CSE2001:Digital Assignmunt 1

NithyaAi RKV
20BLED524
HaHvand
1 Copane amd outtast betw wn Vonueman amd
AnchitectuM
Vow Neumann AnchitectuL:
is
Von NeUmanns digital owputer aHhitetulal deviqnwheL
babed on the Ontept o stbAed phoqham omputus
ADAMd in tut
pog tam data tinstiuton datad
at
was deigned by
t lanDu
Aame memony. Tuis anitechuu Numamh in 1945
Mgthemakicamomd pmidet Joh Von
Hahvand Andhitetue:
the wnupt
Hakvand Anthi tedtue's deiqn is based 0M
ieparate bukes.
whexl henL au epanate tolage omd to
iwthuhon data. It was lbayically'deseloped
ton Numand AHchitectu.
venOme tme botunek o Von

MAIN ME MORY SYSTEM MAIN MEMORY SYSTEM

INSTRUCTiON NSTRUCTION DATA

ApDRESS DATA/TNSTRUCTION ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS
CENTRAL PROLESSING UNIT CENTRAL PRoCESSING UNIT
OPERATIONAL ARTHMETIC OPERATIONAL ARITHMETIC
REGqISTERS REGLSTERS
AND AND
PROURAM LOGjIC DNIT PROGRAM LoGICVNIT
DUNTERS
CoUNTERS L
CONTROL UNIT CONTRDLPNIT

INPUT/ OUTpUT SYSTEM INPUT OUTpUT SVSTEM

VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE *HARVARD ARCHITECTURE

 VoN NEUMANN ARtHITECTURE HARVARD ARCHITECTURE
1 e
anunt wmpuken axchitecturel Tt is modean wmputer arhitetur
baed on progManM towp. concept. baned on Horvord Mark ulay baned
model.

Same pical memony addAn ia Sepaxate byvical memoy acdres

wed oinsthucions t data is med on itmutionu t data.
Tuen ia oMmon bu fon data Sepanake bunu am Used fos lata
etitautiontransfen stuion
Turo dock yeles am ntquistd to An insthu tim is eXeuuted in a

Ixewteinhtinatauthin mugtu d .

JtiA cweapek i t0et JE is toetlien tuan Von Numann

Anchitectu
CPU Canuot actM instauckima CPU CaM acel u t u i ons
Omd Had /wMte at tL áamt hme aad/wute at e sanme Hme

Jt aLd n pLMMOnal wmutersTt is wsed in muco cwntrdllerx

amd m all uo mputiM. amd kiqnal paOCOM ng

points on RlSC G CISC.

2] Highligh
0
o
RISCReductd Instruchion stt omputer] Cisc [complex indtHuction aet cown puter)
Have impu inwtucions taring about|Have owplex instuchmg that take up
oe todk ycd.T awerage dok yde multiple docki foa exeuutiom, The aweYage
pen im tukhon (CPI) is 1.5 CPI is in the nange 2 1 5
Penormama is optimised with mole |PenoYmame is optinuised with
with Dm0 AL
AL
euus on softwale oA on haMdwa
Mmt toimplmentE
It has no memoAy mit t s e 6epaak If has a muemony
handwau to inplement insthuctins. wmplux instrudctians.

has wultiple HLgistzr sats It has a ingle ngisten set.

It
vely lou exeution tinte is vy igh.
ELeuhm time is
Cowpkex addhevMing
mwde ake CISC alheady kuppO MS oplu
ynthenzed wnng
t Aoltwas. addeying "modu.

nawple : Alpha, ARC, ARM, AVR, exampo: Mystem/360,VAX, PDP-11,

MIPS ,PA -RISC , PlC, SPARC,
eto Mptorola 68bo0 fawidy, AMD, t
3 txplaan tu mngu pheciriom ormat fod oaing point no.

Omd give the adtnge Jon phigion amd iqnilitant.

RepAexent ts wunmbu 6.6625 in JEEE ihgit paucision formar
Singu prtusion s a for mat pmoposed by JE¬E Jor uphuenting
todting point nuumbeh.
J CCcupiu 32 bits in a wmputen mmony.
dthta 1is the
Jt wes3bitz koh exponent 2 3 toa Manisa.The
siqn bit.

8 bits 23bits

Sign Bit
exponent Mantis0

H' bias numbeh is 127. Range: 25 to 22

36.5625 100100), =36»«>0.1001), =0.5625)»

0.125 +1
2 36 o 0.5625x2
=0.250+0
218 0 0.125 X 2
0.250X 2 0.50 + 0
2 0.50 x 2 0.00 + 1
240
2 0 (36.5625)(100100. 100)
100I X25
100100.100l x 2° 1.001D0 =

I.001001DOI
Sign: 0 Exponent:5 Mantissa:
(NotNorrmalized)_
132
Adj usted expomnt Unadjmted -1 2 66
exponent 2133
5+2 216
- 5+127) 4
(132). =(100ot0o).
Manhssa: 1.001001o dDOD0O00000DO00
Normaizinq
= 0010010010000QOC0000000
0-T0000100 00100100o0000000000DOQ
APeakoAm bina point addi tion on 0.5)» ar(-0.4315)
oating
md Mpuent ml Auult in 32 bit aingle pneiim ormat

