STUDENT RESEARCH

ST. ANTHONY MONTESSORI

Senior High School Department

UTILIZING KINETIC ENERGY SOURCE THROUGH ELECTROMAGNETISM

AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE NATURAL WORLD

A Research Proposal Presented to the Faculty

of
St. Anthony Montessori Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Strand

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum
for Senior High School

By
Leynes, Norvin, D.

September 2018
 STUDENT RESEARCH
ST. ANTHONY MONTESSORI
Senior High School Department

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

This chapter is consist of an overview and the background of the research study. This

area incorporates the problem and the issues together with the significance of the study. The

objectives of the study and proposition of the framework is also involve in this investigation.

Background of the Study

In today's time, creating ideas on how we can generate clean energy is crucial for

ensuring a better and more sustainable world. The discovery of electricity provided us a

sustainable life as it gets straightforward. Likewise, it has become a part of our modern life and

one cannot think of a world not having electricity. Moreover, it has many applications to our

daily lives as it power up our daily commodities. Therefore, utilizing kinetic energy source

through electromagnets is significant in lessening the impact of electrical energy generation to

our natural world.

There are several kinds of electronic gadgets available in this world of technologies for

making the life of people easier and faster. Most of them are very useful and fruitful. Electronic

gadgets are now very essential to our society today (Jumani,2011). Electricity is necessary for

our survival in a world depending on it. Almost of all of things, appliances, devices and

machineries uses electricity. Through electricity we can do things that we want. But every time

we use electricity it comes at a cost. Electricity usage is monitored through how many kilowatts

we use in an hour. In 2015, the world consumed 146,000 terawatt-hours (TWh) of primary

energy- more than 25 times more than in 1800 (Ritchie and Roser, 2016). The higher the

kilowatt per hour usage rating corresponds to a higher electric bill as longer usage of electric

devices and appliances uses more electricity.

 STUDENT RESEARCH
ST. ANTHONY MONTESSORI
Senior High School Department

The Earth is currently facing a lot of environmental concerns. Environmental problems

like global warming. Global warming is the current increase in temperature of the Earth's

surface (both land and water) as well as it's atmosphere. Average global temperature on Earth

has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880. Two-thirds of the warming has

occurred since 1975 (Hansen, J.R., 2010). In the Philippines, notably, the growth of the

country’s supply base supplemented the increase in demand with the growth of total installed

capacity at 14% from 18,765 MWh (2015) to 21,423 MWh (2016) majority coming from coal-

fired power plants. Among the three grids, Mindanao has the highest recorded growth in terms

of capacity at 31% from 2015-2016. From 2017-2025 a total of 5,068 MW committed projects

are expected to come online. The DOE is continuously encouraging investments in power

generation in view of the increasing peak demand which is expected to grow by more than triple

in 2040 (Department Of Energy, 2016). Hence, nuclear power plants has emissions that result

from combustion of fuels like: carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide

(SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), particulate matter (PM) and heavy metals such as mercury. All

combustion by products have negative effects on the environment and human health: CO ₂ is a

greenhouse gas, and it contributes to the greenhouse effect. SO₂ causes acid rain, which is

harmful to plants and to animals that live in water. SO ₂ also worsens respiratory illnesses and

heart diseases, particularly in children and the elderly. NO ₓ contribute to ground level ozone,

which irritates and damages the lungs. PM results in hazy conditions in cites and scenic areas,

and coupled with ozone, contributes to asthma and chronic bronchitis, especially in children and

the elderly. Very small, or fine PM, is also believed to cause emphysema and lung cancer. Heavy

metals such as mercury are hazardous to human and animal health.

