1 Aim of experiment

We are going to determine the Young's modulus of the material of a spring

by recording its time period of oscillation when loaded by a certain weight.

2 Apparatus required

a)A stand with clamp

b)A spring of the given material
c)Weights
d)Screw gauge
e Stop watch
f)Meter scale

3 Theory of experiment
When a spring is loaded with a certain mass,it oscillates in a
vertical plane.Suppose, a spring of radius R is made out of a wire of length
r.The mass hanging from the end be M.Force Mg exerts a couple tending to
twist the wire on the direction of arrow as shown in figure.N is the umber
of turns in the
spring
Then,the torque is given by:

T
Trnd
2NI

Depression r of end B is Re
Hence,
4TRNT
r=lR.

If,f is the restoring force due to the wire, then 7=f.R

Hence, equation of motion is given by:

M rn_ T
=-INR

This is a S.H.M where

2T 4MNR3

o,

= 4 4NR
Time periods vary with varying M.It is evident from the equation that,if we
plot an M vs. T graph, we will get a straight line as, the ratio M/T isa
constant.
5 Claculations
5.1 Table 1-Measuring radius of spring
As, circular scale zero coincides with linear scale zero , there would not be
any over-estimation or underestimation in circular scale.
1 linear scale readings100 circular scale readings=l mm
1 circular scale reading(Least count)=0.01 mim

| S.No.| L.S.R| C.S.R | Total len Mean dia | Mean rad

L(mm)C(mm) 1mm) mm) (mm)
13 13.72
13 5 3.85
13 13.78 13.78 6.89
13 30 13.80 |
13 82 13.82

where L.S.R is the Linear Scale Reading

C.S.R is the Circular Scale Reading
Total length=L+Cx0.01
mean radius=mean diameter/2

5.2 Table 2-Measuring radius of wire

Here again, the same arguments follow for the least count which comes out
to be 0.01 mm.Here, the circular scale zero in 3 divisions to the right of linear
Scalezero.So,there is always an underestimation of (3x0.01)mm=0.03mm
S.No L.S.RC.S.R App. dia. Real dia Mean dia | Mean rad
L(mm) C(mm) mm) (mm) (mm) 1mm)
41 1.41 1.44
39 1.39 1.42 1.43 0.72
41 1.41
1.44
5.3 Table 3-Measurement of time period (T)
S.No Weight | Time of 20 osc.
Time prd. Mean
gms N/m
1057 13.44 0.67 95.489x 10
2 1530 16.04 0.81 94.570x 10
1539 16.22 0.81 95.126x 10
1560 16.35 0.82 94.086x 10
1571 16.50 0.82 94.750x 10
2062 18.82 0.94 94.637x 10
2064 18.85 0.94 94.729x 10
2083 18.96 0.95 93.599x 10
2556 20.87 1.04 95.835x 10°

5.4 Measuring no. of turns of spring

Length of spring = 30.2 cm

Diameter of wire =

No. Lengthoj spring 302 2 1 1 turns

of turns(N)Diameterof
spring1.43
6 Result
So, the Young's modulus =94.758 x 10" N/m?