Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region VI -Western Visayas
Division of Negros Occidental
LA CASTELLANA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH
Sitio Villacana, Brgy. Robles, La Castellana, Negros Occidental

GRADE 11
GENERAL MATHEMATICS

REPRESENTATIONS
OF FUNCTION &
PIECE-WISE
FUNCTION
QUARTER 1 | WEEK 1
(MODULE 1)
 Topic: Functions
Task Analysis:
A. Code: M11GM-Ia-1
B. Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lesson, student would be able
to represent real-life situations using functions, including
piece- wise function.

GUIDE cARD

Many real-life relations between two quantities expressed in the

form of equations are functions. To visualize these relationships, geometric
pictures called graphs are used. Modern technology provides us with
graphing utilities needed to draw these graphs as well as enhance man’s
knowledge of graphing techniques. Scientists and astronomers identify,
visualize and explore graphical patterns useful in analysing data about the
universe. Economists and businessmen draw mathematical models to find
curves of best fit. Generally, the use of functions and graphs is found in
every scientific and business activity.
In this module, you will learn on how to represent real-life situations
using functions, including piece- wise function. Let’s start!!!

Pair the given letters in the first column with its corresponding numbers in the
second column. Write each pair in a set of ordered pairs.

LETTERS NUMBERS
I 4
L 5
O 6
V 8
E 3
M 6
A 2
T 8
H 4

Show me your answers, now!!!

Ma’am, here are my answers.
Answers: (I, 4) (L, 5)
(O, 6) (V, 8)
(E, 3) (M, 6)
(A, 2) (T, 8)
(H, 4)

Very good! It seems that you are very familiar

with ordered pairs. Now, let’s take a look at the
conversation of these two opposing team.
 FUNCTIONS VS. RELATIONS

A relation is a set of A function is a set of

ordered pairs (x,y).
A relation is a rule that
relates or corresponds
values from a set of
values (called the
domain) to a second set
of values (called the
range).
ordered pairs (x,y) such that
no two ordered pairs have
the same x-value but
different y-values.
A function is a relation in
which each element in the
domain corresponds to
exactly one or unique
element in the range value.

RELATION
N

FUNCTION
“All functions are relations, but not all relations

are functions”.

Their conversation is all about functions and relations. In every

situation, there is always a mathematical function in which one
quantity corresponds to another quantity according to some
definite rule.

Functions can be represented in many ways. Here are the

discussions…
I. REPRESENTATIONS OF FUNCTIONS

A. Representation of Functions through Set of Ordered Pairs

Examples. Which of the following relations are functions?

f =｛(0,1), (2,3), (4,5), (6,7), (8,9)｝

g =｛(1,1), (1,2), (2,3), (4,4), (6,5)｝
m =｛(4,-3), (5,-3), (6,-3), (7,-3), (8,-3)｝
n =｛(6,7), (7,6), (8,9), (9,8)｝

Solution: The relations f, m, and n are functions because no two ordered pairs have the same
x-value but different y-values, while g is not a function because it has an x-value which is
repeated as ｛(1,1), (1,2), (2,3), (4,4), (6,5). The moment that x values are being repeated then
it is not a function.

B. Representation of Functions through Table of Values

Examples: x- values are

not repeated 0 is repeated

x 1 2 3 4 x 0 0 3 4
Function Not Function
y 2 4 6 8 y 2 4 6 8

1 is repeated
x- values are not repeated

x Y
x Y
1 0
Not Function 2 0
1 1 Function
3 1
1 2
4 2
C. Representation of Functions through Mapping Diagram or Arrow Diagram

Examples:
1. Domain Range 2. Domain Range

1 3
2 Not Function Function
2 4 9
3 5

2 is repeated or paired to 3 range values

Domain or x-values are not repeated

3. Domain Range

0 1
1 2 Function
2 3

Domain or x-values are not repeated

D. Representation of Functions through Graph

Vertical Line Test – it is used to test if the graph represents a function or not.
- a graph represents a function if and only if a vertical line intersects the graph
of a function at exactly 1 point.

Note: refers to Vertical Line Test

Examples:

Function Not Function

intersect at 1 point intersect at more than 1 point

Not Function Function

intersect at more than 1 point intersect at 1 point

Function Not Function

intersect at 1 point
intersect at more than 1 point

E. Representation of Functions in Real-life Situations

Functions can be used to model real life situations or scenarios. Here are the examples.