Subsequently, coal is almost exclusively produced for electrical generation. Coal

production is often viewed as only a local environmental problem. Coal mining, particularly

surface mining, has both long-term and short-term effects on land, including dust, noise, and

water drainage/runoff. The earth's climate has suffered through many changes over time, with
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ST. ANTHONY MONTESSORI
Senior High School Department

events ranging from ice ages to warm, interglacial periods. In fact, 41% of the world's electricity

is currently fueled by coal, with usage expected to remain at similar levels over the next 30 years

(Benton, 2018). Coal mining is usually associated with the degradation of natural resources and

the destruction of habitat. This causes invasive species to occupy the area, thus posing a threat

to biodiversity. Huge quantities of waste material are produced by several mining activities in

the coal mining region. The method of waste disposal of mining affects land, water and air and

in turns the quality of life of the people in the adjacent areas (Goswami, 2015). This paper

throws lights on the burning issues of coal mines and its impact on the environment.
To solve the current issues about electricity generation, the researchers have come up

with an invention on how they can produce a clean, efficient and harm-free energy. Their

invention aims to promote a safer alternative than conventional energy sources that harms the

environment in many ways. This invention can also help in cutting electrical costs by preserving

energy. No fuel is needed in order for the invention to generate electricity as kinetic energy is the

source of power. It means that fuels like coal that is a pollutant when burned is not needed in

order for the invention to run. Similarly, it reduces electricity usage that leads to lower

electricity bill, we came up in constructing a very effective way to lessen the usage of

conventional energy or electricity coming from our providers. The researcher’s invention creates

a non-conventional energy from a magnet producing electricity through magnetic induction.

Similarly, their invention advocates clean, efficient and safe energy.

The researchers will construct an experiment in utilizing kinetic energy source through

electromagnets. They used electromagnet as a source of electric current instead of electricity

power coming from dreadful emissions of fossil fuels and coal power plants. Energy is what we

need for survival. It is one of the greatest technological innovations of mankind (Rallison, 2016).

In fast moving world with population increasing day by day, our conventional sources of energy

is lessening. As population rises, extensive usage of energy resulted in energy crisis for few

years. The researchers intends to overcome this problem by implementing of techniques for
 STUDENT RESEARCH
ST. ANTHONY MONTESSORI
Senior High School Department

optimal utilization of non-conventional sources of energy. Energy is wasted if kinetic energy is

not utilized. The energy generated from kinetic energy will be converted to mechanical and then

to electrical energy by means of a generator and will be stored to a battery. The energy that has

been saved can be used for powering commodities that are in need. With this arrangement, a lot

of energy that can be used as soon as there is a demand in the future. Despite there are many

ways of creating non-conventional or renewable energy from different sources. Those sources of

energy are just lying around with no use at all (Mishra, Kale, & Kamble, 2013). The researcher’s

invention will guarantee a waste free energy production as it uses kinetic energy from humans

who produces a lot of energy during locomotion.

There are sources of energy that is not only rapidly declining but also dangerous to us

and to nature itself. But with the use of magnets and their magnetic fields not only is it a safer

source of energy but also the abundance of magnets can last up to hundreds of years. This

research project aims to lessen environmental effect of greenhouse gas emissions from power

plants by using an alternative, chemical free, and smoke free energy generator. Creating an

energy from wasted energies such as kinetic energy that can provide us a more sustainable and

efficient life. This research would greatly help restoring the authentic form of our natural world.

As a being living in an unbalanced environment, all people needs to make an action to change

the world into a better place.

Statement of the Problem

This research intends to present utilizing kinetic energy source through

electromagnetism and its relevance to the natural world. This study will notably answer the

following questions:

1. How may the utility of electromagnets in producing electricity be measured in terms of:
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ST. ANTHONY MONTESSORI
Senior High School Department

1.1 ferromagnetism,
1.2 current,
1.3 mass; and
1.4 velocity?
2. How can kinetic energy be transformed into mechanical energy using ferromagnets?
3. What are the advantages of electric current output from electromagnetic stairs as an
alternative energy source?
4. What would be the significance of electric current output from electromagnetic stairs as
an alternative source in diminishing environmental problem?

