Circuit symbol Basic properties

VS+
The two basic configurations of operational The ideal operational amplifier has infinite
amplifiers are “inverting” and “non-inverting” input impedance ( ZIN = ∞ ), meaning that no
V+
current flows into either of its two inputs
Vout The elementary operational amplifier is a
V- 3-terminal device, with 2 inputs and 1 output, The ideal operational amplifier has zero
(excluding power connections) output impedance ( ZOUT = 0 )
VS-
One of the inputs is called the inverting The ideal operational amplifier has zero input
input, marked with a minus sign, the other offset voltage V1 = V2
input is the non-inverting Input, marked with
V+ a plus.
Vout
The output port can both sink and source
V-
either a voltage or a current

Op-amp configurations
Output: Voltage Output: Current

Input: V+ V+

Voltage VD Vout VD Iout

V- V-

VFA (Voltage Feedback Amplifier) OTA (Operational Transconductance Amplifier)

Input: VD Vout VD Iout

Current IN IN

CFA (Current Feedback Amplifier) Current Amplifier

Additional properties Key values of op-amps

Every op-amp has two inputs (+) and (-) and CFA: inverting input is low impedance, output Open Loop Gain: voL = Vout/Vin
one output. Generally, it detects the difference Vout is a low-impedance voltage source.
between the input voltages VD = V+ - V- Example: Common Mode Voltage: VCM = (V+ + V-)/2
Analog Devices AD8014ARTZ-REEL7
If V+ > V- then Vout increases, if V+ < V- then Common Mode Gain: vCM = ΔUout/VCM
Vout decreases. OTA: Both inputs high impedance, output high
impedance current source. Example: Common Mode Rejection Ratio: CMRR = 20 log(voL/ vCM)
v<0: inverting, v>0 non-inverting ON Semiconductor NE5517DR2G

VFA: V+ and V- are high impedance voltage Current amplifier: low impedance inverted
inputs, the output Vout behaves like a low current input, high impedance current output
impedance voltage source. Example:
Texas Instruments OPA2356-EP

Basic circuits
R2 R2 R2
R2 R2
Vout = -Vin ( ) Vout = Vin (1+ )
R1 R1
R1 R1
Vout VD Vout RL
Vin Vin Vin IA
R3

Vin Vout
R1

Voltage Follower Inverting Amplifier Non-inverting Amplifier Voltage/Current Converter

+V
R2 R1
Vout = R2• (- Iin)
R1
R3

I in Vout C1 R1
R2
V1 V2 Vout Vout R2
R3

R2 V1out V2in Vout

R4

Current/Voltage Converter Voltage Comparator Astable Multivibrator Flip-Flop

Operational amplifiers reference guide