Example 1. Identify or give a function C that represents the amount of buying a certain brand of
sardines for ECQ if one can costs Php 17.00 and x refers to the number of sardines.
Solution: Let : C = amount
x = number of sardines
Php 17.00 = Fixed cost
Required: C(x) = ?
∴ Since each can costs Php 17, then the function is C(x) = 17x.

Example 2. Maripusa has an internet service which has currently a monthly access fee of Php 299.00
and a connection fee of Php 5.00 per hour. Represent her monthly cost as a function of
connection time.
Solution: Let A = the amount/ monthly charge
x = the number of hours spent on the internet in one month/connection time
Php 5.00 = additional connection fee per hour
Php 299.00 = Fixed Cost
Required: A(x) =?

∴ Since the fixed cost is Php 299.00 with an additional connection fee of Php 5.00 per hour, then the
function required is A(x) = 299 + 5x or A(x) = 5x + 299.
 Those are the different representations of functions; let us now
proceed with piece-wise functions.

II. PIECE-WISE FUNCTIONS

Some situations can only be described by two more than one formula, depending on the value of the
independent variable. Piece-wise functions are just what they are named: pieces of different functions (sub-
functions) all on one graph.

Example 1. A user is charged Php 300.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which includes 100 free text
messages. Messages in excess of 100 are charged Php 1.00 each. Represent the amount a
consumer pays each month as a function of the number of messages m sent in a month.

Solution. Let : A = amount

m = number of messages sent in a month
Php 1.00 = additional charge in excess of 100 text messages
Php 300.00 = Fixed Cost
Required: A(m) = ? but this time, it requires a certain condition
Conditions:
a. The plan includes free 100 So, if the usage is between 0 In symbol, the payment is
text messages per month. to 100 text messages there 300 only if 0 < m ≤ 100.
is no additional charge.
b. Text messages in excess of So, aside from the fixed In symbol, the payment is
100 are charged Php 1:00 each. cost of 300, there is an 300 + (m – 100) if m > 100.
additional cost of Php 1:00 (m – 100) is use to
for every excess in 100 text determine the excess in 100
messages. text messages.

A(m) represent the amount paid by the consumer each month which means that:
A(m) = 300 , if the usage is between 0 to 100 text messages (Condition a) and
A(m) = 300 + (m – 100), if the usage is more than 100 text messages (Condition b)

Combining these conditions into 1 function, we can create a piece-wise function as:

𝐴 (𝑚 ) = 300 , 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑚 ≤ 100

300 + (𝑚 − 100) , 𝑖𝑓 𝑚 > 100

Example 2. A jeepney ride at Bacolod City costs Php 8.00 for the first 4 kilometers, each additional
kilometer adds Php 1.00 to the fare. Use a piece-wise function to represent the jeepney fare (J) in terms
of the distance d in kilometers.

Solution. Let J = jeepney fare

d = distance in kilometres
Php 8.00 = Fixed Cost
Php 1. 00 = additional cost for each kilometre in excess of 4 kilometers
Required: J(d) = ? it has a certain condition that follows
Conditions:
a. Fixed Cost of Php 8.00 So, if the distance is In symbol, the payment is 8
covers a distance up to 4 between 0 to 4 kilometers only if 0 < d ≤ 4.
kilometers. there is no additional
charge.
b. Distance travelled for more So, aside from the fixed In symbol, the payment is 8
than 4 kilometers will have an cost of Php 8.00, there is an + (d – 4) if d > 4.
additional cost of Php 1:00 per additional cost of Php 1:00 (d – 4) is use to determine
kilometer per kilometer in excess of 4 the excess in 4 kilometers.
kilometers.

J(d) represent the jeepney fare paid by the passenger which means that:
J(d) = 8 , if the distance travelled is between 0 to 4 kilometers (Condition a) and
J(d) = 8 + (d – 4), if the distance travelled exceeds to 4 kilometers (Condition b)

Combining these conditions into 1 function, we can create a piece-wise function as:

𝐽 (𝑑 ) = 8 , 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑑 ≤ 4
8 + (𝑑 − 4) , 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 > 4

Do you understand everything?

Yes Ma,am!!!

Let us recall what you have learned!

What are the different representations of
functions? How do we determine if the
given representation is a function or not?

