FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

Figures Of Speech Definition Examples

and Sound Devices

SIMILE An indirect comparison of The dangerous city looks like a sleeping

unlike objects with the use of tiger at midnight. & She is as innocent as an
"as" or "like". angel

METAPHOR A direct comparison of unlike An unknown island rich in natural resources

objects. is a pot of gold for the conquistadors.

PERSONIFICATION Non human objects are given The enchanting forest is drawing me close to
human qualities. her.

HYPERBOLE Exaggeration or OA The survivors of Typhoon Yolanda cried a

river during the turnover of theri newly-built
houses.

LITOTES Understatement using double You won't be sorry you joined us in this
negatives. nature trip.

METONYMY A substitute a word or group The Malacanang Palace shuts down mining
of words for an abstract idea. companies that do not follow environment
regulations.

SYNECDOCHE The substitute word is a part We need more hands to continue our
of the whole. advocacy on conservation of energy.

ONOMATOPOEIA The word suggests or imitates The boom of the loud explosion shocked and
the sound of something. terrified the quiet neighborhood.

OXYMORON Opposing words that are The country's production of nuclear weapons
placed side by side. was as open secret.

PARADOX A self - contradictory The child is father of the man.

statement that leaves (William Wordsworth)
something to think about.

EUPHEMISM An expression used for sugar Dumbledore told one of his lazy professors,
coating something rude, blun, "I will have to let you go". (A sugarcoat for
or offensive. tragic, firing someone who is not performing.)

IRONY The intended meaning is the What a beautiful weather! (The sky is dark,
opposite of what is stated. lightnings
striking, thunders are booming.)               

APOSTROPHE Addressing an absent or dead Death be not proud, though

person or a nonhuman entity some have called thee mighty and
 as if it can reply. dreadful, for, thou are not so. (John Donne)

Haiku
 Is a Japanese poem of poetry.
 Traditionally, the poem had a nature theme,
but these days they can be written about a variety of subjects.
 To write a haiku, you must understand syllables.
 A syllable is a part of a word that has one beat or sound.
Ex. pen
One beat = one syllable Ballpen
Two beats + two syllables

A haiku poem has three lines and follows a pattern of syllables.

The first line has five syllables 5
The second line has seven syllables 7
The third line has five syllables 5
A haiku poem doesn't rhyme

Ex. Peacefulness
- Calm as river
Tranquility in my heart
Blue summer skies reign

- Words in my head
Words that rule all my thoughts
Word of the week

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE MESSAGES

POSITIVE MESSAGES
- In safety signs are messages that give the viewer a sense of guidance on what are
allowed and required in a vicinity. These also give viewers directional instructions that
are oftentimes mandatory, especially what to do during emergency.
- As a whole, these are positive messages because if you follow these signs, your safety
is guaranteed or certain risks are avoided.

NEGATIVE MESSAGES
- In safety signs, on the contrary, express warnings, precautions, regulations, and
prohibitions. These messages tell you what you must not do.
- These signs are placed necessarily as an alarm to definite dangers, and if you do not
take heed, negative or unfavorable circumstances might arise, such as accidents or
injuries.

ELEMENTS OF POETRY
SPEAKER OR PERSONA
VERSE - a single line of poetry
STANZA - a group of lines in a poem
TONE - the poet attitude toward the subject, theme, or readers (Positive or negative)
RHYME SCHEME - the pattern of similar sounds
RHYTHM - the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables within a single line or verse
3rd Grading Period
Colonialism - The control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory,
or people.

PROPAGANDA - It is defined as "information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used

to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view." So, we can surmise that it is
used tol sway, influence, or manipulate people to advance a cause or an agenda.

BANDWAGON - This technique persuades others to do the same because it claims that the
majority does it.
- Exploits the human impulse to be a member of the winning team.
- Conjures an illusion that there is prevalent and popular support to convince the
undecided to join a particular objective.
- Isolates those who refuse to be part of the group to weaken opposition.

CARD STACKING - This technique highlights certain positive facts and fails to mention the
negative ones.
Glittering Generalities - This techniques uses words or phrases that are vague and general . It
intends to appeal to a person’s deeply held values and beliefs without providing any real facts or
data.

Testimonials - This technique makes use of a famous celebrity or an expert that supports a
certain view or uses a product to convince others to follow suit.
- Connects a respected and trustworthy person to the objective.
- Employs celebrity or popularity to endorse a product or an objective.
Plain Folks - This technique persuades a person by showing how many ordinary people like
himself/herself uses the product, or how a certain individual is one with the simple folks.
Name Calling - Employs damaging or discriminatory words to provoke suspicion and prejudice.
Makes use of verbal criticism of the target group’s leaders, values, and institutions to promote a
general aversion to the group.
Transfer - Identifies a revered symbol with the objective that is being forwarded. Uses or
associates a flag for a greater chance of earning widespread support.

Know the Difference!

- Fact: an actual thing that exists and is provable, observable, and measurable.
- Opinion: a personal belief or judgment that is no founded on proof or certainty.