Theoretical Framework

This diagram portrays the process of electromagnetic induction and how it produces

electric current from opposite poles of the magnetic field.

Electromagnetic Induction

Maxwell borrowed and extended ideas previously developed by several other scientists,

including Michael Faraday, William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), and Carl Friedrich Gauss.(Lekshmi

S. , 2010). Maxwell understood the significance of Faraday's work and realized that the speed of

an electromagnetic waves travelled at the speed of light. As a result, he was able to incorporate
 STUDENT RESEARCH
ST. ANTHONY MONTESSORI
Senior High School Department

light, magnetism and electricity into a single theory. He further concluded that light propagated

in electric and magnetic waves, which he believed would vibrate perpendicular to one another.

Following this discovery, Maxwell revised his papers and gathered the findings, eventually

publishing them together in his 1873 ‘Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism’. His

electromagnetic theory of light propagation eventually paved the way for a number of major

technological innovations.
Operational Framework

The diagram shows how the product will work and the essential parts for the function of

it.
Downward Force

stopper

Figure 1. Electromagnetic Stairs

battery

Each part have specific

rectifier
alternator
function. The alternator is responsible for the electricity generation.

When the alternator spins, it will create an electric current. The alternator will spin by the

downward kinetic energy motion from the step board. The kinetic energy will then be converted

to mechanical energy by specialized axel that rotates when pushed. The springs ensure that the

step board will go back to its original position and the stopper or barrier will stop the step board

going all the way down. The magnet and coils of copper wire inside the alternator will induce

electricity by a rotating magnetic field that induce alternate current. The alternate current will

be converted to direct current by a rectifier in order to be stored in a battery.

Hypotheses and Assumptions

 STUDENT RESEARCH
ST. ANTHONY MONTESSORI
Senior High School Department

According to Lekshmi S. (2010) “Electricity is one of the most important blessings that

science has given to mankind. It has also become a part of modern life and one cannot think of a

world without it. Electricity has many uses in our day to day life. The discovery of electricity

provided us a sustainable life as life gets straightforward.” In addition, reliable and sustainable

energy supply is critical to effective natural resource management, and it encompasses

functioning efficiency of energy resources as well as socio-economic and environmental impact

considerations. The complete reliance on fossil fuels is recognized as unsustainable throughout

the world, and this is due to, among others, the rapid declining of fossil fuel reserves and the

emission of significant quantities of greenhouse gases associated with their production and

combustion. This has resulted in escalating interest in research activities aiming to develop

alternative and somewhat environment friendly energy sources (Raheem, 2015). This hand-

made electromagnetic stairs will convey a energy and utilization of unused energy, the

researchers hypothesized:

H₁: Electromagnetic stairs will provide the community a lower electricity costs.
H₂: Electromagnetic stairs can make cleaner energy than other sources.
H₃: Renewable sources will be the choice of people rather than conventional

sources as it mitigate the effects of energy generation to our natural world.

Objectives of the Study

Based on the problem statements formulated. The student researchers intended to

achieve the following research objectives after the execution of the experiments.

1. Measure the utility of electromagnets in producing electricity in terms of

ferromagnetism, current, mass and velocity.
 STUDENT RESEARCH
ST. ANTHONY MONTESSORI
Senior High School Department

2. Convert kinetic energy into mechanical energy using ferromagnets.

3. Classify the advantages of electric current output from electromagnetic stairs as
an alternative energy source; and
4. Examine the significance of electric current output from electromagnetic stairs
as an alternative source in diminishing environmental problem.

Scope, Delimitation and Limitations

The study intends to execute an experimental device that serves as a future replacement

to conventional energy sources. It also aims to mitigate the effect of electricity generation to our

environment. In the middle of the production for the output, the researchers will use the

materials such as magnets, copper wires, battery as a storage, springs and wood planks as a step

board.
Since the target of the study is to build electricity from kinetic energy, the researchers did

not comprehend the study of they could only produce a prototype. Also they did not incorporate

the durability and maintenance of the product. Producing only the prototype will not show the

actual usage or commercially available features as it is an experimental product.

