2ND GRADING

Slope- Intercept form of a line & Two-point form

Two-Point Form
Any non-vertical line containing the points (x1,y;)
and (x2, Y2) has an equation:
y-Y1 =
X2 - X1

1) Give the equation of the line through each given pairs of points.
(3,5) & (2,4)
2) Give the equation of the line through each given pairs of points.
(-5,2) & (-6, 0)
3) Give the equation of the line through each given pairs of points.
(-2,4) & (2, 3)
4) Give the equation of the line through each given pairs of points.
(-1,2) & (0, 3)

Point-Slope Form
The equation of a
line through (x1, y1) m = -
with the slope m is 2/3
given by: and b
y- y1 = m (x – x1) Find the equation of =6
where x + the line that passes Find the equation of
x1 through the point (- the line that passes
2,1) and whose slope through the point (-
Point-Slope Form is ¾ 3x+4y= -2 3,4) and whose slope
Y-y,= m( x-x ) is 3/4. Write your
answer in standard
form
3x -4y=-25
Slope-Intercept Form
A non-vertical line
with the slope m and
y-intercept b has an
equation:
Find the equation of m = ¾ and b = -5
y = mx + b
the line that passes
m = slope through the point (2,-
b = y – intercept 3) and whose slope is
-3 Y= -3x+3

System of linear equation on two variables

SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS
Systems of linear Equations (Linear Systems)
-A group consisting of two or more linear equations in the same variables.
- Example

{3x+2 y=7
x −2 y =5
Equation 1 and 2

Solution to a system of linear Equations

-An odered pair (x, y) that satisfies or are solutions to each equation in the
system.

1) Verify if the ordered pair (2, -3) is a solution to the sytem x

+ y = -1
5x - 2y 16
2) Verify if the ordered pair (-4, -5) is a solution to the sytem
7x-3y -13
2x-y = -3
3) Verify if the ordered pair (3,7) is a solution to the sytem
x +y =10
4x + 2y =26
4) Verify if the ordered pair (2, -3 is a solution to the sytem
x +3y =-4
2x - y =7

Kind of system of linear equations in two variables

Kinds of system Relationship of Relationship of Number of Types of graph
slopes y-intercept solutions
Consistent and ≠ = or ≠ 1 Intersecting lines
independent
Consistent and = = Infinite Coinciding lines
dependent
Inconsistent = ≠ 0 Parallel lines
1) Determine the kind of system, number of solutions and the type of graph of the system.
4x - 8y = 1
8x - 4y =1
Solving linear equation with two variables using Substitution
Method
X=5y+17 = (7, -2) 3x + y=9= (2,3)
2x+3y=8 5x + 4y=22

2x -y=9 = (3, -3) 3y + 2x = 6 =(2,0)

X+3y= -6 5y -2x=10

Y=3/4 x-3 -5x + 2y = 16 = (y=8)

3x-4y=12 2x + 3y = 24 = (x = 0)

8x+y=6
8x+y=1

x+y=-1 = (2, -3)

5x-2y=16

Solving linears equation with two variables using

Elimanation Method
3x – 4y= - 6 x=2
2x + 4y= 16 y=3

3x + 2y= 24 x= 198/21
x+ 3y = 3 y= -15/7

2x + 3y = -1 x=3
3x + 4y = 0 y=4
 Linear Inequalities in two variables
A Linear Inequalities in two variables such as y> x-2, can be formed by replacing the equals
sign in a linear equation with an Inequality symbol.
Let's Go Back!

Inequality Symbol
Greater than > Greater than or equal to ≥
Less than < Less than or equal to ≤
Not equal to ≠

Graphing Linear Inequalities in two variables

Steps on how to graph linear inequalities
GRAPHING LINEAR INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES
Steps:
1) Rewrite the inequality as an equation and solve for the intercepts.
2) Plot and draw the boundary line; solid line inequality is either 2 or S and broken line (--) if
the inequality is < or >.
3) Decide which half-plane contains the solution set. Pick a test point that is on one side of
the boundary line. Use (0,0) if possible. Replace x and y in the inequality with the
coordinates of that point.
4) If the resulting inequality is TRUE, shade the side that contains the test point. If the
resulting inequality is FALSE, shade the other side of the boundary.

