Desk Guide - Ag and Food Careers in Pennsylvania - FINAL

Agriculture and Food Careers in Pennsylvania
An Overview
In light of demographic and technology trends that will impact the US workforce in
the next 10-20 years, particularly the Baby Boom workforce changing its
relationship to work and the constant changes in new technology, the human capital
pipeline in all industries will be severely impact. Companies will not only run out of
skilled people to operate technology but there will be more general labor shortages
of workers just to get basic tasks done. Skills and labor shortages become economic
development issues for local areas because they impact productivity and, in many
cases, can lead companies to move production facilities to other areas around the
country that can supply a pipeline of skilled workers.
For Pennsylvania, agriculture and food-related industries are the backbone of the
statewide economy. These industries employed nearly 500,000 people across the
Commonwealth in 2015 with a $40 billion value-added impact on the Pennsylvania
economy. Our workforce development efforts support the economic development
role of the PA Department of Agriculture on behalf of the state economy as well as
its business development responsibilities for the agriculture and food industries.
To remain competitive in the global marketplace, the agriculture and food industries
in PA must resolve the problem of an aging workforce…and do it soon. The
Secretary of Agriculture has proposed an initiative to identify a demand-driven
career pathway, to marshal substantial resources that already exist in a variety of
systems, to identify gaps in education and training, to focus on work-based learning
as methods to fill those gaps, and to account for the needs of young people and
adults as a way of finding a solution to the shortage of talent in the near and long-
term.
For the period from 2015 through 2025, the Department estimates that there will be
more than 75,000 new and replacement job openings in agriculture and food
careers in Pennsylvania.
Addressing this shortage can be accomplished using existing concepts and

processes. However, current information will need to be made more specific for the
agriculture and food industries through a study of the unique career pathways and
the requirements of employers in these targeted industries. There are also
considerable resources for education and training that can address the needs that
are identified but they will need to be supplemented by new content and processes
that account for the changing nature of these key industries.
As the PA Department of Agriculture moves into the project, we have collected a

wide variety of data from government and proprietary sources as well as direct
input from people in the Agriculture and Food Industries. We have recently
identified over twenty occupations where labor and skill shortages seem to exist
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and for which we are in the process of collecting detail from industry and the
education worlds.
This information will be brought to focus groups representing the Agriculture and
Food Industries so that employers can provide their insight on the importance of the
jobs and the gap that exists in filling the career highways for each. These
conversations will yield information for further dialogue with educators.
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Career Clusters and Occupations
Farming and Agricultural Operations
 Farm Manager
 Dairy Herdsman
 Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians
 Farmworkers-Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals
 Farmworkers and Laborers-Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse
Landscaping
 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Worker
Food Manufacturing
 Food Batchmakers
 Packaging Machine Operators
 Bakers
 Butchers
 Slaughters and Meat Packers
 Meat Trimmers
 Inspectors, Testers, Samplers, and Weighers
 Industrial Machinery Mechanics
 General Maintenance and Repair Workers
 Heavy and Tractor Trailer Truck Driver
 Forklift Driver
Forestry, Lumber, and Wood Products
 Fallers
 Logging Equipment Operator
 Sawing Machine Operator
 Team Assemblers
 Paper Goods Machine Operators
 Sales Representatives, not medical or scientific products
Conservation and Natural Resources
 Soil and Water Conservationists

 Agriculture Technician
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Animal Health and Veterinary Services
 Veterinarians
 Veterinary Technologists and Technicians
 Veterinary Assistants
 Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technician
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Understanding the Information on an Occupational Overview and Its Source
Summary statement comes directly from the O*Net profile.
Vital Statistics
 SOC is Standard Occupational Classification system from the Bureau of Labor

Statistics of the US Department of Labor. This is a hierarchical classification
system. Normally, a six-digit code is used.
 CIP is Classification of Instructional Programs from the US Department of
Education. The Center for Workforce Information and Analysis provides a
crosswalk from the SOC codes to the CIP codes in PA.
 Median Hourly Wage, 2015 Jobs, and Openings from 2015-2024 comes from
the Compatible O*Net Occupations report from Economic Modeling
Specialists International.
 WorkKeys is a product of ACT, a nationally-recognized career readiness
service which offers a database of expected levels in Applied Mathematics,
Locating Information, and Reading for Information for many occupations.
 Military Occupation Specialties (MOS) are descriptions of specific job
activities for enlisted personnel in the military branches.
 NCAE/AFNR are the national standards used by agricultural education
programs to inform curriculum developers of the expectations of employers
for people graduating from the program.
 Keystone refers to the Keystone Exams which are end-of-course assessments
designed to assess proficiency in the subject areas of Algebra I, Algebra II,
Geometry, Literature, English Composition, Biology, Chemistry, U.S. History,
World History, and Civics and Government. The Keystone Exams are one
component of Pennsylvania's new system of high school graduation
requirements. Keystone Exams will help school districts guide students
toward meeting state standards.
Duties, Knowledge, and Skills come directly off the O*Net Profile for the occupation.
Education, Training, and Certificates comes from several sources.
 The first line comes from the Compatible O*Net Occupations report that was
referenced above.
 Higher Education comes from Program Overview report of the Programs
module of EMSI.
 Related Career and Technical Education Programs comes from the listing
from the PA Department of Education of its technical programs around the
Commonwealth.
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Top Compatible Occupations comes from the Compatible O*Net Occupations report
referenced above. Each line include the SOC code of the other occupation; the % of
compatibility between the knowledge, skills, and abilities of the two jobs; and the
wage of the job being compared.
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Farming and Agricultural Operations
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Farm Manager
Plan, direct, or coordinate the management or operation of farms, ranches,

greenhouses, aquacultural operations, nurseries, timber tracts, or other agricultural
establishments. May hire, train, or supervise farm workers or contract for services
to carry out the day-to-day activities of the managed operation. May engage in or
supervise planting, cultivating, harvesting, financial, or marketing activities.
Related Job Titles: Accredited Farm Manager (AFM), Cash Crop Farmer, Dairy
Farmer, Farm Manager, Farm Operator, Farmer, Grain Farmer, Ranch Manager,
Rancher, Sow Farm Manager
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 11-9013.02
 CIP
o 01.0101 Agricultural Business and Management, General
o 01-0102 Agribusiness/Agricultural Business Operations
o 01-0104 Farm/Farm and Ranch Management
o 01.0199 Agricultural Business and Management, Other
o 01.0301 Agricultural Production Operations, General
o 01.0302 Animal/Livestock Husbandry and Production
o 01.0304 Crop Production
o 01.0306 Dairy Husbandry and Production
o 01.0307 Horse Husbandry/Equine Science and Management
o 01.0308 Agroecology and Sustainable Agriculture
o 01.0901 Animal Sciences, General
o 01.0902 Agriculture Animal Breeding
o 01.0903 Animal Health
o 01.0904 Animal Nutrition
o 01.0905 Dairy Science
o 01.0906 Livestock Management
o 01.0907 Poultry Science
o 01.1101 Plant Sciences, General
o 01.1102 Agronomy and Crop Science
o 01.9999 Agriculture, Agriculture Operations and Related
Sciences, Other
o 52.0101 Business/Commerce, General
o 52.0201 Business Administration and Management, General
o 52.0299 Business Administration, Management, and Operations,
Other
 Median Hourly Earnings: $32.72
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 2015 Jobs: 17,420
 Openings from 2015-2024: 2,950
 WorkKeys (AM-LI-RI): 5-5-4
 Military Occupation Specialty (MOS): None
 Program of Study: None
 NCAE/AFNR
o Agricultural Business Systems Pathway
 ABS.01.03. Devise and apply management skills to organize
and run an AFNR business in an efficient, legal and ethical
manner.
 ABS.01.01. Apply micro- and macroeconomic principles to plan
and manage inputs and outputs in an AFNR business.
 Keystone
o A1.1.1.4. Use estimation to solve problems.
o A1.2.1.2. Create, interpret, and/or use the equation, graph, or table of
a linear function.
o BIO.B.1.2. Explain how genetic information is inherited.
o BIO.B.2.4. Apply scientific thinking, processes, tools, and technologies
in the study of genetics.
o LIT.N.2.1.1. Make inferences and/or draw conclusions based on
analysis of a text.
o LIT.N.2.2.3. Explain, interpret, compare, describe, analyze, and/or
evaluate connections between texts.
o LIT.N.2.5.1. Differentiate between fact and opinion.
Duties
 Direct crop and/or animal production processes
 Monitor activities such as irrigation, chemical application, harvesting,
milking, breeding, and grading to ensure adherence to safety standards
 Maintain financial, operational, production, and/or employment records
 Inspect farm equipment to ensure proper functioning
 Evaluate marketing or sales alternative; prepare budgets and financial
reports
 Hire and train workers
Knowledge
 Food production
 Administration and management
 Production and processing
 Mathematics
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 Economics and accounting
 Mechanical
Skills
 Critical thinking
 Judgment and decision-making
 Speaking
 Coordination and monitoring
 Active listening
 Complex problem-solving
Education, Training, and Certificates

 38% have Bachelor’s degree, 27% have Post-Secondary Certificate, 30% have
a High School diploma or GED
 Higher Education
o Agricultural Business Operations
 Delaware Valley University, Doylestown, PA (Bachelor’s and
Master’s)
 Penn State University, College of Agricultural Science, State
College, PA (Bachelor’s)
o Animal Science
 Delaware Valley University, Doylestown, PA (Bachelor’s)
College, PA (Doctor, Masters, Bachelor’s)
o Dairy Science
o Other Animal Sciences
o Agronomy and Crop Science
o Plant Science and Integrated Pest Management
 High School Agriculture Programs
o General Agriculture (30)
o General Agricultural Production Operations (50)
o General Animal Sciences (7)
Top Compatible Occupations
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 First-Line Supervisors of Agricultural Crop and Horticulture Workers (45-
1011.07) (94%) ($25.22)
 First-Line Supervisor of Animal Husbandry and Animal Care Workers (45-
1011.08) (94%) ($25.22)
 Precision Agriculture Technicians (19-4099.02) (93%) ($22.47)
 Environmental Engineering Technicians (17-3025.00) (92%) ($22.12)
 Soil and Water Conservationist (19-1031) (91%) ($26.15)
 Food Scientist (19-1012) (90) ($30.35)
 Agricultural Equipment Operator (45-2091) (74%) ($14.00)
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Dairy Herdsman
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of animal husbandry or animal care

workers.
Related Job Titles: Animal Care Supervisor, Animal Caretaker Supervisor, Cattle
Manager, Dairy Farm Operations Manager, Dairy Manager, Farm Manager, Farm
Supervisor, Feed Manager, Herdsman, Sow Farm Manager
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 45-1011.08
 CIP
o 01-0104 Farm/Farm and Ranch Management
o 01.0199 Agricultural Business and Management, Other
 2015 Jobs: 1,117
 Openings from 2015-2024: 280
 WorkKeys; None
 Military Occupation Specialty (MOS)
o 68T Animal Care Specialist (Army-Enlisted)
 Program of Study
o None
 NCAE/AFNR
o Animal Systems Pathway
 AS.01.01. Evaluate the development and implications of animal
origin, domestication and distribution on production practices
and the environment.
 AS.02.01. Demonstrate management techniques that ensure
animal welfare.
 AS.03.01. Analyze the nutritional needs of animals.
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 Keystone
o A1.1.1.1. Compare and/or order any real numbers.
o A1.2.1.2. Create, interpret, and/or use the equation, graph, or table of
a linear function.
o BIO.A.3.2. Identify and describe how organisms obtain and transform
energy for their life processes.
o BIO.A.4.2. Explain mechanisms that permit organisms to maintain
biological balance between their internal and external environments.
o BIO.B.4.1. Identify and describe the cell structures involved in
transport of materials into, out of, and throughout a cell.
analysis of a text.
Duties
 Observe animals for signs of illness, injury, or unusual behavior
 Monitor animal care, maintenance, breeding, or packing and transfer
activities to ensure work is done correctly
 Train workers in animal care procedures, maintenance duties, and safety
precautions
 Treat animal illnesses or injuries, following experience of advice from
veterinarians
 Assign tasks such as feeding and treatment of animals and cleaning and
maintenance of animal quarters
Knowledge
 Biology
 Mechanical
 Education and training
 Food production
Skills
 Management of personnel resources
 Speaking
 Coordination
 Monitoring
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 52% have High School diploma, 29% have a Bachelor’s degree
o Agricultural Business Operations
 Delaware Valley University, Doylestown, PA (Bachelor’s and
Master’s)
o Animal Science
o Dairy Science
o Other Animal Sciences
o Veterinary and Animal Health Technology
 Great Lakes Institute of Technology, Erie, PA (Associate’s)
 Lancaster County Career and Technology Center, Lancaster, PA
(Associate’s)
 Vet Tech Institute, Pittsburgh (Associate’s)
 Sanford-Brown Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (Associate’s)
 Harcum College, Bryn Mawr, PA (Associate’s)
 Manor College, Jenkintown, PA (Associate’s)
 Johnson College, Scranton, PA (Associate’s)
 Lehigh Carbon Community College, Schnecksville, PA
(Associate’s)
 Northampton County Community College, Bethlehem, PA
(Associate’s)
 Wilson College (Bachelor’s)

 First-Line Supervisors of Crop and Horticulture Workers (45-1011.07)
(95%) ($25.22)
 First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers (51-1011)
(94%) ($27.39)
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 Food Service Managers (11-9051) (93%) ($19.63)
 Agricultural Inspectors (45-2011) (92%) ($25.33)
 Farm and Ranch Managers (11-9013.02) (92%) (14.18)
 Environmental Engineering Technicians (17-3025) (92%) ($22.12)
Videos
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qwf0mFqyoUo&list=PLirgxJFbtsml2Ak
2p3HhK7q2vsq1uyFRB&index=38
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Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians
Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul farm machinery and vehicles, such as tractors,
harvesters, dairy equipment, and irrigation systems.
Related Job Titles: Agricultural Mechanic, Agricultural Technician, Farm Equipment

