WHAT DOES THE ILLUSTRATION TELL?

FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS!
Why do people communicate?
What might happen to the world if communication does not exist?
Why do miscommunication and misunderstanding happen?
COMMUNICATIO
N
MODELS
AT THE END OF THE SESSION, THE STUDENTS WILL BE
ABLE TO:

Discuss the importance of communication in society.

Explain the principles and processes of communication as embodied in the
communication models.
Relate the communication models to their experiences and apply them to
their communication processes.
 From the activity, how do you define
COMMUNICATION?

COMMUNICATION IS A PROCESS OF SHARING AND

CONVEYING MESSAGES OR INFORMATION FROM ONE
PERSON TO ANOTHER WITHIN AND ACROSS CHANNELS,
CONTEXTS, MEDIA, CULTURES FOR THE PURPOSE OF
UNDERSTANDING.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

Communication has the following elements:

Sender- the source of information, ideas, feelings or message.
Receiver- the individual who receives the message from the sender and reacts
on it.
Message- the information, ideas, or feelings the sender wants to share with the
receiver.
Channel- the means or medium through the message is transmitted (e.g. Spoken
channels (Face-to-face, telephone conversations); Written channels (newspaper,
letter)
Feedback- the response of the receiver to the message sent to him/her.
Why are the elements of communication essential?
 ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
• proposed by Aristotle before 300 B.C.
• speaker centered model as the speaker
has the most important role in it and is the
only one active.

• speaker’s role to deliver a speech and

INFLUENCE the audience through public
speaking
• ADJUST message according to audience and
occasions in order to achieve a particular effect
 FOR
EXAMPLE:

A politician (speaker) gives a speech to get votes from the civilians (audience) at the time of
election (occasion). The civilians only vote if they are influenced by the things the politician says
in his speech so the content must be very impressive to influence the mass and the speaker must
design the message very carefully.
The speech must be clear as well as the speaker must have a very good non-verbal
communication with the audience like eye contact. This example is a classic case of Aristotle
Model of Communication depicting all the elements in the model.
 SHANNON-WEAVER’S
Sender: the information source MODEL OF
Encoder: transmitter which converts the
message into signals
COMMUNICATION
Decoder: the reception place of the signal which
converts signals into messages

Receiver: the destination of the message from the

sender

Noise: the message are transferred from encoder to

decoder through channel. During this process the
message may be distracted or affected by physical
noise like horn sound, thunder and crowed noise, or
encoded signals may distract in the channel during
the transmission process which affect the
communication flow or the receiver may not receive
the correct message.
 SHANNON-WEAVER’S
MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
Also called the Telephone Model is specially designed to develop the
effective communication between sender and receiver. Also they find
factors which affect the communication process called “Noise”.

It tells us how message may sometimes get lost because of the noise, which
can be physical or psychological, and how we feedback is an essential
component of communication to ensure that the message is successfully
received.
 FOR
EXAMPLE:

A mother and a daughter are speaking on the phone; the grandchild constantly make noises, so the
daughter doesn’t seem to understand what the mother is telling, and the daughter is already quite
upset.
 OSGOOD-SCHRAMM
It is a Circular Model, so that MODEL OF
communication is something
circular in nature. COMMUNICATION
Encoder – Who does
encoding or Sends the
message (message
originates)

Decoder – Who receives

the message

Interpreter – Person
trying to understand
(analyses, perceive) or
interpret
 OSGOOD-SCHRAMM MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
• It can happen within our self or two people; each person acts as both sender and
receiver and hence use interpretation. It is simultaneously take place e.g.
encoding, interpret and decoding. From the message starting to ending, there is
an interpretation goes on. Based on this interpretation only the message is
received.

• It tells that message may succeed or fail based on the interpreter's

appreciation of the message. There are times when the sender and receiver may
apply different meanings to same message and this is termed "semantic noise".
(e.g. Technical Language, So certain words and phrases will cause you to deviate
from the actual meaning of the communication. When semantic noise takes place
decoding and interpretation becomes difficult and people get deviated from the
actual message.
FIELD OF EXPERIENCE

• for the message to reach the receiver, there

should be “commonness” between the source
and the receiver, (Wilbur Schramm)
• helps in determining whether a message would
be received at its destination in the manner
intended by the source.

• It tells that sender and receiver may sometimes

have no knowledge of each other's experience:
social background, beliefs, experiences, values,
and rules
 FOR
EXAMPLE:
 WHITE’S STAGES OF ORAL
COMMUNICATION

In White’s Stage of Oral

Communication the speaker is the originator
of the communication process and the
listener is mot passive reactor who does not
initiate communication. The communication
is repetitive, cyclic event but the dynamic
quality of interaction is not depicted, it is
also possible to begin at any of the stages.
 WHITE’S STAGES OF ORAL
COMMUNICATION

It suggests that it is possible to begin at any of the

stages. Since it is a circular model, it means that oral
communication is a continuous process with no real
beginning and ending.

The model tells that the speaker must also pay attention to
the listener's verbal and non-verbal cues.
 FOR
EXAMPLE:
QUESTIONS AND FEEDBACK?
It’s time to recap!
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
ACTIVITY!
• Make a digital poster slogan that showcases the idea presented in each of the
communication model.
•Give examples of communication taken from group chats, social media posts or videos
illustrating the communication models. Explain briefly each example.