This research do not intend to produce all of the electricity in the grid. Instead, the vision

of the study is to produce energy that can contribute in increasing the electrical supply within

the grid, by utilization of kinetic energy in order to produce clean and renewable energy.

However, the goal of the study is to utilize the wasted energy of humans during locomotion to

provide clean energy that can support the present electrical grid but not produce or provide all

of the electricity in it.

Significance of the Study

 STUDENT RESEARCH
ST. ANTHONY MONTESSORI
Senior High School Department

The researchers conclude that this study is vital because of the new invention that

endeavor will create. The outcome of this study is demonstrated as helpful to the accompanying

individual and institutions:

For School Administration

The knowledge conferred in this study will serve as an opportunity in enhancing and

innovating the product offered. It will give benefits towards the school administration as the

product will cut the cost of electricity by harvesting free renewable energy and spare cash for

other amenities and help the environment. These papers can be a great help in the school

administration as one reference they can utilize.

For Students
Knowing the vision and objectives of the school can motivate them to contribute in the

mitigation of global warming by cooperating with the usage and implementation of clean and

free energy from their kinetic energy rather than kinetic energy being wasted. They will help

better insights of efficiency and innovation.

For Future Researchers
This study will serve as a guide and reference for the researchers who are undertaking

similar or familiar studies. The result of the study can help future researchers in pointing out the

strengths and weaknesses of their product and its qualities. Moreover, they may support this

study and come up with more establish study.

For the Electricity Consumers
The product of this study will benefit the society considering that electricity plays an

important role in the functioning of a society. The consumers will use the product in cutting

down the rate of their electricity cost and helping the environment by supporting an eco-friendly

electric generator. Their knowledge about the product will increase and at the same time,
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ST. ANTHONY MONTESSORI
Senior High School Department

helping other people by sharing knowledge. This research can support the lives of people in a

society.

Definition of Terms
Electricity -  is a form of energy that can be carried by wires and is used for heating and

lighting, and to provide power for machines (Collins, 2018).

Electromagnetism - is the branch of physics that deals with electricity and magnetism and

the interaction between them. It was first discovered in the 19th century and has extensive

application in today's world of physics (Harcourt, 2013)

Energy - is defined as the capacity of a physical system to perform work. However, it's

important to keep in mind that just because energy exists, that doesn't mean it's necessarily

available to do work (Jones, 2018).

Ferromagnetism - the phenomenon exhibited by substances, such as iron, that have relative

permeabilities much greater than unity and increasing magnetization with applied magnetizing

field (Harcourt, 2016).

Fossil fuel - an organic substance, as coal, petroleum, etc., found underground in deposits

formed in a previous geologic period and used as a source of energy (Harcourt, 2010).
Greenhouse gas - is a gas that absorbs infrared radiation (IR) and radiates heat in all

directions (Harcourt, 2013).

Kinetic energy - is the energy of motion, observable as the movement of an object, particle, or

set of particles (Rouse, 2007).

Natural world - The natural world is a huge part of the environment. It may seem like we live

entirely in a man-made world. Cities , towns, homes, schools, cars, road, and computers are all

made by man. But the natural world is all around us, all the time (Vurham, 2018).
Power plant - a plant, including engines, dynamos, etc., and the building or buildings

necessary for the generation of power, as electric or nuclear power (Harcourt, 2016).
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Senior High School Department

Renewable - elating to a natural resource, such as solar energy or wood, that is never used up

or that can be replaced by new growth (Harcourt, 2016).

Technology - is a body of knowledge devoted to creating tools, processing actions and the

extracting of materials (Ramey, 2013).

Utilize - to make pratical or worthwhile use of (Sons, 2012)