Mechanic, Harvester Mechanic, Mechanic, Service Mechanic, Service Technician,
Shop Mechanic, Tractor Mechanic
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 49-3041
 CIP
o 01.0201 Agricultural Mechanization, General
o 01.0204 Agricultural Power Machinery Operation
o 01.0205 Agricultural Mechanics and Equipment, Machine
Technology
o 01.0299 Agricultural Mechanization, Other
o 47.0000 Mechanics and Repairers, General
o 47.0302 Heavy Equipment Maintenance Technology/Technician
o 47.0399 Heavy and Industrial Equipment Maintenance
Technologies, Other
o 47.0613 Medium, Heavy Vehicle and Truck
Technology/Technician
o 47.0699 Vehicle Maintenance and Repair Technologies, Other
o 47.9999 Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians, Other
 2015 Jobs: 923
o 91L Construction Equipment Repairer (Army-Enlisted)
o Agriculture Mechanization, General (01.0201)
 NCAE/AFNR
o Power, Structural, and Technical Systems Pathway
 PST.01.01. Apply physical science and engineering principles
to assess and select energy sources for AFNR power, structural
and technical systems.
 PST.01.03. Apply physical science principles to metal
fabrication using a variety of welding and cutting processes
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(e.g., SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, fuel-oxygen and plasma arc torch,
etc.).
 PST.02.01. Perform preventative maintenance and scheduled
service to maintain equipment, machinery and power units
used in AFNR settings.
 Keystone
o A1.2.3.2. Estimate or calculate to make predictions based on a circle,
line, bar graph, measure of central tendency, or other representation.
o A1.2.1.1. Analyze a set of data for the existence of a pattern and
represent the pattern algebraically and/or graphically.
o BIO.A.2.1. Describe how the unique properties of water support life on
Earth.
analysis of a text.
Duties
 Record details of repairs made and parts used
 Reassemble machines and equipment following repair, test operation, and
make adjustments as necessary
 Maintain, repair, and overhaul farm machinery and vehicles
 Examine and listen to equipment, read inspection reports, and confer with
customers to locate and diagnose malfunctions
 Dismantle defective machines for repair
 Test and replace electrical components
 Repair or replace defective parts; clean and lubricate parts; tune or overhaul
engines
Knowledge
 Mechanical
 Customer and personal service
 Computers and electronics
 Applied physics
Skills
 Troubleshooting and repair
 Quality control analysis
 Equipment selection
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 Operation monitoring

 56% have a High School diploma or GED
o General Agriculture Mechanization
 Penn State University, State College, PA (Bachelors)
o General Agriculture Mechanization (19)
 Related Career and Technical Education Programs
o Certificate in Automotive Mechanics (NATEF)
o Certificate in Diesel Equipment Technology (NATEF)
o Certificate in Heavy Equipment Operations and Maintenance (NCCER)
o Automotive Mechanics Technology (96)
o Medium/Heavy Vehicle and Truck Technology/Technician (32)
o Other Vehicle Maintenance and Repair Technologies (19)
o Construction/Heavy Equipment/Earthmoving Equipment Operation
(3)

 Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers (49-2092) (97%) ($18.97)
 Automotive Specialty Technicians (49-3023.02) (97%) ($16.23)
 Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists (49-3031) (97%)
($19.88)
 Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics (49-3042) (97%) ($22.41)
 Industrial Machinery Mechanic (49-9041) (94%) ($22.60)
 General Maintenance and Repair Worker (49-9071) (94%) ($17.94)
 Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics (49-3053)
(95%) ($14.30)
 Agricultural Equipment Operator (45-2091) (84%) ($14.00)
 Farm and Ranch Manager (11-9013.02)
Videos
 http://www.careerinfonet.org/occ_rep_vidpopup.asp?soccode=493041&mat
chVideo=49-3041.00
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Farmworker and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse
Manually plant, cultivate, and harvest vegetables, fruits, nuts and field crops. Use
hand tools, such as shovels, trowels, hoes, tampers, pruning hooks, shears, and
knives. Duties may include tilling soil and applying fertilizers; transplanting,
weeding, thinning, or pruning crops; applying pesticides; cleaning, packing, and
loading harvested products. May construct trellises, repair fences and farm
buildings, or participate in irrigation activities.
Related Job Titles: Farm Laborer, Farm Worker, Field Irrigation Worker, Field
Worker, Harvester, Hired Hand, Hoe Worker, Irrigator, Orchard Worker, Picker
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 45-2092
 CIP
o 01.0000 Agriculture, General
o 01.0399 Agricultural Production Operations, Other
o 01.0601 Applied Horticulture/Horticultural Operations, General
o 01.0603 Ornamental Horticulture
o 01.0604 Greenhouse Operations and Management
o 01.0606 Plant Nursery Operations and Management
o 01.1103 Horticultural Science
o 01.9999 Agriculture, Agriculture Operations and Related
Sciences, Other
 2015 Jobs: 12,191
 Openings from 2015-2025: 4,020
 WorkKeys: None
 NCAE/AFNR
o Plant Systems Pathway
 PS.01.02. Prepare and manage growing media for use in plant
systems.
 PS.01.03. Develop and implement a fertilization plan for
specific plants or crops.
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 PS.03.01. Demonstrate plant propagation techniques in plant
system activities.
 PS.03.05. Harvest, handle and store crops according to current
industry standards.
 Keystone
o ALG1.1.1.1 Represent and/or use numbers in equivalent forms (e.g.,
integers, fractions, decimals, percents, square roots, and exponents).
o ALG1.1.1.4 Use estimation strategies in problem‐solving situations.
o A1.2.3.2 Use data displays in problem solving settings and/or to make
predictions.
analysis of a text.
o BIO.A.1.2 Describe relationships between structure and function at
biological levels of organization.
o BIO.B.2.4 Apply scientific thinking, processes, tools, and technologies
o BIO.B.4.2 Describe interactions and relationships in an ecosystem.
Duties
 Operate tractors, tractor-drawn machinery, and self-propelled machinery to

plow, harrow and fertilize soil, or to plant, cultivate, spray and harvest crops.
 Repair and maintain farm vehicles, implements, and mechanical equipment.
 Harvest fruits and vegetables by hand.
 Apply pesticides, herbicides or fertilizers to crops.
 Inform farmers or farm managers of crop progress.
 Identify plants, pests, and weeds to determine the selection and application
of pesticides and fertilizers.
 Direct and monitor the work of casual and seasonal help during planting and
harvesting.
 Clear and maintain irrigation ditches.
 Record information about crops, such as pesticide use, yields, or costs.
 Dig and plant seeds, or transplant seedlings by hand.
 Repair farm buildings, fences, and other structures.
 Participate in the inspection, grading, sorting, storage, and post-harvest
treatment of crops.
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 Load agricultural products into trucks, and drive trucks to market or storage
facilities.
Knowledge
 No knowledge met the minimum score
Skills
 Operation and control

 Coordination
 Speaking
 19% have a High School diploma or GED, 80% have less than a High School
diploma
 Pourers and Casters (51-4052) (96%) ($16.98)

 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand (53-7062) (96%)
($13.33)
 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (37-3011) (95%) ($12.11)
 Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders (51-9111) (95%)
($15.77)
 Pipelayers (47-2151) (95%) ($17.81)
22
Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals
Attend to live farm, ranch, or aquacultural animals that may include cattle, sheep,
swine, goats, horses and other equines, poultry, finfish, shellfish, and bees. Attend to
animals produced for animal products, such as meat, fur, skins, feathers, eggs, milk,
and honey. Duties may include feeding, watering, herding, grazing, castrating,
branding, de-beaking, weighing, catching, and loading animals. May maintain
records on animals; examine animals to detect diseases and injuries; assist in birth
deliveries; and administer medications, vaccinations, or insecticides as appropriate.
May clean and maintain animal housing areas. Includes workers who shear wool
from sheep, and collect eggs in hatcheries.
Related Job Titles: Breeding Technician, Cowboy, Egg Gatherer, Farm Hand,
Farrowing Worker, Herdsman, Livestock Handler, Milking Worker, Ranch Hand,
Vaccinator
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 45-2093
 CIP
o 01.0000 Agriculture, General
o 01.0303 Aquaculture
o 01.0307 Horse Husbandry/Equine Science and Management
o 01.0399 Agriculture Production Operations, Other
o 01.9999 Agriculture, Agriculture Operations, and Related
Sciences, Other
 2015 Jobs: 2,386
 WorkKeys: None
 NCAE/AFNR
 AS.02.01. Demonstrate management techniques that ensure
animal welfare.
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 AS.03.02 Analyze feed rations and assess if they meet the
nutritional needs of animals.
 AS.04.02. Apply scientific principles to select and care for
breeding animals.
 Keystone
predictions.
analysis of a text.
Duties
 Feed and water livestock and monitor food and water supplies.
 Drive trucks, tractors, and other equipment to distribute feed to animals.
 Examine animals to detect illness, injury, or disease, and to check physical
characteristics, such as rate of weight gain.
 Provide medical treatment, such as administering medications and
vaccinations, or arrange for veterinarians to provide more extensive
treatment.
 Mix feed, additives, and medicines in prescribed portions.
 Inspect, maintain, and repair equipment, machinery, buildings, pens, yards,
and fences.
 Move equipment, poultry, or livestock from one location to another,
manually or using trucks or carts.
 Clean stalls, pens, and equipment, using disinfectant solutions, brushes,
shovels, water hoses, or pumps.
 Mark livestock to identify ownership and grade, using brands, tags, paint, or
tattoos.
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 Herd livestock to pastures for grazing or to scales, trucks, or other
enclosures.
 Shift animals between grazing areas to ensure that they have sufficient
access to food.
 Order food for animals, and arrange for its delivery.
 Perform duties related to livestock reproduction, such as breeding animals
within appropriate timeframes, performing artificial inseminations, and
helping with animal births.
 Milk animals such as cows and goats, by hand or using milking machines.
 Segregate animals according to weight, age, color, and physical condition.
 Patrol grazing lands on horseback or using all-terrain vehicles.
 Maintain growth, feeding, production, and cost records.
 Groom, clip, trim, or castrate animals, dock ears and tails, or shear coats to
collect hair.
 Spray livestock with disinfectants and insecticides, or dip or bathe animals.
Knowledge
 Administration and Management
Skills
 Monitoring
 Coordination
 Complex problem solving
 Speaking
 Judgement and decision-making
 Social perceptiveness
 Time management
 Troubleshooting
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 3% have a Post-Secondary Certificate, 43% have a High School diploma or

GED. 54% have less than a High School diploma
 High School

(15.77)
 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (37-3011) (96%) ($12.11)
 Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand (51-9022) (96%) ($14.45)
 Fence Erectors (47-4031) (96%) ($16.88)
 Pipelayers (47-2151) (96%) ($17.81)
Videos
chVideo=45-2093.00
26
Landscaping
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Landscaping and Groundskeeping Worker
Landscape or maintain grounds of property using hand or power tools or

equipment. Workers typically perform a variety of tasks, which may include any
combination of the following: sod laying, mowing, trimming, planting, watering,
fertilizing, digging, raking, sprinkler installation, and installation of mortarless
segmental concrete masonry wall units.
Related Job Titles: Gardener, Greenskeeper, Grounds Maintenance Worker, Grounds

Person, Grounds Worker, Grounds/Maintenance Specialist, Groundskeeper,
Landscape Specialist, Landscape Technician, Outside Maintenance Worker
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 37-3011
 CIP
o 01.0601 Applied Horticulture/Horticultural Operations
o 01.0604 Greenhouse Operations and Management
o 01.0605 Landscaping and Groundskeeping
o 01.0607 Turf and Turfgrass Management
 2015 Jobs: 42,671
 Openings from 2015-2025: 17,390
 WorkKeys: None
 Programs of Study
o Applied Horticulture Operations (01.0601)
 NCAE/AFNR
 PS.04.01. Evaluating, identifying and preparing plants to
enhance an environment.
 PST.02.02. Operate machinery and equipment while observing
all safety precautions in various settings.
 PST.04.03. Follow architectural and mechanical plans to
construct, maintain and/or repair various structures (e.g.,
material selection, site preparation and/or layout, plumbing,
concrete/masonry, etc.).
 Keystone
28
predictions.
analysis of a text.
Duties
 Gather and remove litter.

 Use hand tools, such as shovels, rakes, pruning saws, saws, hedge or brush
trimmers, or axes.
 Operate vehicles or powered equipment, such as mowers, tractors, twin-axle
vehicles, snow blowers, chain-saws, electric clippers, sod cutters, or pruning
saws.
 Water lawns, trees, or plants, using portable sprinkler systems, hoses, or
watering cans.
 Prune or trim trees, shrubs, or hedges, using shears, pruners, or chain saws.
 Mix and spray or spread fertilizers, herbicides, or insecticides onto grass,
shrubs, or trees, using hand or automatic sprayers or spreaders.
 Care for established lawns by mulching, aerating, weeding, grubbing,
removing thatch, or trimming or edging around flower beds, walks, or walls.
 Follow planned landscaping designs to determine where to lay sod, sow
grass, or plant flowers or foliage.
 Trim or pick flowers and clean flower beds.
 Attach wires from planted trees to support stakes.
 Plant seeds, bulbs, foliage, flowering plants, grass, ground covers, trees, or
shrubs and apply mulch for protection, using gardening tools.
 Mow or edge lawns, using power mowers or edgers.
 Rake, mulch, and compost leaves.
 Decorate gardens with stones or plants.
29
 Use irrigation methods to adjust the amount of water consumption and to
prevent waste.
 Provide proper upkeep of sidewalks, driveways, parking lots, fountains,
planters, burial sites, or other grounds features.
 Shovel snow from walks, driveways, or parking lots and spread salt in those
areas.
 Maintain irrigation systems, including winterizing the systems and starting
them up in spring.
 Plan or cultivate lawns or gardens.
 Maintain or repair tools, equipment, or structures, such as buildings,
greenhouses, fences, or benches, using hand or power tools.
 Care for artificial turf fields, periodically removing the turf and replacing
cushioning pads or vacuuming and disinfecting the turf after use to prevent
the growth of harmful bacteria.
 Install rock gardens, ponds, decks, drainage systems, irrigation systems,
retaining walls, fences, planters, or playground equipment.
 Care for natural turf fields, making sure the underlying soil has the required
composition to allow proper drainage and to support the grasses used on the
fields.
 Advise customers on plant selection or care.
 Haul or spread topsoil or spread straw over seeded soil to hold soil in place.
Knowledge
 English language
 Chemistry
Skills
 4% have Bachelor’s degrees, 2% have Associate’s degree, 16% have a Post-

