kNm/m

Resisting Moment MR = 1,194.66 kNm/m

FOT = Ms
Mo
= 4.08 > 1.50 OK

Vertical Pressure

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Width B = 5.80 m

Net Moment Z = 901.62 kNm

Vertical Forces = 321.37 kN

Distance x x = 2.81 m

Eccentricity e = 0.09 m < 0.97

Max. ground pressure Pmax = SV x 1 + 6e

B B
= 60.82 kN/m2 < 150 OK

Min. ground pressure Pmin = SV x 1 - 6e

A B
= 50.00 kN/m2 > 0 OK

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STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Cover = 50 mm fcu = 35 N/mm2

Assumption Bar f = 20 mm fy = 460 N/mm2
Bar f = 20 mm dw = 390 mm

(a) Wall

The pressure at the top of the wall (x-x)

Horizontal Shear Lever Arm Moment

(kN/m) (m) kNm/m
Upper layer pressure
Surcharge (Ka1 qs Ha)(cos b) P1 - 2.500 -
Soil 1(Ka1 gs 0.5Ha2)(cos b) P2 114.82 1.667 191.37
SPa 114.82 SMx-x 191.37

Ultimate Shear V = 172.23 kNm/m

Moment Mw = 287.05 kNm/m

1. Main and Secondary Reinforcement Bar

K = M
fcu bdw2
= 0.054 < 0.156 \ No. comp. reinf.
required.
z = dw x {0.5 +Ö0.25-k/0.9}
= 365.04 mm

As req = M
0.87 fy z
= 1,965 mm2/m

As min = 675 mm2/m

Provide steel at the near face Bar Size = 20 mm 1

(NF) Spacing = 150 mm c/c OK
As prov = 2094 mm /m 2

Spacing of secondary Bar Size = 12 mm 1

reinforcement Spacing = 150 mm OK
As prov = 754 mm /m 2

Provide steel at the front face Bar Size = 12 mm 1

(FF) Spacing = 150 mm c/c OK
As prov = 754 mm2/m

Shear stress at base of wall = 0.44

Allowable shear stress = 0.61 OK

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Cover = 50 mm fcu = 35 N/mm2

Assumption Bar f = 20 mm fy = 460 N/mm2
Bar f = 12 mm db = 390 mm

Base

Ws = 150.00 kN Wp Ws
Wba = 16.20 kN
Wbb = 41.58 kN b a
Wp = 77.00 kN
toe heel
Bb Ba
3.85 0.45 1.5

rmax rb ra rmin

50.00
52.80
60.82 53.64

Inner Footing

At point a Va = 1.5 [ Ws + Wba - rmin Ba - (ra - rmin) 0.5Ba ]

= 133.66 kN

Ma = 1.5 x (Ws+Wba-rminBa) Ba - ( [ra-rmin] 0.5Ba) Ba

2 3

= 101.03 kNm

K = M
fcu bdb2
= 0.019 < 0.156 \ No. comp. reinf.
required.
z = db x {0.5 +Ö0.25-k/0.9}
= 381.59 mm

As req = M
0.87 fy z
= 662 mm2/m

As min = 675 mm2/m

Provide steel at top Bar Size = 20 mm 1

face of the base Spacing = 150 mm c/c OK
As prov = 2094 mm2/m

Secondary steel Bar Size = 12 mm 1

Spacing = 150 mm c/c OK
As prov = 754 mm /m 2

Shear stress at base of wall, v = 0.34 N/mm²

Allowable shear stress, vc = 0.61 N/mm² > v OK

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Anchorage length required = 52 mm
= 100 mm

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Outer Footing

Moment at point b Vb = 1.5 [ rbBb + (rmax - rb) 0.5Bb - Wp - Wbb]

= 152.62 kN

Mb = 1.5 ( [rmax - rb] 0.5Bb) Bb + (rbBb - Wp - Wbb) Bb

3 2

= 280.49 kN

K = M
fcu bdb2
= 0.053 < 0.156 \ No. comp. reinf.
required.
z = db x {0.5 +Ö0.25-k/0.9}
= 365.65 mm

As req = M
0.87 fy z
= 1,917 mm2/m

As min = 675 mm2/m

Provide steel at Bar Size = 20 mm 1

bottom face of the Spacing = 150 mm c/c OK
base As prov = 2094 mm /m 2

Secondary steel Bar Size = 12 mm 1

Spacing = 150 mm c/c OK
As prov = 754 mm /m2

Shear stress at base of wall, v = 0.39 N/mm²

Allowable shear stress, vc = 0.61 N/mm² < v OK
Anchorage length required = 680 mm
= 700 mm

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Key

Cover = 50 mm fcu = 35 N/mm2

Assumption Bar f = 20 mm fy = 460 N/mm2
Bar f = 12 mm dn = 390 mm

Pressure at top of nib = 52.54 kN/m²

Pressure at bottom of nib = 74.28 kN/m²

Shear at face of wall, v = 57.07 kN

Moment at face of wall, M = 18.10 kNm

Diameter of main steel bar = 20 mm

Diameter of secondary steel bar = 12 mm

Ratio M/bd²fcu = 0.003 < 0.156 OK

Lever arm, z = 371 mm
Area of steel required, As.req = 122 mm²/m
Min. area of steel required, As.min = 675 mm²/m

Provide steel at face Bar Size = 20 mm 1

of the nib Spacing = 150 mm c/c OK
As prov = 2094 mm2/m

Secondary steel Bar Size = 12 mm 1

Spacing = 150 mm c/c OK
As prov = 754 mm /m2

Shear stress at base of wall, v = 0.15 N/mm²

Allowable shear stress, vc = 0.61 N/mm² > v OK
Anchorage length required = 680 mm
= 700 mm

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RETAINING WALL DIMENSIONS Passive Fill
Properties Dimension x
( mm ) a 0
Wall height 5000 b 500
Top wall thickness 200 c 4350
Bottom wall thickness 450 d
Width of outer footing 3850
Width of inner footing 1500
Total width of footing 5800
Footing thickness 450
Key Height 600
Key Thickness 450
Distance of outer edge 3850

EXTERNAL LOADS
Height of Angle of
Side Slope Surcharge
Pressure backfill slope of
(1:x) ( kN/m² )
(m) bank, b
Active 5.0 1.5 33.7 0.0
Passive 1.0
Passive Fill key Base Base
y x y x y x y
2550 a 4350 500 a 500 1100 a 4800 1550
2550 b 4350 1100 b 500 1550 b 4800 6100
2550 c 4800 1100 c 4350 1550 c 4600 6100
d 4800 500 d 4800 1550 d 4350 1550
e 4350 500 e 6300 1550 e 4800 1550
f 6300 1100 f
g 500 1100 g
 Passive Fill Passive Fill
x y x y
a 4800 6100 a 4800 6100
b 6300 6384 b 4800 6100
c 6450 6384 c 6300 6384
6300 6384