Graph 2x – y ≤ 4.
Find the x intercept x=2 (2.0) true
Find the y intercept y=-4 (0 -4)

Graph 3x + 2y ≥ -6
Find the x intercept x= -2 (-2,0) true
Find the y intercept y= -3 (0, -3)
Slope

 Measures how steep a line is. The higher the slope the steeper the line.
 The slope m of a nonvertical line passing through the two points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is
the ratio of the rise (change in y) to the run (change in x).
Pointers to Review

- Finding Slope
- Linear Equation with two variables (Determining the kind of system, number of solution
and type of graph)
- Slope Intercept Form
- Two Point Form Slope
- Point slope form and Slope intercept form using general equation
- Linear Equation in two variables algebraically (Solving using Substitution or Elimination
Method)
- Linear Inequalities
 3rd Grading
Relation & Function
RELATION

 Is a set of ordered pairs

{(1,1), (2, 3), (3, 5), (4, 7), (5, 9)}

 The set of all first coordinates is the domain (x), of the relation. The set of all second
coordinates is the range (y) of the relation.

Domain (x): {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Input

Range (y): {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} Output

REPRESENTATIONS OF RELATIONS
Aside from ordered pair, a RELATION can also be represented in three (3) different ways:
Ex: {(1,1), (2, 3), (3, 5), (4, 7), (5, 9)}
Table of Values

X Y
1 1
2 3
3 5
4 7
5 9

KINDS OF RELATIONS

one-to-one {(1,1), (2, 3), (з, 5), (4, 7), (5, 9)} walang nauulit
опe-to-many (1,1), (1, Э), (3, 5), (3, 7), (3, 9)} nauulit x
mапy-to-one ({1,1), (3, 1), (5, 1), (7, 5), (9, 5); nauulit y
Let's Try!
Graph and list the domain and range of each relation. Identify the kind of relation.
{(1,3), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6)}
Domain (x): one to many
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Range (y): many to one
{3, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Kind of relation:
many-to-one correspondence

FUNCTION
- Is a rule that pairs each element in one set, called the domain, with exactly one element
from as second set, called the range.
{(1,1), (2, 3), (3, 5), (4, 7), (5, 9)}

A = (1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 5), (4, 7), (5, 9}

A = (a, b), (b, d), (c, e), (c, e), (d, e}

Vertical Line test

To determine whether it represents a function. A graph in the xy-plane is a function if and only if
no vertical line intersects the graph in more than one point.

Not Function – hit 2 or more times

Function – 1 time only

Solving for the Function Notation

1) f(x) =5x+8, find f (3) f (3) = 23
2) f (x)= x2 + 5, find (-6) f (-6) = 41
3) f (x) = 2x -8, find f (x+2) f (x+2) = 2x-4
 Domain & Range of a Function
DOMAIN AND RANGE OFA FUNCTION GIVEN A GRAPH
In the previous lesson, you have learned how to find the domain and range of the relation.

The domain of the function is the set of all possible x-values (the independent variable) and the
range is the set of all possible values of y (the dependent variable).
Observe that the graph extends infinitely in both
directions. This means that the values of x can be the set
of real number. Similarly, the set of all possible values of y
is the set of all real number. -5 -4 -3-2-1
Domain: {x | x E R}
Range: {y | y E R}

Example:
Y = -x2 – 2x +3 D = d xlx ER
R = d yly ≥ 0
D= xlx ER
Upward =
R= yly 4 ≤ 4 GREATER THAN

D = d xlx ER
R = d yly ≤ 4 D= xl -3 ≤ x ≤ 3y
R= yl – 2 ≤ y ≤ 3

D= xl – l ≤ x ≤ 3
R= yl0 ≤ y ≤ 2
D= xl -3 ≤ x ≤ 3
R= yl 0 ≤ y ≤ 0

DOMAIN AND RANGE OF A FUNCTION GIVEN AN EQUATION

 1) f(x) = 2) f (x)
- 2x + = x2
4 +2
- Just look - J
at the u
exponent s
- If the exponent is one t look at the exponent
If the exponent is 2
3) F(x) √ x 4) + (x)= √ x+5
X+5 ≥ 0 D= xlx ≥ -5
X≥0 X+≥ -5 R= xlx ≥ 0
D= xlx ≥ 0
R= yly ≥ 0
5) + (x)= √ x+5
X+5 ≥ 0 D= xlx ≥ -5
X+≥ -5 R= xlx ≥ 0

Intercepts of a linear Function

Graphing Linear Equation Using Intercepts
GRAPHING A LINEAR FUNCTION USING THE INTERCEPT METHOD
The intercept is the point where the graph crosses the axes. If the graph crosses the x axis, it is
called x – intercept. If the graph crosses the y axis, it is called y – intercept.
f(x) = x + 5
y=x+5