Secondary Certificate, 26% have a High School diploma, 52% have less than a
High School diploma
o Applied Horticulture
 Bidwill Training Center (certificates)
30
 Temple University (certificates)
 Westmoreland County Community College (certificates)
o Greenhouse Operations
 Delaware Valley University (Bachelor’s)
 Harrisburg Area Community College (Associate’s)
 Penn State University (Bachelor’s)
 PA College of Technology (Associate’s)
o Landscaping and Groundskeeping
 Harrisburg Area Community College (Associate’s)
o Turf and Turfgrass Management
o Operations, General Applied Horticulture (37)
 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand

 Helpers-Production Workers (51-9198)
 Pipelayers (47-2151) (97%)
 Pourers and Casters, Metal (51-4052) (97%)
 Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood (51-7041)
31
Food Manufacturing
32
Food Batchmaker
Set up and operate equipment that mixes or blends ingredients used in the
manufacturing of food products. Includes candy makers and cheese makers.
Related Job Titles: Batching Operator, Blender, Brewing Technician, Compounder,

Dough Scaler and Mixer, Machine Operator, Mixer, Process Operator, Processing
Operator, Syrup Maker
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 51-3092
 CIP
o 01.0401 Agricultural and Food Products Processing
o 12.0508 Institutional Food Worker
o 48.0000 Precision Production Trades, General
o 48.9999 Precision Production, Other
 2015 Jobs: 6,495
 Openings from 2015-2024: 2,220
o 922A – Food Service Technician (Army-Warrant Officer)
o 92G – Food Service Specialist (Army-Enlisted)
o 3300 – Basic Food Service Marine (Marine-Enlisted)
o 3381 – Food Service Specialist (Marine-Enlisted)
o 752 – CWO-Food Service (Navy-Warrant Officer)
o Institutional Food Workers (12.0501)
 NCAE/AFNR
o Food Products and Processing Systems Pathway
 Keystone
Earth.
o BIO.A.2.2. Describe and interpret relationships between structure and
function at various levels of organization.
o BIO.A.2.3. Explain how enzymes regulate biochemical reactions within
a cell.
o LIT.N.1.2. Use appropriate strategies to determine and clarify meaning
of vocabulary in literature.
33
o LIT.N.1.3. Use appropriate strategies to comprehend literature during
the reading process.
o LIT.N.2.1. Use appropriate strategies to make and support
interpretations of literature.
o ALG1.1.1.4. Use estimation strategies in problem-solving situations.
o ALG1.1.2.1. Write, solve, and/or graph linear equations using various
methods.
o ALG1.1.2.2. Write, solve, and/or graph systems of linear equations
using various methods.
Duties
 Record production and test data for each food product batch, such as
ingredients used, temperature, test results, and time cycle
 Follow recipes to produce food products of specified flavor, texture, clarity,
bouquet, or color
 Set up, operate, and tend equipment that cooks, mixes, blends, or processes
ingredients in the manufacturing of food product according to formulas or
recipes
 Mix or blend ingredients, according to recipes
 Clean and sterilize vats and factory processing areas
Knowledge
 Food production
 Mechanical
 Public safety and security
 Mathematics
Skills
 Monitoring
 Reading comprehension

 86% have a High School Diploma or GED
o Food Service Systems Management
 Bucks County Community College (Associates)
 Luzerne County Community College (Associates)
34
 Harrisburg Area Community College (Associates)
o Agricultural and Food Processing (1)
o Institutional Food Workers (107)

 Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders (51-3093) (97% ($15.64)
 Print Binding and Finishing Workers (51-4193) (96%) ($15.85)
 Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
(51-4122) (96%) ($16.04)
 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers (51-9061) (96%)
($18.63)
 Cooks, Restaurant (35-2014) (95% ($11.04)
35
Packaging Machine Operator
Operate or tend machines to prepare industrial or consumer products for storage or

shipment.
Related Job Titles: A-Operator, Adjuster/Packer, Bundler, Chemical Operator,

Closing Machine Operator, Fabrication Technician, Filler Operator, Machine
Operator, Packaging Operator, Packing Machine Operator
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 51-9111
 CIP
 2015 Jobs: 15,899
 Openings from 2015-2024: 4,270
o 3052 Packaging Specialist (Marines-Enlisted)
 NCAE/AFNR
 Keystone
o ALG1.1.1.1. Represent and/or use numbers in equivalent forms.
o ALG1.1.1.2. Apply number theory concepts to show relationships
between real numbers in problem-solving settings.
o BIO.A.1.2. Describe relationships between structure and functions at
o BIO.B.4.1. Describe ecological levels of organization in the biosphere.
Duties
 Sort, grade, weigh, and inspect products, verifying and adjusting product
weight or measurement to meet specifications
36
 Observe machine operations to ensure quality and conformity of filled or
packaged products to standards
 Monitor the production line, watching for problems such as pile-ups or jams
 Attach identification labels to finish packaged items
 Stock and sort product for packaging machine operation and replenish
packaging supplies
Knowledge
Skills
 Monitoring
 Coordination

 Credential
o Manufacturer’s Skill Standards Council offers the Certified Production
Technician Certificate which is available at certain Career and
Technology Centers and Community Colleges in the Commonwealth

 Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders (51-9032)
(98%) ($16.07)
 Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders (51-7041) (97%) ($12.73)
 Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal
and Plastic (51-4031) (97%) ($16.43)
 Laborers and Hand Freight, Stock, and Material Movers (53-7062) (97%)
($13.33)
 Pourers and Caster, Metal (51-4052) (97%) ($16.98)
Videos
chVideo=51-9111.00
37
Bakers
Mix and bake ingredients to produce baked goods.
Related Job Titles: Baker, Bakery Clerk, Bakery Manager, Cake Decorator, Dough
Mixer, Machine Operator, Mixer, Pastry Chef, Processor, Scaler
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 51-3011
 CIP
o 12.0501 Baking and Pastry Arts, Baker, Pastry Chef
 2015 Jobs: 9,865
 Openings from 2015-2024: 2,780
o 94D – Baker (Army-Enlisted)
o Baking (12.0501)
 NCAE/AFNR
 Keystone
Earth.
function at various levels of organization.
o BIO.A.2.3. Explain how enzymes regulate biochemical reactions within
a cell.
38
o ALG1.1.2.1. Write, solve, and/or graph linear equations using various
methods.
o ALG1.1.2.2. Write, solve, and/or graph systems of linear equations
using various methods.
Duties
 Observe color of products being baked and adjust oven temperatures,
humidity, or conveyor speeds accordingly
 Set oven temperatures and place items into hot ovens for baking
 Combine measured ingredients in bowls of mixing, blending, or cooking
machinery
 Measure or weigh flour or other ingredients to prepare batters, doughs,
fillings, or icings
 Roll, knead, cut, or shape dough to form baked goods
Knowledge
 Food production
 Mathematics
Skills
 Monitoring
 Coordination

 36% have a High School diploma; 32% have Some College Courses or a Post-
Secondary Certificate
o Baking and Pastry Arts/Baker/Pastry Chef
 Walnut Hill College, Philadelphia, PA (Bachelor’s and
Associate’s)
 Art Institute of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Associate’s)
 PA College of Technology, Williamsport, PA (Associate’s)
39
 Westmoreland County Community College, Youngwood, PA
(Associate’s)
 Luzerne County Community College, Nanticoke, PA
(Associate’s)
 YTI Career Institute, York, PA
 Star Career Academy, Philadelphia, PA
 Harrisburg Area Community College, Harrisburg, PA
 Yorktowne Business Institute, York, PA
o Baking and Pastry Arts/Baker/Pastry Chef (12)

 Butchers and Meat Cutters (51-3021) (95%) ($15.55)
 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers (51-9061) (95%)
($18.63)
 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers (51-3022) (95%) ($13.58)
 Food Batchmakers (51-3092) (94%) ($15.16)
 Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food (35-
3021) (94%) ($8.84)
Videos
chVideo=51-3011.01
40
Butchers
Cut, trim, or prepare consumer-sized portions of meat for use or sale in retail
establishments.
Related Job Titles: Butcher, Journeyman Meat Cutter, Market Manager, Meat Clerk,
Meat Cutter, Meat Department Manager, Meat Manager, Meat Specialist, Meat
Wrapper, Seafood and Service Meat Manager
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 51-3021
 CIP
o 12.0506 Meat Cutting and Meat Cutter
 2015 Jobs: 6,680
 Openings from 2015-2024: 2,030
 NCAE/AFNR
 Keystone
functions at various levels of biochemical organization.
41
Duties
 Wrap, weigh, label, and price cuts of meat
 Prepare and place meat cuts and products in display counter
 Prepare special cuts of meat ordered by customers
 Cut, trim, bone, tie, and grind meats to prepare meats in cooking form
 Receive, inspect, and store meat upon delivery to ensure meat quality
Knowledge
 Food production
Skills
 Monitoring
 Persuasion
 Service orientation

o Meat Cutting/Meat Cutter (1)

 Cooks, Restaurant (35-2014) (97%) ($11.04)
 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers (51-3022) (97%) ($13.58)
 Bakers (51-3011) (95%) ($11.82)
3021) (95%) ($8.84)
 Inspectors, Testers, Sorter, Samplers, and Weighers (51-9061) (94%)
($18.63)
Videos
42
chVideo=51-3021.00
43
Slaughters and Meat Packers
Work in slaughtering, meat packing, or wholesale establishments performing

precision functions involving the preparation of meat.
Related Job Titles: Boning Room Worker, Breast Trimmer, Fetter Bone Buster, Kill
Room Operator, Meat Cutter, Meat Packager, Meat Packer, Meat Trimmer,
Production Worker, Trimmer
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 51-3023
 CIP
 2015 Jobs: 2,902
 WorkKeys: None
 NCAE/AFNR
 Keystone
44
Duties
 Remove bones and cut meat into standard cuts in preparation for marketing
 Cut, trim, skin, sort, and wash viscera of slaughtered animals to separate
edible portions from offal
 Slit open, enviscerate, and trim carcasses of slaughtered animals
 Tend assembly lines
Knowledge
 Mechanical
 Food production
Skills
 No skills meet the minimum score

 80% have less than a High School Diploma
 Related Career and Technical Education
o Institutional Food Worker (107)

 Food Preparation Workers (35-2021) (96%) ($9.97)
 Hand Packers and Packagers (53-7064) (96%) ($11.75)
 Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders
(51-9192) (95%) ($14.67)
 Janitors and Cleaners (37-2011) (95%) ($11.96)
 Helpers-Production Workers (51-9198) (95%) ($12.76)
Videos
chVideo=51-3021.00
45
Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers
Use hand or hand tools to perform routine cutting and trimming of meat, poultry,
and seafood.
Related Job Titles: Breast Trimmer, Deboner, Meat Cutter, Trimmer, Wing Scorer
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 51-3022
 CIP
 2015 Jobs: 2,468
 WorkKeys: None
 NCAE/AFNR
 Keystone
46
Duties
 Clean, trim, slice, and section carcasses for future processing
 Cut and trim meat to prepare for packing
 Remove parts from carcasses
 Inspect meat product for defects, bruises, or blemishes and remove them
along with any excess fat
Knowledge
 Food production
Skills
 Coordination
 Monitoring
 Speaking

 65% have less than a High School Diploma

 Butchers and Meat Cutters (51-3021) (96%) ($15.55)
 Food Preparation Workers (35-2021) (96%) ($9.97)
3021) (95%) ($8.84)
 Slaughterers and Meat Packers (51-3023) (95%) ($12.82)
 Hand Packers and Packagers (53-7064) (95%) ($11.75)
Videos
http://www.careerinfonet.org/occ_rep_vidpopup.asp?soccode=513022&mat
chVideo=51-3022.00
47
Inspectors, Testers, Samplers, and Weighers
Inspect, test, sort, sample, or weigh non-agricultural raw materials or processed,