0.5 0IX2° =
1.000 X2 (Normalized)
0.5x 2 0.0 +1 =

- 0.4315= -0.0111 X2°= -1.llDx2 (Normaliztd) (0.5) 0.1),

-0.11|OX 2- 0.4315 X2 =0.8T5 +0
Adding mamtissa 0.875 X2 0.150+
0.150x 2 = 0.50+
1.000X +(-0.I1O X2') 0.5X2 0.0+1
= 0.0DI x2
0.4315).= o.011)
Nor malizing f.000 X2
LNutheaovetktow nor underfoo.
0.0001). = 0.0625)1o with exponent
No Aounding n u Mum its in 4 bi ts.
ign: 1(-veno) ¬xponent: -4 Mantina:'1 (Not normalizud)
Adiusting xponent: unadjw ted exponent + 3)-| 2231
= - 4 +21 61
2 30 0
=
(-4 +121) 1 215
(23) 2

=(01111OI1)2 3

NoAnmaluzing maniisa: 1 000 0000 0000 0000 0000- |0

-0000

000000000000DD0000 0 0000

1-01I |01--0000000000000000000
0000
.
5 Peaom multiplication OA
tue oltowing wnng mOdilied
Booths Algonithm
a) 7x(-14) =
378)0
M DI1OI (+27)
xIIO 0I0 (-14)
Y:0-I01-10 eoded mutiplier

Adding(+2xm)
a Bit '9hiftRight I I O 010
A dding (+1x M) +0DIOI
000 I0 10

Bit nit Mght 0000 0I OI10

+I10 olDI
Adding (-I XM)
I O O 0D OIId
Bit hikt night I I0 0 000IIO -318)
(b) 1) x (-5) 35)»
M: I00 (-1)
X o (-5)
Y: 0-10-1 HeOnded multiptier
Adding (-1xM) +00I
Bit nitt 00001I
Adding (-1xXm) +00I |
000 0
Bit Shit 000 0 oI(35)10
6T wlaite how Ated muboutins call Aturn methanivm
wOKA with muitabte illwstatiom.
A nested mmbioutine is a mboutine that Is calltd som
witin ome oMer ubrouhi ne.
Subhouhine nuting cam be carried out to my depttn.
Cventualy, thu last sub rouhine caled nApMteu itr computaton
Omd utu ona to he &ubroutine Hhat called it.
T h e turn addi nLded o tlsiAt utunm is tue laut
onL Qeneratad in tue wested call stqilonu, i.e. tu Auturn
add emes a qnerated md wmed in a Ast-in-kimt-out order.
Tis ugqests that te etum addremes amoiated with
ubrouhh calll MO uld be puhed outo a stack.
A paskiutal Megister is dèrignd a te atak pointer(sP)
to be waed in tlls 0peration
The SP points to a stask caled phocmor stack.
The tall' iutmuckion pusu tu wutentr o the PC duto t
pAocmor stack amd Loads tM ubroutine add into the
PC
Tue iutusht on pops tL Auturn
mhuYn
pAoMor statk into the Pc. addiM0m Hu
PC.
ubrouine 1F
Subroutine 2-

Return addrex
Suubroutine 3
Subrdutine 3

Ratum addrm
subrouine 2

Recturn addyex
Aubouhint 1
PAOCOYSOr Stak.
lhar ia Huu difHenenu between hubMoutine md inteupt
erviu houtine?
A MubAD utine iA callkd by a ind thuttion to peyom
pMoqnam
ÞhOQKam. A subroutiine
aunctim nlded by, thd callng
UA nA when w call0it. klhich idmplitud that we know whel
a ubroutine unS.
initiated by om went mun
(Is R) is
An interrupt- slwice Aouhne
dwale error. ns tuncti0n 1t
a om tnput opLAOtion oA a hai ram buny
be at al hmlaated to the pioh
pLAkoNmu may not
pxecuted at tWe fime of inteyrup ion.
ThelkoAe' iE0mvust not
thu data' oa stats infomation xelahng to that
alfect amy of Wihen & whele am ISE w l Mn/
pibg raM."lë do nDt know în tme cwde.
Kecuted. 7t tould happen anywhele
dectmal numbu
to 5 bit
tue following paiM of
8 Convent then add them.
s omplute "num bes, OtCwws In Lach caAe.
ndE oveslow
State whuther (oA)
) 4 t 11
1||00
4: 00100 2 ' s wmplement:

J1:01011 's wmp lumunt:10101

Addition: 1||00 4
+1010) dou not
Ovaktow Te ocuurt.
I000I
addttm o 2's wmplement,
Jn
pontive mos, yitldtd a pon Hve
umb&.

ü) -6 - 1 2
-6:11O10 Is tomplement:0010
-12: 10100 wmpwmplement: 01loo
Addition: 00110: -6
+01100 -12
OreUPlow dcurs.
I00lo ' In addi tiom u 2 comple nnent,
negahiv nos, yielded a positive
mtm bea