The different representations of functions are:

A. Functions as Set of Ordered Pairs in which you just have to
look for x-values, the moment that it is not repeated, then the
given is a function.
B. Functions as Table of Values the same with set of ordered
pairs, the moment that x- values are not repeated then it is a
function.
C. Functions Through Mapping Diagram or Arrow Diagram in
which the domain/x-values are paired uniquely to range/y-
values. Again, there is no repetition of pairing x-values too.
D. Functions as Graph in which a Vertical Line Test is needed,
the moment that the Vertical Line touches the graph at more than
1 point, then the graph is not a function.
E. Functions in Real-life situations, in which you just have to
relate one quantity into another and associate them with the use
of variables to better represent the relationship of these two
quantities. In other words, we will create its own formula based
on the situations given.
 Very good! How about piece-wise
functions?

Ma,am,based on my own understanding, piece-

wise functions are multiple sub-functions
connected by certain conditions. These conditions
help the given situation in relating two quantities,
thus making it as a function.

Exactly! You are indeed a keen observer. You

are now ready to answer the following activity.

activity
Activity 1. Word of the Day
Directions: Part I. Determine whether the following sets of ordered pairs are functions or not. Then form a
word using the letters that is found to be a function.

_________O=｛(-3,0), (-3,1), (-3,2), (-3,4)} ______G=｛(1,6), (2,6), (3,7), (1,7)}

_________A=｛(5,0), (6,1), (7,2), (8,4)}
_________S=｛(1,0), (2,0), (1,1), (2,1)}
_________D=｛(11,2), (2,11), (12,3), (3,12)}
_________B=｛(-5,6), (-5,7), (5,8), (5,9)}
_________R=｛(5,6), (5,6), (5,7), (5,7)}
_________P=｛(10,20), (30,40), (50,60), (70,80)}
______M=｛(5,-10), (-5,10), (20,5), (-20,5)}
______N=｛(-1,-1), (-2,-2), (-3,-3), (-4,-4)
______U=｛(1,3), (4,3), (1,2), (4,2)}
______I=｛(4,5), (5,5), (-4,5), (-5,5)}
______E=｛(0,11), (1,11), (2,11), (3,11)
______C=｛(9,9), (99,99), (999,999)

Activity 2. Pacman’s Adventure in Worldly Ghosts

Directions. Help Pacman identifies each graph if it is a function or not. Let Pacman eats the gastly ghosts
along his way if the given graph is a function, if it is not a function, he will not eat any ghost. Then,
count the number of ghosts according to its color at the end of his journey.

Start

No. of Ghosts eaten

= ______

= ______

= ______

= ______
 ASSESSMENT

A. Determine whether each relation represents a function.

1. {(2,3), (4,5), (6,6)}

2. {(4,6), (4,5), (5,6), (5,5)}
3.
x 4 4 4 4
y 4 8 12 6
4.

5. Given the situation below, represent using a function.

A videoke machine can be rented for Php 2,000.00 for three days, but for the fourth day
onwards, an additional cost of Php 500.00 per day is added. Represent the cost of renting a videoke
machine as a piecewise function of the number of days it is rented.

ENRICHMENT

The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is Php 200.00 per head for 20
persons or less, Php 175.00 per head for 21 to 50 persons, and Php 150.00 per head for 51 to 100
persons. For 100 or more persons, the cost is at Php 125.00 per head. Represent the total cost as a
piecewise function of the number of party attendees and plot its graph.

REFERENCEs

Online References;
➢ Bad Piggies/Angry Birds Wiki/Fandom retrieved on June 1, 2020
➢ https://www.educationalworld.com-Functions-in-Real-World retrieved on June 1, 2020
➢ https://www.quora.com-What-are-the-applications-of-functions-in-real-life retrieved on
June 1, 2020
➢ https://www.uzinggo.com.algebra-1-Modeling-Real-Life-Situations-with-graphs-of-
functions retrieved on June 1, 2020
➢ https://www.ck12.org-algebra-Describe-situations-using-functions retrieved on June 1,
2020
➢ https://www.prezi.com-Real-life-application-of-function retrieved on June 1, 2020

Book References;
➢ General Mathematics, Oronce (2016). 1st edition. REX Book Store, Inc.
➢ General Mathematics Teaching Guide, pp.1-11,