machined, fabricated or assembled parts or products for defects, wear, and
deviations from specifications.
Related Job Titles: Inspector, Picker / Packer, Quality Assurance Auditor, Quality
Assurance Inspector, Quality Assurance Technician, Quality Auditor, Quality Control
Inspector, Quality Control Technician, Quality Inspector, Quality Technician
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 51-9061
 CIP
 2015 Jobs: 19,911
 Openings from 2015-2024: 5,910
o 003556 Hull Systems Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 003760 Inspector (Navy - Enlisted)
o 12K Plumber (Army - Enlisted)
o 15T UH-60 Helicopter Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
o 1A111 Flight Engineer Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 1A131 Flight Engineer Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 1A151 Flight Engineer Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 1A171 Flight Engineer Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 1A191 Flight Engineer Superintendent (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 1A1X1 Flight Engineer (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2111 Small Arms Repairer/Technician (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 2131 Towed Artillery Systems Technician (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 2141 Assault Amphibious Vehicle (AAV) Repairer/Technician
(Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 2146 Main Battle Tank (MBT) Repairer/Technician (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 2147 Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) Repairer/Technician (Marine
Corps - Enlisted)
o 2149 Ordnance Vehicle Maintenance Chief (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 2171 Electro-Optical Ordnance Repairer (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 2181 Ground Ordnance Weapons Chief (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 2311 Ammunition Technician (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 2891 Ground Electronics Systems Maintenance Chief (Marine Corps
- Enlisted)
48
o 2A011K Avionics Test Station And Components Helper, A-10/B-2/C-
17/CV-22/F-16/AFSOC Avionics Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A011M Avionics Test Station And Components Helper, B-1/E-8/F-
15 Avionics Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A011P Avionics Test Station And Components Helper, Avionics
Sensor Systems and ElectronicWarfare Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A031K Avionics Test Station And Components Apprentice, A-10/B-
2/C-17/CV-22/F-16/AFSOC Avionics Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A031M Avionics Test Station And Components Apprentice, B-1/E-
8/F-15 Avionics Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A031P Avionics Test Station And Components Apprentice, Avionics
o 2A051K Avionics Test Station And Components Journeyman, A-
10/B-2/C-17/CV-22/F-16/AFSOC Avionics Systems (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A051M Avionics Test Station And Components Journeyman, B-1/E-
o 2A051P Avionics Test Station And Components Journeyman,
Avionics Sensor Systems and ElectronicWarfare Systems (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A071K Avionics Test Station And Components Craftsman, A-10/B-
2/C-17/CV-22/F-16/AFSOC Avionics Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A071M Avionics Test Station And Components Craftsman, B-1/E-
o 2A071P Avionics Test Station And Components Craftsman, Avionics
o 2A0X1 Avionics Test Station And Components (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A212 Special Operations Forces/Personnel Recovery (SOF/PR)
Integrated Instrument and Flight Control Systems Helper (Air Force -
Enlisted)
Integrated Instrument and Flight Control Systems Apprentice (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Integrated Instrument and Flight Control Systems Journeyman (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Integrated Instrument and Flight Control Systems Craftsman (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2A2X2 Special Operations Forces/Personnel Recovery (SOF/PR)
Integrated Instrument and Flight Control Systems (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A313E Tactical Aircraft Maintenance Helper, A-10/U-2 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A313L Tactical Aircraft Maintenance Helper, F-15 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
49
o 2A313M Tactical Aircraft Maintenance Helper, F-16 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A314A Fighter Aircraft Integrated Avionics Helper, A-10/U-2
Avionics (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A314B Fighter Aircraft Integrated Avionics Helper, F-15 Avionics
(Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A314C Fighter Aircraft Integrated Avionics Helper, F-16 Avionics
o 2A318A Remotely Piloted Aircraft Maintenance Helper, MQ-1/MQ-9
o 2A318B Remotely Piloted Aircraft Maintenance Helper, RQ-4 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2A333E Tactical Aircraft Maintenance Apprentice, A-10/U-2 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2A333L Tactical Aircraft Maintenance Apprentice, F-15 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A333M Tactical Aircraft Maintenance Apprentice, F-16 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A334A Fighter Aircraft Integrated Avionics Apprentice, A-10/U-2
o 2A334B Fighter Aircraft Integrated Avionics Apprentice, F-15
o 2A334C Fighter Aircraft Integrated Avionics Apprentice, F-16
o 2A338A Remotely Piloted Aircraft Maintenance Apprentice, MQ-
1/MQ-9 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A338B Remotely Piloted Aircraft Maintenance Apprentice, RQ-4
o 2A353E Tactical Aircraft Maintenance Journeyman, A-10/U-2 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2A353L Tactical Aircraft Maintenance Journeyman, F-15 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A353M Tactical Aircraft Maintenance Journeyman (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A354A Fighter Aircraft Integrated Avionics Journeyman, A-10/U-2
o 2A354B Fighter Aircraft Integrated Avionics Journeyman, F-15
o 2A354C Fighter Aircraft Integrated Avionics Journeyman, F-16
o 2A358A Remotely Piloted Aircraft Maintenance Journeyman, MQ-
o 2A358B Remotely Piloted Aircraft Maintenance Journeyman, RQ-4
o 2A373 Tactical Aircraft Maintenance Craftsman (Air Force -
Enlisted)
50
o 2A374 Fighter Aircraft Integrated Avionics Craftsman (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A378 Remotely Piloted Aircraft Maintenance Craftsman (Air Force
- Enlisted)
o 2A3X3 Tactical Aircraft Maintenance (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A3X4 Fighter Aircraft Integrated Avionics (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A3X8 Remotely Piloted Aircraft Maintenance (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A511A Airlift/Special Mission Aircraft Maintenance Helper, C-
20/C-21/C-22/C-37/C-40/E-4/VC-25 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A511B Airlift/Special Mission Aircraft Maintenance Helper, C-
130/C-27J (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A511C Aerospace Maintenance Helper, C-5 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A511D Aerospace Maintenance Helper, C-17 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A531A Airlift/Special Mission Aircraft Maintenance Apprentice, C-
o 2A531B Airlift/Special Mission Aircraft Maintenance Apprentice, C-
o 2A531C Aerospace Maintenance Apprentice, C-5 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A531D Aerospace Maintenance Apprentice, C-17 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A551A Airlift/Special Mission Aircraft Maintenance Journeyman, C-
o 2A551B Airlift/Special Mission Aircraft Maintenance Journeyman, C-
o 2A551C Airlift/Special Mission Aircraft Maintenance Journeyman, C-
5 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A551D Airlift/Special Mission Aircraft Maintenance Journeyman, C-
17 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A571 Airlift/Special Mission Aircraft Maintenance Craftsman (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2A5X1 Airlift/Special Mission Aircraft Maintenance (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A611C Aerospace Propulsion Helper, TF33, CF6, F103, F108, F117,
TFE-731, TF34, TF39, PW 2040, F138 Jet Engines (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A611D Aerospace Propulsion Helper, F100, F119, F135 Jet Engines
o 2A611E Aerospace Propulsion Helper, F101, F110, F118 Jet Engines
o 2A611H Aerospace Propulsion Helper, Turboprop And Turboshaft
Propulsion (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A612 Aerospace Ground Equipment Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A613 Aircrew Egress Systems Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A614 Aircraft Fuel Systems Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A615 Aircraft Hydraulic Systems Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
51
o 2A616 Aircraft Electrical And Environmental Systems Helper (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2A631C Aerospace Propulsion Apprentice, TF33, CF6, F103, F108,
F117, TFE-731, TF34, TF39, PW 2040, F138 Jet Engines (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A631D Aerospace Propulsion Apprentice, F100, F119, F135 Jet
Engines (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A631E Aerospace Propulsion Apprentice, F101, F110, F118 Jet
Engines (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A631H Aerospace Propulsion Apprentice, Turboprop And
Turboshaft Propulsion (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A632 Aerospace Ground Equipment Apprentice (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A633 Aircrew Egress Systems Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A634 Aircraft Fuel Systems Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A635 Aircraft Hydraulic Systems Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A636 Aircraft Electrical And Environmental Systems Apprentice
o 2A651C Aerospace Propulsion Journeyman, TF33, CF6, F103, F108,
F117, TFE-731, TF34, TF39, PW 2040, F138 Jet Engines (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A651F Aerospace Propulsion Journeyman, F100, F101, F110, F118,
F119, F135 Jet Engines (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A651H Aerospace Propulsion Journeyman, Turboprop And
o 2A652 Aerospace Ground Equipment Journeyman (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A653 Aircrew Egress Systems Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A654 Aircraft Fuel Systems Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A655 Aircraft Hydraulic Systems Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A656 Aircraft Electrical And Environmental Systems Journeyman
o 2A671G Aerospace Propulsion Craftsman, Turbofan and Turbojet
Propulsion (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A671H Aerospace Propulsion Craftsman, Turboprop And
o 2A672 Aerospace Ground Equipment Craftsman (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A673 Aircrew Egress Systems Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A674 Aircraft Fuel Systems Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A675 Aircraft Hydraulic Systems Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A676 Aircraft Electrical And Environmental Systems Craftsman
o 2A691 Aerospace Propulsion Superintendent (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A692 Aerospace Ground Equipment Superintendent (Air Force -
Enlisted)
52
o 2A6X1 Aerospace Propulsion (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A6X2 Aerospace Ground Equipment (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A6X3 Aircrew Egress Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A6X4 Aircraft Fuel Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A6X5 Aircraft Hydraulic Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A6X6 Aircraft Electrical And Environmental Systems (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A811A Mobility Air Forces Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Helper, C-5 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A811B Mobility Air Forces Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Helper, C-17 (Air Force
- Enlisted)
o 2A811C Mobility Air Forces Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Helper, C-130/ WC-130
(except SOF/PR and EC-130) (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A811D Mobility Air Forces Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Helper, C-
12/21/27/32/37/38/39/40 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A811F Mobility Air Forces Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Helper, KC-10 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2A811G Mobility Air Forces Integrated
Force - Enlisted)
o 2A811H Mobility Air Forces Integrated
Force - Enlisted)
o 2A812A Mobility Air Forces Integrated Instrument and Flight
Control Systems Helper, C-5 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A812B Mobility Air Forces Integrated Instrument and Flight
Control Systems Helper, C-17 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A812C Mobility Air Forces Integrated Instrument and Flight
Control Systems Helper, C-130/ WC-130 (except SOF/PR and EC-130)
o 2A812D Mobility Air Forces Integrated Instrument and Flight
Control Systems Helper, C-12/21/27/32/37/38/39/40 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A812F Mobility Air Forces Integrated Instrument and Flight
Control Systems Helper, KC-10 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A812G Mobility Air Forces Integrated Instrument and Flight
o 2A812H Mobility Air Forces Integrated Instrument and Flight
53
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Apprentice, C-5 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Apprentice, C-17 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Apprentice, C-130/ WC-
130 (except SOF/PR and EC-130) (Air Force - Enlisted)
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Apprentice, C-
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Apprentice, KC-10 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Force - Enlisted)
Force - Enlisted)
Control Systems Apprentice, C-5 (Air Force - Enlisted)
Control Systems Apprentice, C-17 (Air Force - Enlisted)
Control Systems Apprentice, C-130/ WC-130 (except SOF/PR and EC-
130) (Air Force - Enlisted)
Control Systems Apprentice, C-12/21/27/32/37/38/39/40 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Control Systems Apprentice, KC-10 (Air Force - Enlisted)
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Journeyman, C-5 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Journeyman, C-17 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Journeyman, C-130/
WC-130 (except SOF/PR and EC-130) (Air Force - Enlisted)
54
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Journeyman, C-
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Journeyman, KC-10 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Journeyman, KC-135
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Journeyman, KC-46 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Control Systems Journeyman, C-5 (Air Force - Enlisted)
Control Systems Journeyman, C-17 (Air Force - Enlisted)
Control Systems Journeyman, C-130/ WC-130 (except SOF/PR and
EC-130) (Air Force - Enlisted)
Control Systems Journeyman, C-12/21/27/32/37/38/39/40 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Control Systems Journeyman, KC-10 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A871E Mobility Air Forces Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Craftsman, Cargo
Comm/Counter/Nav Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A871J Mobility Air Forces Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Craftsman, Tanker
Comm/Counter/Nav Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A872E Mobility Air Forces Integrated Instrument and Flight
Control Systems Craftsman, Cargo IFCS (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A872J Mobility Air Forces Integrated Instrument and Flight Control
Systems Craftsman, Tanker IFCS (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A8X1 Mobility Air Forces Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A8X2 Mobility Air Forces Integrated Instrument and Flight Control
Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A911A Bomber/Special Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Helper, E-3 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
55
o 2A911B Bomber/Special Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Helper, E-4/VC-25 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2A911C Bomber/Special Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Helper, E-8 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A911D Bomber/Special Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Helper, RC-135 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2A911E Bomber/Special Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Helper, B-1 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A911F Bomber/Special Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Helper, B-2 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A911G Bomber/Special Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Helper, B-52 (Air Force
- Enlisted)
o 2A912A Bomber/Special Integrated Instrument and Flight Control
Systems Helper, E-3 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A912B Bomber/Special Integrated Instrument and Flight Control
Systems Helper, E-4/VC-25 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A912C Bomber/Special Integrated Instrument and Flight Control
Systems Helper, E-8 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A912D Bomber/Special Integrated Instrument and Flight Control
Systems Helper, RC-135 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A912E Bomber/Special Integrated Instrument and Flight Control
Systems Helper, B-1 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A912F Bomber/Special Integrated Instrument and Flight Control
o 2A912G Bomber/Special Integrated Instrument and Flight Control
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Apprentice, E-3 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Apprentice, E-4/VC-25
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Apprentice, E-8 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Apprentice, RC-135 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
56
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Apprentice, B-1 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Force - Enlisted)
Force - Enlisted)
Systems Apprentice, E-3 (Air Force - Enlisted)
Systems Apprentice, E-4/VC-25 (Air Force - Enlisted)
Systems Apprentice, E-8 (Air Force - Enlisted)
Systems Apprentice, RC-135 (Air Force - Enlisted)
Systems Apprentice, B-1 (Air Force - Enlisted)
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Journeyman, E-3 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Journeyman, E-4/VC-25
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Journeyman, E-8 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Journeyman, RC-135
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Journeyman, B-1 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
Force - Enlisted)
Force - Enlisted)
Systems Journeyman, E-3 (Air Force - Enlisted)
57
Systems Journeyman, E-4/VC-25 (Air Force - Enlisted)
Systems Journeyman, E-8 (Air Force - Enlisted)
Systems Journeyman, RC-135 (Air Force - Enlisted)
Systems Journeyman, B-1 (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A971 Bomber/Special Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems Craftsman (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A972 Bomber/Special Integrated Instrument and Flight Control
Systems Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A9X1 Bomber/Special Integrated
Communication/Navigation/Mission Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A9X2 Bomber/Special Integrated Instrument and Flight Control
Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2M011A Missile And Space Systems Electronic Maintenance Helper,
ICBM (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2M011B Missile And Space Systems Electronic Maintenance Helper,
ALCM (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2M011 Missile And Space Systems Electronic Maintenance Helper
o 2M031A Missile And Space Systems Electronic Maintenance
Apprentice, ICBM (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2M031B Missile And Space Systems Electronic Maintenance
Apprentice, ALCM (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2M031 Missile And Space Systems Electronic Maintenance
Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2M0X1 Missile And Space Systems Electronic Maintenance (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2W011 Munitions Systems Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2W031 Munitions Systems Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2W051 Munitions Systems Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2W071 Munitions Systems Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2W091 Munitions Systems Superintendent (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2W0X1 Munitions Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
58
o 3043 Supply Chain Administration and Operations Specialist
o 5951 Aviation Meteorological Equipment Technician, OMA/IMA
o 6048 Flight Equipment Technician (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 6072 Aircraft Maintenance Support Equipment
Hydraulic/Pneumatic/Structures Mechanic (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
Electrician/Refrigeration Mechanic (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 6074 Cryogenics Equipment Operator (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 616 LDO - Ordnance, Surface (Navy - Commissioned Officer only)
o 6212 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Mechanic, AV-8/TAV-8 (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 6213 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Mechanic, EA-6 (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 6216 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Mechanic, KC-130 (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 6217 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Mechanic, F/A-18 (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 6218 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Mechanic, F-35B (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 6222 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Power Plants Mechanic, F-402 (Marine
Corps - Enlisted)
o 6223 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Power Plants Mechanic, J-52 (Marine
Corps - Enlisted)
o 6226 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Power Plants Mechanic, T-56 (Marine
Corps - Enlisted)
Corps - Enlisted)
o 6242 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Flight Engineer, KC-130 (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 6246 Fixed-Wing Transport Aircraft Specialist, C-20 (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 6251 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic-Trainee (Marine Corps
- Enlisted)
o 6252 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic, AV-8/TAV-8 (Marine
Corps - Enlisted)
o 6253 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic, EA-6 (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 6256 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic, KC-130 (Marine Corps
- Enlisted)
o 6257 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic, F/A-18 (Marine Corps
- Enlisted)
o 6258 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic, F-35B (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 626 LDO - Ordnance, Submarine (Navy - Commissioned Officer only)
o 6276 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Crew Chief, KC-130 (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
59
o 6281 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic-Trainee
o 6282 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, AV-8/TAV-8
o 6283 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, EA-6 (Marine
Corps - Enlisted)
o 6286 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, KC-130/V-22
o 6287 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, F/A-18
o 6288 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, F-35B
o 6333 Aircraft Electrical Systems Technician, EA-6 (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 6336 Aircraft Electrical Systems Technician, KC-130 (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 6337 Aircraft Electrical Systems Technician, F/A-18 (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 636 LDO - Ordnance, Aviation (Navy - Commissioned Officer only)
o 6386 Aircraft Electronic Countermeasures Systems Technician, EA-
6B (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 6432 Aircraft Electrical/Instrument/Flight Control Systems
Technician, IMA (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 6483 Communication/Navigation/Cryptographic/Countermeasures
Systems Technician, IMA (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 6499 Mobile Facility Technician (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 6531 Aircraft Ordnance Technician (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 6541 Aviation Ordnance Systems Technician (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 6672 Aviation Supply Specialist (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 6842 Meteorology and Oceanography (METOC) Analyst Forecaster
o 7011 Expeditionary Airfield Systems Technician (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 716 CWO - Ordnance Technician, Surface (Navy - Warrant Officer
only)
o 726 CWO - Ordnance, Submarine (Navy - Warrant Officer only)
o 736 CWO - Ordnance, Aviation (Navy - Warrant Officer only)
o 91F Small Arms/Artillery Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
o 91G Fire Control Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
o 91P Self Propelled Artillery Systems Maintainer (Army - Enlisted)
o 923A Petroleum Technician (Army - Warrant Officer only)
o 92A Automated Logistical Specialist (Army - Enlisted)
o 92L Petroleum Laboratory Specialist (Army - Enlisted)
o 948B Electronic Systems Maintenance Warrant Officer (Army -
Warrant Officer only)
60
o 94W Electronic Maintenance Chief (Army - Enlisted)
o 94Y Integrated Family of Test Equipment (IFTE) Operator and
Maintainer (Army - Enlisted)
o ABE Aviation Boatswain's Mate, Launching and Recovery Equipment
(Navy - Enlisted)
o AE Aviation Electrician's Mate (Navy - Enlisted)
o AG Aerographer's Mate (Navy - Enlisted)
o AME Aviation Structural Mechanic, Safety Equipment (Navy -
Enlisted)
o AO Aviation Ordnanceman (Navy - Enlisted)
o AS Aviation Support Equipmentman (Navy - Enlisted)
o AT Aviation Electronics Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o EM Electrician's Mate (Navy - Enlisted)
o ET(V) Electronics Technicians (Navigation) (Navy - Enlisted)
o FT Fire Control Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o GM Gunner's Mate (Navy - Enlisted)
o HT Hull Maintenance Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o IS Intelligence Specialist (Navy - Enlisted)
o ITS Information Systems Technician Submarines (Navy - Enlisted)
o IT Information Systems Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o MN Mineman (Navy - Enlisted)
o MT Missile Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o STS Sonar Technician (Submarine) (Navy - Enlisted)
 NCAE/AFNR
 Keystone
Duties
 Inspect, test, or measure materials, products, installations, or work for
conformance to specifications
61
 Measure of dimension of products to verify comformance to specifications
 Read blueprints, data, manuals, or other materials to determine
specifications, inspection and testing procedures, adjustment methods,
certification processes, formulas, or measuring instruments required
 Record inspection or test data
 Mark items with details such as grade or acceptance-rejection status
Knowledge
 Mathematics
Skills
 Monitoring

