HOT WATER SUPPLY

COMMON DOMESTIC SYSTEMS

USES OF HOT WATER
HOT WATER
W H AT D O W E T Y P I C A L LY U S E I T F O R ?

• Personal Hygiene
• Washing and Cleaning
• Comfort
• Drinking

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TYPES OF HOT
WATER SYSTEMS
 FR

HOT WATER
T Y P E S O F H O T W AT E R S Y S T E M S

• Decentralized
• Instantaneous / Tankless
• Semi-instantaneous / Tank-type
• Centralized

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 CENTRALIZED VS DECENTRALIZED

Centralized Decentralized
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INSTANTANEOUS
THERE ARE TWO TYPES

• Single point
• Multi point

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INSTANTANEOUS
H o w d o t h e y wo r k ?

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INSTANTANEOUS
SINGLE POINT

L AVATO R Y M O D E L SHOWER MODEL 9

INSTANTANEOUS
M U LT I P O I N T

The heater in this diagram serves the

lavatory and shower ( follow the red line) 10
SEMI-INSTANTANEOUS
A L S O K N O W N A S TA N K - T Y P E

• Similar to instantaneous
with the key difference of
this one having a small
storage of hot water on the
ready

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SEMI-INSTANTANEOUS
HOW DO THEY WORK?

• Water is stored in the mini-

tank and is heated by heating
the metal coil submerged
within the tank

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CENTRALIZED

• In this system, the whole

house or building can be
supplied with hot water,
and not just specific
individual fixtures.

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CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

1. Water heater
2. Thermostat
3. Piping
4. Circulating pump
5. Mixer
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CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
1 . WAT E R H E AT E R S

• A large tank with a heating

element for heating and
storing of water
• Gas
• Electric
• Solar
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CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
G A S WAT E R H E AT E R

• Powered by gas
• Heating element is similar
to gas stoves and ranges

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CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
E L E C T R I C WAT E R H E AT E R

• Powered by electricity
• Heating element is similar
to the semi-instantaneous
type.

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https://www.landmarkhw.com/
 CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
S O L A R WAT E R H E AT E R

CLOSE-COUPLED THERMOSIPHON SOLAR SPLIT

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CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
2 . T H E R M O S TAT

• Device for controlling and

regulating temperature in
water heaters.

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CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
3. PIPING

• Refer to Module 4 for

piping materials suitable
for hot water systems

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CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
4 . C I R C U L AT I N G P U M P

• A hot water recirculating

pump is installed on your
water heater, returning
unused hot water back to
the water heater. It is
designed to provide hot
water on demand.
https://www.tlcplumbing.com/ 21
CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
C I R C U L AT I N G P U M P

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CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
5 . M I X E R VA LV E S / FA U C E T S

• Is a valve or faucet that has

2 inlets (for hot and cold-
water intake) and 1 outlet
for temperature-controlled
water output.

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CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
5 . M I X E R VA LV E S / FA U C E T S

• There are also mixers that

have two separate knobs,
one for hot and one for
cold water intake.

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 CENTRALIZED VS DECENTRALIZED
W H I C H S Y S T E M TO C H O O S E ?

• There is no concrete answer as to what

system is the best as the deciding factors
vary largely by project or building.
• Detailed analysis must be done according to
project details and equipment specifications
in order to arrive at an informed decision.

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 CENTRALIZED VS DECENTRALIZED
W H I C H S Y S T E M TO C H O O S E ?

• GENERAL CONSENSUS:
• For buildings with very few plumbing
fixtures (houses/residences):
• Decentralized systems
• For large buildings with many more fixtures
that need hot water 24/7 (hotels/resorts):
• Centralized systems
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