o Quality Control Technology/Technician
 Northampton County Community College (Associate’s)

 Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers (51-2022) (96%) ($15.45)
 Team Assemblers (51-2092) (96%) ($14.52)
 Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks (43-5071) (95%)
 Solderers and Brazers (51-4121) (95%) (18.18)
Videos
chVideo=51-9061.03
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Industrial Machinery Mechanic
Repair, install, adjust, or maintain industrial production and processing machinery

or refinery and pipeline distribution systems.
Related Job Titles: Fixer, Industrial Machinery Mechanic, Industrial Mechanic, Loom
Fixer, Machine Adjuster, Maintenance Mechanic, Maintenance Technician, Master
Mechanic, Mechanic, Overhauler
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 49-9041
 CIP
o 47.0303 Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology
o 47.0399 Heavy and Industrial Equipment Maintenance
Technologies, Other
o 47.9999 Mechanic and Repair Technologies and Technicians,
Other
 2015 Jobs: 15,406
 Openings from 2015-2024: $7,100
o 002068 Aircraft Launch and Recovery Equipment Maintenance and
Administrative Operations Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 0411 Maintenance Management Specialist (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 15S OH-58D Helicopter Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
Enlisted)
Corps - Enlisted)
o 2161 Machinist (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 2A712 Nondestructive Inspection Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A732 Nondestructive Inspection Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A752 Nondestructive Inspection Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A772 Nondestructive Inspection Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
63
o 2A7X2 Nondestructive Inspection (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2F011 Fuels Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2F031 Fuels Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2F051 Fuels Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2F071 Fuels Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2F091 Fuels Superintendent (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2F0X1 Fuels (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 301 Machinery Repairman (Coast Guard - Enlisted)
o 3601 Lithographic Equipment Repairman (Navy - Enlisted)
o 3E111 Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration
Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 3E1X1 Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 3E412 Liquid Fuel Systems Maintenance Helper (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 3E432 Liquid Fuel Systems Maintenance Apprentice (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 3E452 Liquid Fuel Systems Maintenance Journeyman (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 4140 NAMTS Gas Turbine Repair (Navy - Enlisted)
o 4142 NAMTS Heat Exchanger Repair Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 4143 CG Smart Ship Engineering Control System Equipment (ECSE)
Operator and Maintenance Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 4145 NAMTS Gas Turbine (Electrical) Repair Technician (Navy -
Enlisted)
o 4222 NAMTS Pump Repair (Navy - Enlisted)
o 4225 NAMTS Boiler Repair Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 4226 Battle Force Intermediate Maintenance Activity (BFIMA)
Boiler ACC Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 4227 NAMTS Pump Repair (Navy - Enlisted)
o 4229 NAMTS Heat Exchanger Repair Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 4231 SSN/SSBN Auxiliary Equipment Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 4233 SSN/SSBN Weapons Equipment Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 4234 SSN 774 Class Advanced Auxiliary Equipment Technician
(Navy - Enlisted)
o 4253 Low Pressure Electrolyzer (LPE) Operator (Navy - Enlisted)
o 4291 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Systems Technician (Navy -
Enlisted)
o 4308 Causeway Section Powered/Side Loadable Warping Tug
(CSP/SLWT) Engineer (Navy - Enlisted)
64
o 4314 Diesel Engine Inspector (Navy - Enlisted)
o 4316 MCM 1and2 Propulsion Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 4324 MCM Propulsion Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 4355 LAMPS MK III RAST Mechanical Maintenanceman (Navy -
Enlisted)
o 4366 LSD-41 Class Propulsion System Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 4509 Electronic Automatic Boiler Controls Maintenance Technician
(Navy - Enlisted)
o 52X Special Purpose Equipment Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
o 63J Quartermaster and Chemical Equipment Repairer (Army -
Enlisted)
o 7022 Aviation Fuels Maintenance Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 7601 Support Equipment Cryogenic Mechanic (Navy - Enlisted)
o 7606 Support Equipment Gas Turbine Mechanic (Navy - Enlisted)
o 7612 SE Hydraulic Intermediate Maintenance Technician (Navy -
Enlisted)
o 7613 Shore Based SE Hydraulic Equipment IMA Technician (Navy -
Enlisted)
o 7614 Mobile Electric Power Plants Intermediate Maintenance
Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 7615 Afloat Mobile Electric Power Plant Technician (Navy -
Enlisted)
o 7616 Maintenance Crane Intermediate Maintenance Technician
(Navy - Enlisted)
o 7617 Crash Equipment Technician (SEA) (Navy - Enlisted)
o 91A M1 Abrams Tank System Maintainer (Army - Enlisted)
o 91D Power Generation Equipment Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
o 91E Allied Trades Specialist (Army - Enlisted)
Enlisted)
o 91L Construction Equipment Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
o 91X Maintenance Supervisor (Army - Enlisted)
o 9594 Intermediate Maintenance Activity (IMA) Nuclear Worker
(Navy - Enlisted)
(Navy - Enlisted)
o ABF Aviation Boatswain's Mate, Fuels (Navy - Enlisted)
o EN Engineman (Navy - Enlisted)
o FC Fire Controlman (Navy - Enlisted)
o GSE Gas Turbine System Technician (Electrical) (Navy - Enlisted)
65
o GSM Gas Turbine System Technician (Mechanical) (Navy - Enlisted)
o MM(NUC) Machinist's Mate (Nuclear) (Navy - Enlisted)
o MM Machinist's Mate (Navy - Enlisted)
o MR Machinery Repairman (Navy - Enlisted)
 NCAE/AFNR
 Keystone
Duties
 Repair or maintain the operating condition of industrial production or
processing machinery or equipment
 Repair or replace broken or malfunctioning components of machinery or
equipment
 Disassemble machinery or equipment to remove parts and make repairs
 Observe and test the operation of machinery or equipment to diagnose
malfunctions
 Reassemble equipment after completion of inspections, testing, or repairs
Knowledge
 Mechanical
 Engineering and technology
 Mathematics
Skills
 Equipment maintenance
 Repairing
66
 Troubleshooting

 48% have post-secondary training, 25% have a High School diploma or GED
o Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology
 McCann School of Business and Technology, Pottsville, PA
(Associate’s)
(Associate’s)
 Delaware County Community College, Media, PA (Associate’s)
 Reading Area Community College, Reading, PA (Associate’s)
 New Castle School of Trades, New Castle, PA
 Community College of Allegheny County, Pittsburgh, PA
o Electrical/Electronics Maintenance and Repair Technology, Other (1)

 Millwrights (49-9044) (96%) ($26.10
 Computer-Controlled Machine Took Operators, Metal and Plastic (51-4011)
(96%) ($18.44)
 Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics (49-3042) (96%) ($22.41)
 Automotive Master Mechanics (49-3023.01) (95%) ($16.23)
 Machinist (51-4041) (95%) ($19.14)
Videos
chVideo=49-9041.00
67
General Maintenance and Repair Workers
Perform work involving the skills of two or more maintenance or craft occupations
to keep machines, mechanical equipment, or the structure of an establishment in
repair.
Related Job Titles: Building Maintenance Mechanic, Building Mechanic, Equipment

Engineering Technician, Facilities Manager, Maintenance Engineer, Maintenance
Man, Maintenance Mechanic, Maintenance Supervisor, Maintenance Technician,
Maintenance Worker
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 49-9071
 CIP
o 47.9999 Mechanic and Repair Technologies and Technicians,
Other
 2015 Jobs: 60,220
 Openings from 2015-2024: 14,710
o 001085 Aviation Fuels Flight Deck Operations Technician (Navy -
Enlisted)
o 001519 Auxiliary Equipment Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 001524 Auxiliary Equipment Operator (Navy - Enlisted)
o 001537 Tactical Weapons Operator (Navy - Enlisted)
o 001547 Tactical Weapons Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 002093 Armorer (Navy - Enlisted)
o 002687 Airman (Navy - Enlisted)
o 002689 Fireman (Navy - Enlisted)
o 003004 Hull Systems Maintainer (Navy - Enlisted)
o 003177 Steam Plant Auxiliary Systems Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 003763 Maintenance Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 0411 Maintenance Management Specialist (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 0811 Field Artillery Cannoneer (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 0842 Field Artillery Radar Operator (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 1141 Electrician (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 1161 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technician (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 1391 Bulk Fuel Specialist (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 13R Field Artillery (FA) Firefinder Radar Operator (Army - Enlisted)
o 13T Field Artillery Surveyor/Meteorological Crewmember (Army -
Enlisted)
68
o 15H Aircraft Pneudraulics Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
o 15R AH-64 Attack Helicopter Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
o 15S OH-58D Helicopter Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
o 15V Observation/Scout Helicopter Repairer (RC) (Army - Enlisted)
o 2111 Small Arms Repairer/Technician (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 2131 Towed Artillery Systems Technician (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
Enlisted)
Corps - Enlisted)
o 2171 Electro-Optical Ordnance Repairer (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 2847 Ground Electronics Telecommunications and Information
Technology Systems Maintainer (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 2862 Ground Electronics Systems Maintenance Technician (Marine
Corps - Enlisted)
o 2874 Metrology Technician (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 2A318A Remotely Piloted Aircraft Maintenance Helper, MQ-1/MQ-9
o 2A318B Remotely Piloted Aircraft Maintenance Helper, RQ-4 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2A338A Remotely Piloted Aircraft Maintenance Apprentice, MQ-
o 2A338B Remotely Piloted Aircraft Maintenance Apprentice, RQ-4
o 2A358A Remotely Piloted Aircraft Maintenance Journeyman, MQ-
o 2A358B Remotely Piloted Aircraft Maintenance Journeyman, RQ-4
o 2A378 Remotely Piloted Aircraft Maintenance Craftsman (Air Force
- Enlisted)
o 2A3X8 Remotely Piloted Aircraft Maintenance (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A613 Aircrew Egress Systems Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A615 Aircraft Hydraulic Systems Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A616 Aircraft Electrical And Environmental Systems Helper (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2A633 Aircrew Egress Systems Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A635 Aircraft Hydraulic Systems Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A636 Aircraft Electrical And Environmental Systems Apprentice
o 2A653 Aircrew Egress Systems Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A655 Aircraft Hydraulic Systems Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
69
o 2A656 Aircraft Electrical And Environmental Systems Journeyman
o 2A673 Aircrew Egress Systems Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A675 Aircraft Hydraulic Systems Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A676 Aircraft Electrical And Environmental Systems Craftsman
o 2A6X3 Aircrew Egress Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A6X5 Aircraft Hydraulic Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A6X6 Aircraft Electrical And Environmental Systems (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A711 Aircraft Metals Technology Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A713 Aircraft Structural Maintenance Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A715 Low Observable Aircraft Structural Maintenance Helper (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2A731 Aircraft Metals Technology Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A733 Aircraft Structural Maintenance Apprentice (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A735 Low Observable Aircraft Structural Maintenance Apprentice
o 2A751 Aircraft Metals Technology Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A753 Aircraft Structural Maintenance Journeyman (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A755 Low Observable Aircraft Structural Maintenance Journeyman
o 2A771 Aircraft Metals Technology Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A773 Aircraft Structural Maintenance Craftsman (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A775 Low Observable Aircraft Structural Maintenance Craftsman
o 2A7X1 Aircraft Metals Technology (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A7X3 Aircraft Structural Maintenance (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A7X5 Low Observable Aircraft Structural Maintenance (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2F011 Fuels Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2F031 Fuels Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2F051 Fuels Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2F071 Fuels Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2F091 Fuels Superintendent (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2F0X1 Fuels (Air Force - Enlisted)
70
o 2W111C Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, A10 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W111D Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, F-4 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W111E Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, F-15 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W111F Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, F-16 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W111H Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, F-111 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W111J Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, F-35 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W111K Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, B-52/B-2 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W111L Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, B-1 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W111N Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, F/A-22 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W111Q Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, RPA (MQ-1/MQ-9) (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2W111Z Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, All Other (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W131C Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, A10 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W131D Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, F-4 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W131E Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, F-15 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W131F Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, F-16 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W131H Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, F-111 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W131J Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, F-35 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W131K Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, B-52/B-2 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2W131L Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, B-1 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W131N Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, F/A-22 (Air Force
- Enlisted)
o 2W131Q Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, RPA (MQ-1/MQ-9)
o 2W131Z Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, All Other (Air
Force - Enlisted)
71
o 2W151 Aircraft Armament Systems Journeyman (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W171 Aircraft Armament Systems Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2W191 Aircraft Armament Systems Superintendent (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W1X1 Aircraft Armament Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2W211 Nuclear Weapons Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2W231 Nuclear Weapons Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2W251 Nuclear Weapons Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2W271 Nuclear Weapons Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 41E9 Gas Turbine Systems Technician (Electrical) (Navy - Enlisted)
o 41M9 Gas Turbine Systems Technician (Mechanical) (Navy -
Enlisted)
o 4299 Machinist's Mate Basic (Navy - Enlisted)
o 5948 Aviation Radar Repairer (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 5953 Air Traffic Control Radar Technician (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 5954 Air Traffic Control Communications Technician (Marine Corps
- Enlisted)
o 6048 Flight Equipment Technician (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
Electrician/Refrigeration Mechanic (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 6212 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Mechanic, AV-8/TAV-8 (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 6213 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Mechanic, EA-6 (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 6216 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Mechanic, KC-130 (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 6217 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Mechanic, F/A-18 (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 6218 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Mechanic, F-35B (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
Corps - Enlisted)
o 6223 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Power Plants Mechanic, J-52 (Marine
Corps - Enlisted)
o 6226 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Power Plants Mechanic, T-56 (Marine
Corps - Enlisted)
Corps - Enlisted)
o 6242 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Flight Engineer, KC-130 (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 6246 Fixed-Wing Transport Aircraft Specialist, C-20 (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 6251 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic-Trainee (Marine Corps
- Enlisted)
72
o 6252 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic, AV-8/TAV-8 (Marine
Corps - Enlisted)
o 6253 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic, EA-6 (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 6256 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic, KC-130 (Marine Corps
- Enlisted)
o 6257 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic, F/A-18 (Marine Corps
- Enlisted)
o 6258 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic, F-35B (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 6281 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic-Trainee
o 6282 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, AV-8/TAV-8
o 6283 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, EA-6 (Marine
Corps - Enlisted)
o 6286 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, KC-130/V-22
o 6287 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, F/A-18
o 6288 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, F-35B
o 6332 Aircraft Avionics Technician, AV-8B (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 636 LDO - Ordnance, Aviation (Navy - Commissioned Officer only)
o 6511 Aircraft Ordnance Technician-Trainee (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
Enlisted)
o 7011 Expeditionary Airfield Systems Technician (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 720 CWO - Diving Officer (Navy - Warrant Officer only)
o 736 CWO - Ordnance, Aviation (Navy - Warrant Officer only)
o 7399 Aircrew Survival Equipmentman Basic (Navy - Enlisted)
o 88T Railway Section Repairer (RC) (Army - Enlisted)
o 91B Wheeled Vehicle Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
o 91C Utilities Equipment Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
o 91D Power Generation Equipment Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
o 91E Allied Trades Specialist (Army - Enlisted)
o 91F Small Arms/Artillery Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
o 91G Fire Control Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
o 91H Tracked Vehicle Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
Enlisted)
o 91L Construction Equipment Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
o 91M BRADLEY Fighting Vehicle System Maintainer (Army - Enlisted)
73
o 91S STRYKER Systems Maintainer (Army - Enlisted)
o 92R Parachute Rigger (Army - Enlisted)
(Navy - Enlisted)
o ABF Aviation Boatswain's Mate, Fuels (Navy - Enlisted)
o AME Aviation Structural Mechanic, Safety Equipment (Navy -
Enlisted)
o CE Construction Electrician (Navy - Enlisted)
o DC Damage Controlman (Navy - Enlisted)
o GSE Gas Turbine System Technician (Electrical) (Navy - Enlisted)
o GSM Gas Turbine System Technician (Mechanical) (Navy - Enlisted)
o MM(NUC) Machinist's Mate (Nuclear) (Navy - Enlisted)
o MM(SUB) Machinist's Mate (Submarine) (Navy - Enlisted)
o MM(SURF) Machinist's Mate (Surface) (Navy - Enlisted)
o MM Machinist's Mate (Navy - Enlisted)
o ND Navy Diver (Navy - Enlisted)
o PR Aircrew Survival Equipmentman (Navy - Enlisted)
o UT Utilitiesman (Navy - Enlisted)
 NCAE/AFNR
 Keystone
Duties
 Inspect, operate, or test machinery or equipment to diagnose machine
malfunctions
 Dismantle machines, equipment, or devices to access and remove defective
parts
74
 Perform routine maintenance
 Diagnose mechanical problems and determine how to correct them
 Repair machinery, equipment, or structures
Knowledge
 Mechanical
 Building and construction
Skills
 Repairing
 Troubleshooting

 37% have High School diploma or GED; 30% have Post-Secondary
Certificates
o Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology
 McCann School of Business Technology, Pottsville, PA
(Associate’s)
(Associate’s)
 Delaware County Community College, Media, PA (Associate’s)
 New Castle School of Trades
 Community College of Allegheny County, Pittsburgh, PA
o Electrical/Electronics Maintenance and Repair Technology (1)

 Automotive Body and Related Repairers (49-3021) (96%) ($18.10)
 Helpers-Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers (49-9098) (96%)
($12.07)
75
 Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists (49-3031) (95%)
(19.88)
76
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Driver
Drive a tractor-trailer combination or a truck with a capacity of at least 26,000

pounds Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW). May be required to unload truck. Requires
commercial drivers' license.
Related Job Titles: Delivery Driver, Driver, Line Haul Driver, Log Truck Driver, Over
the Road Driver (OTR Driver), Production Truck Driver, Road Driver, Semi Truck
Driver, Tractor Trailer Operator, Truck Driver
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 53-3032
 CIP
o 49.0205 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers
 2015 Jobs: 78,327
 Openings from 2015-2024: 24,210
o 12C Bridge Crewmember (Army - Enlisted)
o 12C Bridge Crewmember (Army - Enlisted)
o 12N Horizontal Construction Engineer (Army - Enlisted)
o 1345 Engineer Equipment Operator (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 1371 Combat Engineer (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 1372 Assault Breacher Vehicle (ABV)/Armored Vehicle Launched
Bridge (AVLB) Crewman (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 13F Fire Support Specialist (Army - Enlisted)
o 13M Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS)/High Mobility Artillery
Rocket System (HIMARS) Crewmember (Army - Enlisted)
o 140E Air and Missile Defense (AMD) Systems Tactician/Technician
(Army - Warrant Officer only)
o 14T PATRIOT Launching Station Enhanced Operator/Maintainer
(Army - Enlisted)
o 1812 M1A1 Tank Crewman (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 1833 Assault Amphibious Vehicle (AAV) Crewman (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 1834 Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) Crewman (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 2T111 Vehicle Operations Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2T131 Vehicle Operations Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2T151 Vehicle Operations Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2T211 Air Transportation Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2T231 Air Transportation Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2T251 Air Transportation Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
77
o 2T271 Air Transportation Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2T291 Air Transportation Superintendent (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2T2X1 Air Transportation (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 3531 Motor Vehicle Operator (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 3533 Logistics Vehicle System Operator (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 3534 Semitrailer Refueler Operator (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 64C Motor Transport Operator (Army - Enlisted)
o 88M Motor Transport Operator (Army - Enlisted)
o 91B Wheeled Vehicle Repairer (Army - Enlisted)
o 923A Petroleum Technician (Army - Warrant Officer only)
o 92F Petroleum Supply Specialist (Army - Enlisted)
o EO Equipment Operator (Navy - Enlisted)
 NCAE/AFNR
 Keystone
Duties
 Check vehicles to ensure that mechanical, safety, and emergency equipment
is in good working order
 Follow appropriate safety procedures for transporting dangerous goods
 Inspect loads to ensure that cargo is secure
78
 Maintain logs of working hours or of vehicle service or repair status,
following applicable federal and state regulations
 Secure cargo for transport
Knowledge
 Transportation
 Mechanical
Skills
 Time management
 Monitoring

o Private and High School Career and Technology Education Providers
(11)

 Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers (53-3033) (96%) ($14.02)
 Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators (53-7032) (95%)
($19.81)
 Locomotive Engineers (53-4011) (95%) ($26.66)
 Helpers-Extraction Workers (47-5081) (95%) ($17.32)
 Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals (45-2092) (94%)
($12.48)
Videos
chVideo=53-3032.00
79
Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators
Operate industrial trucks or tractors equipped to move materials around a

warehouse, storage yard, factory, construction site, or similar location.
Related Job Titles: Checker Loader, Fork Lift Technician, Fork Truck Driver, Forklift
Driver, Forklift Operator, Lift Truck Operator, Shag Truck Driver, Spotter Driver,
Tow Motor Operator, Truck Driver
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 53-7051
 CIP:
o 49.0206 Ground Transportation, Other
 2015 Jobs: 27,061
 Openings from 2015-2024: 6,800
o 12N Horizontal Construction Engineer (Army - Enlisted)
o 1345 Engineer Equipment Operator (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 1371 Combat Engineer (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 2T211 Air Transportation Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2T231 Air Transportation Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2T251 Air Transportation Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2T271 Air Transportation Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2T291 Air Transportation Superintendent (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2T2X1 Air Transportation (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2W111C Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, A10 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W111E Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, F-15 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W111F Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, F-16 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W111J Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, F-35 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W111K Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, B-52/B-2 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
80
o 2W111L Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, B-1 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W111N Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, F/A-22 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W111Q Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, RPA (MQ-1/MQ-9) (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2W111Z Aircraft Armament Systems Helper, All Other (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W131C Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, A10 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W131E Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, F-15 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W131F Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, F-16 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W131J Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, F-35 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W131K Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, B-52/B-2 (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2W131L Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, B-1 (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W131N Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, F/A-22 (Air Force
- Enlisted)
o 2W131Q Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, RPA (MQ-1/MQ-9)
o 2W131Z Aircraft Armament Systems Apprentice, All Other (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2W151 Aircraft Armament Systems Journeyman (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W171 Aircraft Armament Systems Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2W191 Aircraft Armament Systems Superintendent (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2W1X1 Aircraft Armament Systems (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 3051 Warehouse Clerk (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 3052 Packaging Specialist (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
o 3536 Vehicle Recovery Operator (Marine Corps - Enlisted)
Enlisted)
o 7051 Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting Specialist (Marine Corps -
Enlisted)
o 88T Railway Section Repairer (RC) (Army - Enlisted)
o 89B Ammunition Specialist (Army - Enlisted)
o ABH Aviation Boatswain's Mate, Aircraft Handling (Navy - Enlisted)
o AO Aviation Ordnanceman (Navy - Enlisted)
o EO Equipment Operator (Navy - Enlisted)
81
 NCAE/AFNR
 Keystone
Duties
 Moves levers or controls that operate lifting devices to load, unload,
transport or stack material
 Inspect product load for accuracy and safely move it around the warehouse
or facility to ensure timely and complete delivery
 Manually or mechanically load or unload materials from pallets, skids,
platforms, cars, lifting devices or other transport vehicles
 Positon lifting devices under, over, or around pallets, skids, or boxes and
secure material or products for transport to designated areas
 Weigh materials or products and record weight or other production data on
tags or labels
Knowledge
Skills
 Coordination
 Time management
82
 84% have High School diplomas or GED
 Credential
o Manufacturing Skills Standard Council offers the Certified Logistics
Associate credential which is offered as a part of some Career and
Technical Education programs and as a non-credit offering at some
Community Colleges

 Laborers and Hand Freight, Stock, and Material Movers (53-7062) (97%)
($13.33)
 Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers (53-3033) (96%) ($14.02)
 Hoist and Winch Operators (53-7041) (96%) ($21.81)
($15.77)
 Machine Feeders and Offbearers (53-7063) (95%) ($15.80)
Videos
chVideo=53-7051.00
83
Forestry, Lumber, and Wood Products
84
Fallers
Use axes or chainsaws to fell trees using knowledge of tree characteristics and
cutting techniques to control direction of fall and minimize tree damage.
Related Job Titles: Cutter Operator, Logger, Sawyer, Timber Cutter, Timber Faller,
Tree Faller, Tree Feller, Tree Topper
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 45-4021
 CIP
o 03.0510 Forest Resource Production and Management
o 03.0511 Forest Technology and Technician
o 03.0599 Forestry, Other
 2015 Jobs: 146
 WorkKeys: None
 NCAE/AFNR
o Natural Resource Systems Pathway
 Keystone
o BIO.B.4.2. Describe interactions and relationships in an ecosystem.
Duties
 Appraise trees for certain characteristics and gauge amount and direction of
lean to determine how to control the direction of a tree’s fall
85
 Saw back-cuts, leaving sufficient sound wood to control direction of fall
 Clear brush from work areas and escape routes and cut saplings and other
trees from direction of falls
 Measure felled trees and cut them into specific log lengths
Knowledge
 No knowledge met the minimum score
Skills
 Monitoring
 Judgment and decision-making

 56% have less than a High School diploma or GED
o Forestry Technology (1)

 Hand Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers (53-7062) (94%)
($13.33)
 Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood (51-7041) (94%)
($12.73)
 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop (45-2092.02) (94%) ($11.13)
 Logging Equipment Operators (45-4022) (93%) ($15.97)
 Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators (53-7051) (93%) ($16.79)
($15.77)
86
Logging Equipment Operator
Drive logging tractor or wheeled vehicle equipped with one or more accessories
such as bulldozer blade, frontal shear, grapple, logging arch, cable winches, hoisting
rack, or crane boom, to fell tree; to skid, load, unload, or stack logs; or to pull stumps
or clear brush.
Related Job Titles: Cutter Operator, Delimber Operator, Feller Buncher Operator,
Grapple Skidder Operator, Loader Operator, Log Processor Operator, Logging
Equipment Operator, Logging Shovel Operator, Skidder Driver, Skidder Operator
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 45-4022
 CIP
o 03.0510 Forest Resource Production and Management
o 03.0511 Forest Technology and Technician
o 03.0599 Forestry, Other
o 49.0202 Construction, Heavy Equipment, Earthmoving
Equipment Operation
 2015 Jobs: 820
 WorkKeys: None
 NCAE/AFNR
 Keystone
87
Duties
 Inspect equipment for safety prior to use and perform necessary basic
maintenance tasks
 Drive straight or articulated tractors to skid, load, unload, or stack logs, pull
stumps, or clear brush
 Drive crawler or wheeled tractors to drag or transport logs from felling sites
to log landing areas for processing and loading
 Drive tractors for the purpose of building or repairing logging and skid roads
 Grade logs according to characteristics such as knot size and straightness and
according to established industry or company standards
Knowledge
 Mechanical
Skills

 61% have less than a High School diploma or GED
o Forestry Technology (1)
o Construction/Heavy Equipment/Earthmoving Equipment Operation
(3)

 Hoist and Winch Operators (53-7041) (96%) ($21.81)
($12.73)
($15.77)
 Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators (53-7051) (95%) ($16.79)
 Refractory Materials Repairers (49-9045) (95%) ($19.63)
Videos
chVideo=45-4022.00
88
Sawing Machine Operator
Set up, operate, or tend wood sawing machines. May operate CNC equipment.
Includes lead sawyers.
Related Job Titles: Bandmill Operator, Cut Off Saw Operator, Edgerman, Knot Saw
Operator, Panel Saw Operator, Planer, Resaw Operator, Rip Saw Operator, Saw
Operator, Sawyer
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 51-7041
 CIP
o 48.0701 Woodworking, General
o 48.0702 Furniture Design and Manufacturing
o 48.0703 Cabinetmaking and Millwork
o 48.0799 Woodworking, Other
 2015 Jobs: 3,122
 Openings from 2015-2024: 1,300
 NCAE/AFNR
o Plant Systems
 Keystone
89
Duties
 Inspect and measure workpieces to mark for cuts and to verify the accuracy
of cuts
 Adjust saw blades
 Mount and bolt sawing blades or attachments to machine shafts
 Set up, operate, or tend saws or machines that cut or trim wood to specified
dimensions
 Inspect stock for imperfections or to estimate grades or qualities of stock or
workpieces
Knowledge
 Mechanical
Skills
 Monitoring

 59% have High School Diploma or GED
o Thaddeus Stevens College of Technology, Lancaster, PA (Associates
Degree)
o Cabinetmaking and Millwork (11)
 Credential

 Pipelayers (47-2151) (98%) ($17.81)
 Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operator, and Tenders,
Metal and Plastic (51-4072) (98%) ($15.90)
 Pourers and Casters, Metal (51-4052) (97%) ($16.98)
($15.77)
 Helpers-Production Workers (51-9198) (97%) ($12.76)
90
 Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders (51-9196) (97%)
($18.29)
91
Team Assembler
Work as part of a team having responsibility for assembling an entire product or

component of a product. Team assemblers can perform all tasks conducted by the
team in the assembly process and rotate through all or most of them rather than
being assigned to a specific task on a permanent basis. May participate in making
management decisions affecting the work. Includes team leaders who work as part
of the team.
Related Job Titles: Assembler, Assembly Associate, Assembly Line Machine

Operator, Assembly Line Worker, Assembly Operator, Certified Composites
Technician (CCT), Fabricator, Machine Operator, Operator Technician, Production
Associate
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 51-2092
 CIP
 2015 Jobs: 36,059
 Openings from 2015-2024: 7,850
 WorkKeys: None
o 2A713 Aircraft Structural Maintenance Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A715 Low Observable Aircraft Structural Maintenance Helper (Air
Force - Enlisted)
o 2A733 Aircraft Structural Maintenance Apprentice (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A735 Low Observable Aircraft Structural Maintenance Apprentice
o 2A753 Aircraft Structural Maintenance Journeyman (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A755 Low Observable Aircraft Structural Maintenance Journeyman
o 2A773 Aircraft Structural Maintenance Craftsman (Air Force -
Enlisted)
o 2A775 Low Observable Aircraft Structural Maintenance Craftsman
o 2A7X3 Aircraft Structural Maintenance (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 2A7X5 Low Observable Aircraft Structural Maintenance (Air Force -
Enlisted)
 NCAE/AFNR
92
o Plant Systems
 Keystone
Duties
 Rotate through all the tasks required in a particular production process
 Perform quality checks on products and parts
 Package finished products and prepare them for shipment
 Shovel, sweep, or otherwise clean work areas
 Review work orders and blueprints to ensure work is performed according
to specifications
Knowledge
Skills
 Coordination
 Monitoring

 86% had High School diplomas or GED
 Credential

($15.77)
93
($12.73)
 Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders (51-9196) (96%)
 Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers (51-2022) (96%) ($15.45)
94
Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Set up, operate, or tend paper goods machines that perform a variety of functions,
such as converting, sawing, corrugating, banding, wrapping, boxing, stitching,
forming, or sealing paper or paperboard sheets into products.
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 51-9196
 CIP
 2015 Jobs: 7,612
 NCAE/AFNR
 Keystone
Duties
 Examine completed work to detect defects and verify conformance to work
orders and adjust machinery as necessary to correction production problems
 Start machines and move controls to regulate tension on pressure rolls, to
synchronize speed of machine components, and to adjust temperatures of
glue or paraffin
 Adjust guide assemblies, forming bars, and folding mechanisms according to
specifications
 Install attachments to machines for gluing, folding, printing, or cutting
95
 Measure, space, and set saw blades, cutters, and perforators according to
product specifications
Knowledge
 Mechanical
Skills
 Operation management
 Monitoring
 Coordination

 75% have High School diploma or GED
 Credential

($12.73)
 Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
(51-4122) (97%) ($16.04)
 Solderers and Brazers (51-4121.07) (97%) ($18.18)
 Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders (51-9032)
(97%) ($16.07)
96
Sales Representative, Except Technical and Scientific Products
Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers to businesses or groups of individuals.

Work requires substantial knowledge of items sold.
Related Job Titles: Account Executive, Account Manager, Outside Sales, Outside
Sales Representative, Sales, Sales Consultant, Sales Director, Sales Rep, Sales
Representative, Salesman
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 41-4012
 CIP
o 01.0105 Agricultural and Farm Supplies Retailing and
Wholesaling
o 01.0201 Agricultural Mechanization, General
o 52.0208 E-Commerce and Electronic Commerce
o 52.1801 Sales Distribution, and Marketing Operations, General
o 52.1804 Selling Skills and Sales Operations
o 52.1907 Vehicle and Vehicle Parts and Accessories Marketing
Operations
o 52.1909 Special Products Marketing Operations
o 52.1999 Specialized Merchandising, Sales and Related Marketing
Operations
 2015 Jobs: 60,028
 Openings from 2015-2024: 14,180
o Sales, Distribution, and Marketing (52.1801)
 NCAE/AFNR
o Agribusiness Systems Pathway
 Keystone
o ALG1.2.1.1. Analyze and/or use patterns or relations.
o ALG1.2.3.2. Use data displays in problem-solving settings and/or to
make predictions.
97
o LIT.N.2.4. Use appropriate strategies to identify and analyze text
organization and structure in literary nonfiction.
o LIT.N.2.5. Use appropriate strategies to identify and analyze essential
and nonessential information in literary nonfiction.
Duties
 Contact regular and prospective customers to demonstrate products, explain
product features, and solicit orders
 Recommend products to customers based on customers’ needs and interests
 Answer customers’ questions about products, prices, availability, product
uses, and credit terms
 Estimate or quote prices, credit or contract terms, warranties, and delivery
dates
 Consult with clients after sales or contract signings to resolve problems and
to provide ongoing support
Knowledge
 Sales and marketing
Skills
 Speaking
 Persuasion
 Social perceptiveness

 77% require Bachelor’s degree
o General Sales, Distribution, and Marketing Operations
 West Chester University (Bachelor’s)
 Westmoreland County Community College (Associate’s)
 Harrisburg Area Community College (Associate’s
 Montgomery County Community College (Associate’s)
 Community College of Philadelphia (Associate’s)
o Special Products Marketing Operations
98
 St. Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA (Master’s and
Bachelor’s)
o General Sales, Distribution and Marketing Operations (32)

 Insurance Sales Agents (41-3021) (96%) ($25.71)
 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific
Products (41-4011) (96%) ($41.78)
 Retail Salespersons (41-2031) (96%) ($39.45)
 Customer Service Representatives (43-4051) (95%) ($15.66)
 Copy Writers (27-3043) (95%) ($20.37)
99
Conservation and Natural Resources
100
Soil and Water Conservationists
Plan or develop coordinated practices for soil erosion control, soil or water
conservation, or sound land use.
Related Job Titles: Conservationist, Environmental Analyst, Erosion Control

Specialist, Land Manager, Land Reclamation Specialist, Land Resource Specialist,
Resource Conservation Specialist, Resource Conservationist, Soil Conservationist,
Watershed Program Manager
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 19-1031.01
 CIP
o 01.0308 Agroecology and Sustainable Agriculture
o 03.0101 Natural Resources/Conservation, General
o 03.0199 Natural Resources Conservation and Research, Other
 2015 Jobs: 630
 WorkKeys: None
 NCAE/AFNR
o Animal/Plant Systems
o Environmental Service Systems
o Natural Resource Systems
o Power, Structural, and Technical Systems
 Keystone Assessment Anchors
Earth.
o BIO.B.4.2. Describe interactions and relationships in an ecosystem.
o LIT.N.2.4. Use appropriate strategies to identify and analyze text
organization and structure in literary nonfiction.
o ALG1.2.2.1. Describe, compute, and/or use the rate of change (slope)
of a line.
101
make predictions.
Duties
 Implement soil or water management techniques in accordance with
conservation plans
 Monitor projects during or after construction to ensure projects conform to
design specifications
 Visit areas affected by erosion problems to identify causes or determine
solutions
 Advise land users on plans, problems, or alternative conservation solutions
 Develop or maintain working relationships with local government staff or
board members
Knowledge
 Biology
 Engineering and technology
 Geography
Skills
 Speaking

 67% have a Bachelor’s degree
o General Natural Resources/Conservation
 Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA (Master’s)
 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (Master’s)
 Penn State University, State College, PA (Bachelor’s)
o Natural Resources Management and Policy, Other
 Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA (Master’s)
 Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA (Master’s)
 Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA (
o Natural Resources Management and Policy, Other (2)
102
 Environmental Restoration Planners (19-2041.02) (97%) ($32.65)
 Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists (19-1023) (95%) ($25.27)
 Soil and Plant Scientists (19-1013) (94%) ($24.36)
 Occupational Health and Safety Technicians (29-9012) (94%) ($22.70)
 Energy Auditors (13-1199.01) (93%) ($35.01)
Videos
chVideo=19-1031.00
103
Agriculture Technician
Set up or maintain laboratory equipment and collect samples from crops or animals.
Prepare specimens or record data to assist scientists in biology or related life
science experiments.
Related Job Titles: Agricultural Research Technician, Agricultural Research

Technologist, Agricultural Technician, Laboratory Technician (Lab Tech), Research
Assistant, Research Associate, Research Specialist, Research Technician, Seed
Analyst, Senior Agricultural Assistant
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 19-4011.01
 CIP
o 01.0903 Animal Health
o 01.0999 Animal Sciences, Other
o 01.1001 Food Science
o 01.1002 Food Technology and Processing
o 01.1099 Food Science and Technology, Other
o 01.1199 Plant Science, Other
o 01.1201 Soil Science and Agronomy, General
o 01.1203 Soil Chemistry and Physics
o 01.1203 Soil Microbiology
o 01.1299 Soil Sciences, Other
o 41.0399 Physical Science Technologies/Technicians, Other
o 41.9999 Science Technologies/Technicians, Other
 2015 Jobs: 459
 WorkKeys: None
104
 NCAE/AFNR
o Animal Systems
o Biotechnology Systems
o Food Products and Processing Systems
o Plant Systems
 Keystone
function at various levels of biochemical organization.
in the study of the theory of evolution.
o ALG1.2.3.1. Use measures of dispersion to describe a set of data.
make predictions.
Duties
 Record data pertaining to experimentation, research, or animal care
 Measure or weigh ingredients used in laboratory testing
 Prepare data summaries, reports, or analyses that include results, charts, or
graphs to document research findings
 Set up laboratory or field equipment as required for site testing
 Prepare laboratory samples for analysis, following proper protocols to
ensure that they will be stored, prepared, and disposed of efficiently and
effectively
Knowledge
 Mathematics
 Biology
 Chemistry
105
Skills
 Writing

 32% have Master’s degree; 29% have Bachelor’s degree; 18% have
Associates degree
o Penn State University
 General Animal Sciences (Doctoral, Master’s, and Bachelor’s)
 Food Science (Doctor’s, Master’s, and Bachelor’s)
 Agronomy and Crop Science (Doctoral, Master’s, and
Bachelor’s)
o Delaware Valley University
 General Animal Sciences (Bachelor’s)
 Dairy Science (Bachelor’s)
 Food Science (Bachelor’s)
o Temple University
 Food Science (Master’s)

 Environmental Science and Protection Technicians including Health (19-
4091) (94%) ($19.71)
 Environmental Restoration Planners (19-2041.02) (93%) ($32.65)
 Food Science Technicians (19-4011.02) (92%) ($18.86)
 Geophysical Data Technicians (19-4041.01) (92%) ($26.75)
106
Animal Health and Veterinary Services
107
Veterinarians
Diagnose, treat, or research diseases and injuries of animals. Includes veterinarians

who conduct research and development, inspect livestock, or care for pets and
companion animals.
Related Job Titles: Associate Veterinarian, Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM),

Emergency Veterinarian, Equine Vet (Equine Veterinarian), Mixed Animal
Veterinarian, Small Animal Veterinarian, Staff Veterinarian, Veterinarian (VET),
Veterinary Medicine Doctor (DVM), Veterinary Surgeon
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 29-1131
 CIP
o 51.0000 Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General
o 51.1104 Pre-Veterinary Studies
 2015 Jobs: 3,356
 Openings from 2015-2024: 1,560
 WorkKeys: None
o 43V1E Veterinary Clinician, Laboratory Animal (Air Force -
Commissioned Officer only)
o 64A Field Veterinary Service (Army - Commissioned Officer only)
o 64B Veterinary Preventive Medicine (Army - Commissioned Officer
only)
o 64B Veterinary Staff Officer (Army - Commissioned Officer only)
o 64C Veterinary Laboratory Animal Medicine (Army - Commissioned
Officer only)
o 64C Veterinary Laboratory Animal Medicine Officer (Army -
o 64D Veterinary Pathology (Army - Commissioned Officer only)
o 64D Veterinary Pathologist (Army - Commissioned Officer only)
o 64E Veterinary Comparative Medicine (Army - Commissioned
Officer only)
o 64E Veterinary Microbiologist (Army - Commissioned Officer only)
o 64F Veterinary Clinical Medicine (Army - Commissioned Officer
only)
108
o 64F Veterinary Comparative Medicine Officer (Army -
o 64Z Senior Veterinarian (Immaterial) (Army - Commissioned Officer
only)
o 75B Veterinary Preventive Medicine (Army - Commissioned Officer
only)
o 75C Veterinary Laboratory Animal Medicine (Army - Commissioned
Officer only)
o 75D Veterinary Pathology (Army - Commissioned Officer only)
o 75F Veterinary Comparative Medicine (Army - Commissioned
Officer only)
 NCAE/AFNR
o Agribusiness Systems Pathway
 ABS.02.01. Apply fundamental accounting principles, systems,
tools and applicable laws and regulations to record, track and
audit AFNR business transactions (e.g., accounts, debits,
credits, assets, liabilities, equity, etc.).
 AS.04.01. Evaluate animals for breeding readiness and
soundness.
o Career Ready Practices
 CRP.06.01. Synthesize information, knowledge and experience
to generate original ideas and challenge assumptions in the
workplace and community.
 Keystone
o A1.2.1.1. Analyze a set of data for the existence of a pattern and
represent the pattern algebraically and/or graphically.
o A1.2.2.2. Draw, identify, find, and/or write an equation for a line of
best fit for a scatter plot.
o BIO.A.3.2. Identify and describe how organisms obtain and transform
energy for their life processes.
analysis of a text.
109
Duties
 Examine animals to detect and determine the nature of diseases or injuries
 Treat sick or injured animals by prescribing medication, setting bones,
dressing wounds, or performing surgery
 Collect body tissue, feces, blood, urine, or other body fluids for examination
and analysis
 Inoculate animals against various diseases such as rabies or distemper
 Counsel owners about euthanasia decisions for the animal
Knowledge
 Medicine and dentistry
 Biology
 Mathematics
Skills
 Science
 Complex problem solving
 Speaking

 75% have a Doctoral degree
 Veterinary Medicine
o University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (Doctors)
 Pre-Veterinary Studies
o Penn State University – Main Campus (Bachelors)
o Drexel University – Postbaccalaureate Certificate

 Orthodontists (29-1023) (96%) ($96.90)
 Obstetricians and Gynecologists (29-1064) (94%) ($94.42)
 Physician Assistants (29-1071) (94%) ($42.91)
 Nurse Midwives (29-1161) (93%) ($44.13)
 Veterinary Technologists and Technicians (29-2056) (91%) ($16.44)
 Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists (19-1023) (90%) ($25.27)
Videos
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBuD_P-
bqOI&index=40&list=PLirgxJFbtsml2Ak2p3HhK7q2vsq1uyFRB
110
chVideo=29-1131.00
111
Veterinary Technologists and Technicians
Perform medical tests in a laboratory environment for use in the treatment and
diagnosis of diseases in animals. Prepare vaccines and serums for prevention of
diseases. Prepare tissue samples, take blood samples, and execute laboratory tests,
such as urinalysis and blood counts. Clean and sterilize instruments and materials
and maintain equipment and machines. May assist a veterinarian during surgery.
Related Job Titles: Certified Veterinary Technician (CVT), Emergency Veterinary

Technician, Internal Medicine Veterinary Technician, Licensed Veterinary
Technician (LVT), Medical Technologist, Registered Veterinary Technician (RVT),
Veterinary Assistant, Veterinary Laboratory Technician (Veterinary Lab Tech),
Veterinary Nurse, Veterinary Technician (Vet Tech)
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 29-2056
 CIP
o 51.0808 Veterinary/Animal Health Technology and Veterinary
Assistant
 2015 Jobs: 4,545
 Openings from 2015-2024: 1,611
o 68T Animal Care Specialist (Army - Enlisted)
 NCAE/AFNR
 AS.03.03. Utilize industry tools to make animal nutrition
decisions.
o Biotechnology Systems Pathway
 BS.02.02. Implement standard operating procedures for the
proper maintenance, use and sterilization of equipment in a
laboratory.
 CRP.02.02. Use strategic thinking to connect and apply
technical concepts to solve problems in the workplace and
community.
 Keystone
112
o A1.1.2.1. Write, solve, and/or apply a linear equation (including
problem situations).
analysis of a text.
Duties
 Care for and monitor the condition of animals recovering from surgery
 Maintain controlled drug inventory and related log books
 Administer anesthesia to animals under the direction of an veterinarian and
monitor animals’ responses so that dosages can be adjusted
 Restrain animals during exams or procedures
 Administer emergency first aid as required
Knowledge
 Biology
 Mathematics
 Medicine and dentistry
Skills
 Speaking
 Monitoring

 68% have an Associate’s Degree
o Veterinary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veterinary
Assistant
(Associate’s)
113
(Associate’s)
(Associate’s)
Assistant (8)

 Surgical Technologists (29-2055) (96%) ($19.41)
 Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians (29-2012) (96%) ($18.35)
 Dental Assistants (31-9091) (95%) ($15.92)
 Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers (31-9096) (95%)
($11.10)
 Medical Assistants (31-9092) (94%) ($14.36)
Videos
chVideo=29-2056.00
114
Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretaker
Feed, water, and examine pets and other nonfarm animals for signs of illness,
disease, or injury in laboratories and animal hospitals and clinics. Clean and
disinfect cages and work areas, and sterilize laboratory and surgical equipment. May
provide routine post-operative care, administer medication orally or topically, or
prepare samples for laboratory examination under the supervision of veterinary or
laboratory animal technologists or technicians, veterinarians, or scientists.
Related Job Titles: Animal Care Provider, Animal Caregiver, Avian Keeper,
Emergency Veterinary Assistant, Research Animal Attendant, Small Animal
Caretaker, Technician Assistant, Veterinarian Assistant, Veterinary Assistant (Vet
Assistant), Veterinary Technician Assistant (Vet Tech Assistant)
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 31-9096
 CIP
o 51.0808 Veterinary/Animal Health Technology and Veterinary
Assistant
 2015 Jobs: 2,672
 WorkKeys: None
 NCAE/AFNR
 AS.04.01. Evaluate animals for breeding readiness and
soundness.
 CRP.02.02. Use strategic thinking to connect and apply
technical concepts to solve problems in the workplace and
community.
 Keystone
o A1.2.3.2. Estimate or calculate to make predictions based on a circle,
line, bar graph, measure of central tendency, or other representation.
115
analysis of a text.
Duties
 Hold or restrain animals during veterinary procedures
 Clean and maintain kennels, animal holding areas, examination or operating
rooms, or animal loading or unloading facilities to control the spread of
disease
 Fill medication prescriptions
 Assist veterinarians in examining animals to determine the nature of
illnesses or injuries
 Monitor animals recovering from surgery and notify veterinarians of any
unusual changes or symptoms
Knowledge
 Biology
 Mathematics
 Sales and marketing
Skills
 Monitoring
 Service orientation
 Active learning

 34% have a High School diploma or GED, 33% have an Associate’s degree
Assistant
116
(Associate’s)
(Associate’s)
(Associate’s)
Assistant (8)

 Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria (35-2012) (95%) ($12.28)
 Pharmacy Technicians (29-2052) (95%) ($13.87)
 Dental Assistants (31-9091) (95%) ($15.92)
 Cashiers (41-2011) (95%) ($9.06)
 Home Health Aides (31-1011) (95%) ($9.93)
Videos
chVideo=31-9096.00
117
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
Perform routine medical laboratory tests for the diagnosis, treatment, and
prevention of disease.
Related Job Titles: Certified Clinical Laboratory Technician, Clinical Laboratory

Scientist, Clinical Laboratory Technician (Clinical Lab Technician), Laboratory
Assistant (Lab Assistant), Laboratory Supervisor, Laboratory Technician, Medical
Laboratory Technician (MLT), Medical Laboratory Technicians (Medical Lab
Technician), Medical Technician
Vital Statistics
 SOC: 29-2012
 CIP
o 51.0000 Health Services, Allied Health, Health Sciences, General
o 51.0802 Clinical, Medical Laboratory Assistant
o 51.1099 Clinical, Medical Laboratory Science and Allied
Professions, Other
 2015 Jobs: 9,302
 Openings from 2015-2024: 4,070
o 001359 Histopathology Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 001382 Medical Laboratory Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 001394 Urology Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
o 18D Special Forces Medical Sergeant (Army - Enlisted)
o 4T011 Medical Laboratory Helper (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 4T031 Medical Laboratory Apprentice (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 4T051 Medical Laboratory Journeyman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 4T071 Medical Laboratory Craftsman (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 4T0X1 Medical Laboratory (Air Force - Enlisted)
o 68K Medical Laboratory Specialist (Army - Enlisted)
o 8503 Histopathology Technician (Navy - Enlisted)
 Program of Study; None
 NCAE/AFNR
o Biotechnology Systems
 BS.02.02. Assemble, interpret and analyze financial
information and reports to monitor AFNR business
performance and support decision-making (e.g., income
statements, balance sheets, cash-flow analysis, inventory
reports, break-even analysis, return on investment, taxes, etc.).
118
 BS.02.03. Apply standard operating procedures for the safe
handling of biological and chemical materials in a laboratory.
 CRP.06.02. Assess a variety of workplace and community
situations to identify ways to add value and improve the
efficiency of processes and procedures.
 Keystone
o A1.2.2.1. Describe, compute, and/or use the rate of change (slope) of a
line.
analysis of a text.
Duties
 Conduct chemical analyses of body fluids to detect abnormalities or diseases
 Analyze the results of tests or experiments to ensure conformity to
specifications
 Set up, maintain, calibrate, clean, and test sterility of medical laboratory
equipment
 Prepare standard volumetric solutions or reagents to be combined with
sample following standardized formulas or experimental procedures
 Collect blood or tissue samples from patients
Knowledge
 Biology
 Chemistry
 Mathematics
Skills
 Speaking
 Science
119
 46% have a Bachelor’s degree, 31% have an Associate’s degree
o Clinical/Medical Laboratory Assistant
 Fortis Institute, Scranton, PA (Associate’s)
 Star Career Academy, Philadelphia, PA
o Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician
 Clarion University, Clarion, PA (Bachelor’s)
 Mansfield University, Mansfield, PA (Bachelor’s)
 McCann School of Business and Technology, Pottsville, PA
(Associate’s)
 Community College of Allegheny County, Pittsburg, PA
(Associate’s)
(Associate’s)
 Penn State, Hazleton, PA (Associate’s)
 Laurel Technical Institute, Sharon, PA (Associate’s)
 Montgomery County Community College, Blue Bell, PA
(Associate’s)
 Laurel Business Institute, Uniontown, PA (Associate’s)
 Mt. Aloysius College, Cresson, PA (Associate’s)
 Mercyhurst University, North East, PA (Associate’s)

 Nuclear Medicine Technologists (29-2033) (97%) ($32.21)
 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians (29-2056) (96%) ($25.01)
 Quality Control Analyst (19-4099.01) (96%) ($22.47)
 Veterinary Technologists and Techncians (29-2056) (95%) (16.44)
 Endoscopy Technicians (31-9099.02) (95%) ($19.67)
Videos
chVideo=29-2012.00
120
Questions or Comments
Scott J. Sheely
Special Assistant for Workforce Development
PA Department of Agriculture
2301 N. Cameron St.
Harrisburg, PA 17110
717-346-0426
scsheely@pa.gov
Revised January 19, 2016
121

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Agriculture and Food Careers in Pennsylvania

Addressing this shortage can be accomplished using existing concepts and

As the PA Department of Agriculture moves into the project, we have collected a

Farming and Agricultural Operations

 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Worker

Forestry, Lumber, and Wood Products

Conservation and Natural Resources

 Soil and Water Conservationists

Summary statement comes directly from the O*Net profile.

 SOC is Standard Occupational Classification system from the Bureau of Labor

Education, Training, and Certificates comes from several sources.

Plan, direct, or coordinate the management or operation of farms, ranches,

Education, Training, and Certificates

Top Compatible Occupations

Directly supervise and coordinate activities of animal husbandry or animal care

Top Compatible Occupations

Related Job Titles: Agricultural Mechanic, Agricultural Technician, Farm Equipment

Education, Training, and Certificates

Top Compatible Occupations

 Operate tractors, tractor-drawn machinery, and self-propelled machinery to

 No knowledge met the minimum score

 Operation and control

Education, Training, and Certificates

Top Compatible Occupations

 Pourers and Casters (51-4052) (96%) ($16.98)

 Administration and Management

 3% have a Post-Secondary Certificate, 43% have a High School diploma or

Top Compatible Occupations

 Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders (51-9111) (97%)

Landscape or maintain grounds of property using hand or power tools or

Related Job Titles: Gardener, Greenskeeper, Grounds Maintenance Worker, Grounds

 Gather and remove litter.

 Operation and control

Education, Training, and Certificates

 4% have Bachelor’s degrees, 2% have Associate’s degree, 16% have a Post-

Top Compatible Occupations

 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand

Related Job Titles: Batching Operator, Blender, Brewing Technician, Compounder,

Education, Training, and Certificates

Top Compatible Occupations

Operate or tend machines to prepare industrial or consumer products for storage or

Related Job Titles: A-Operator, Adjuster/Packer, Bundler, Chemical Operator,

Education, Training, and Certificates

Top Compatible Occupations

Mix and bake ingredients to produce baked goods.

Education, Training, and Certificates

Top Compatible Occupations

Education, Training, and Certificates

Top Compatible Occupations

Work in slaughtering, meat packing, or wholesale establishments performing

Education, Training, and Certificates

Top Compatible Occupations

Education, Training, and Certificates

Top Compatible Occupations

Inspect, test, sort, sample, or weigh non-agricultural raw materials or processed,

Education, Training, and Certificates

Top Compatible Occupations