PROF ED 10 MODULE 2- MIDTERM

Chapter 3
Learning Outcomes
 At the end of this chapter, you should be able to develop a clear and practical understanding of
the following:
o Develop understanding of the working definition of social literacy
o Explain the roles of parents in teaching social skills to children and;
o Discuss and examine issues in social literacy
Social Literacy
- Social Literacy concerns itself with the development of social skills, knowledge and positive
human values that enable human beings to act positively and responsibly in range of
complex social settings.
- It is the knowledge of how to behave and treat other people in a way that is morally
upright, just, and equitable, with a view of promoting positive and productive relations that
are free from unfair prejudices, hate and discrimination.
- Morally upright – refers to thoughts, speech, actions and motivations that adhere to a
standard of right and wrong.
- Just-refers to speech, actions and behaviors that are in-line with a fixed standard of justice
---a system that promotes a rewards good and at the same time punishes wrongdoing.
- Equitable are the speech, actions and behaviors and decisions that treat others fairly,
regardless of background or circumstances.
- Equality- connotes a fixed standard of treatment for all people
- Equity- seeks the good of others, and labors to find means by which everyone gets ‘’what
they need’’ rather than simply ‘’ everyone gets the same things in the same amount.’’
- Peers and schools play a formative role on social skills development of children
- There are several types of social skills that must be mastered for a child to be socially adept.
The following examples represent some of the fundamental principles of relating well to
others. Children with social skills deficits can be taught these skills directly by parents,
teachers and or professionals using the strategies of modelling, role playing, rehearsal and
practice.
 Greeting – children develop relationships with peers by interacting with them.
Greeting others is done not only with words like ‘’hi’’ or ‘’how are you? But with
the facial expression, tone of voice and gestures such as a nod or a wave.
 Initiating Conversation – in order to carry on a conversation, a child must be able
to initiate, maintain and close conversation appropriately. This requires good
listening and attention skills, as well as the ability to take turn and probe for
missing information.
 Understanding the listener – once a conversation is initiated, it has to be
maintained. In order to do that, it is important to understand the audience one is
talking to.
 Empathizing – It means that one is able to feel what the other person feels.
Empathy allows one to really connect with other people.
 Reading the Social Cues – Cues are the signals that guide us to the next thing to
say or do.
  Previewing or Planning – Conversations also require that one previews or thinks
about what effect the words or actions may have on the listeners before he says
or does them. If the impact is negative, one can adjust what he might say or do.
 Problem – Solving – Conflict s cannot be avoided and are often necessary to clear
the air’’. Turning a conflict from a ‘’win-lose’’ situation to a ‘’win-win’’ situation is
the best way to resolve conflict. This requires negotiation and compromise, give
and take results in a situation where all parties can live with and help maintain
friendships.
 Apologizing – A person with good social skills is confident enough to make a
sincere apology for her error. This is a courageous act and is the quickest and
easiest way to correct a social blunder. Apologizing is a sign of humble and
mature character when one commits mistakes.

The Role of Parents and Teachers in Teaching Social Skills to Children

Parent typically play a major role in teaching children’s social skills. Parents can directly
teach social skills. Parents can directly teach social skills by modelling, role-playing, and providing
opportunities for their child to rehearse and practice new skills. They should encourage and praise the
child for successfully using a new skill. Professionals typically intervene only when children are having
substantial social difficulty with peers. These individuals can implement structured, guide, and effective
programs that often involve group work with peers. Children must then generalize the skills they learn in
the group to school and personal social situations.
School is the place where children spend the majority of their time with peers. It is,
therefore, a natural and perfect setting for children to learn and practice social skills. While the teachers
do not have to teach a class in social skills,
- they can take advantage of every opportunity to help children improve their social skills.
- they should be alert to teasing and bullying and aware of children that are rejected or
ignored by their peers.
- they should work cooperatively with the children’s parents to prevent the humiliation,
embarrassment and distress that befall these children.
- pairing a socially inept child with socially adept one
- involving children in cooperative instead of competitive learning exercises
- identifying and acknowledging the strengths of all children
- understanding social weaknesses
- creating an environment in which diversity is accepted and celebrated can greatly enhance
all children’s social abilities, sense of belongingness, and self –esteem, not just in the
classroom but in life as well.

Issues in Teaching Social Literacy

- The acquisition of social literacy is a complex process that is historically and culturally
conditioned and context-specific.
- children learn through social practices, both explicit and implicit, and become human
through social interaction.
- nevertheless, it is also the case that children engage in social activity before they are taught
it; in other words, children are disposed to be social before they learn what socially is all
about.
- Teaching social literacy in schools is not as easy as it appears to be due to subjective
standards of morality and inherent human capacity to judge and make excuses.
SUMMARY
 Social Literacy concerns itself with the development of social skills, knowledge and positive
human values that enable human beings to act positively and responsibly in range of complex
social settings.
 Social skills range from the ability to initiate, maintain, and end a conversation to reading social
signals to more complex skills such as solving problem and resolving conflict.
The modern age calls for young professionals to develop situational awareness and social
intelligence in both technological and traditional communication to succeed in their academic
and career endeavors.
 Peers and schools play a formative role on the social development of children.

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER:

1. Are you more of a listener or a talker? Which social skill/s do you thinks you need to develop? In
what ways can you develop it/ them?
2. If you were a parent at this time, what would you teach your children on social literacy? How
would you teach them?
3. If you were an employer, what would you look for the aspirants or applicants to your company?
4. How do computer technology and social media affect your social skills and that of your peers?
Cite positive and negative impacts of digital technology to communication?

Chapter 4
Learning Outcomes
 At the end of this chapter, you should be able to develop a clear and practical understanding of
the following:
o Define financial literacy using set of standards and questions;
o Characterize financial literacy in the Philippines; and
o Start practical steps to develop personal financial literacy.
Financial Literacy
 The National Endowment Financial Education defines financial literacy as ‘’the ability to read,
analyze, manage, and communicate about the personal financial conditions that affects material
well- being. It includes the ability to discern financial choices, discuss many and financial issues
without [or despite] discomfort, plan for the future, and respond competently to life events that
affect every day financial decision, including events in the general economy.
 Incharge Education Foundation, 2017 defines it as the ability to use knowledge and skills to
manage one’s financial resources effectively for lifetime financial security.
 Public and Private institutions alike have recognized the need for financial literacy to be
incorporated in the school curriculum.
 Financial education and advocacy programs of the public and private sectors have been identified
as key areas in building an improved financial system in the Philippines.
 Republic Act 10922, otherwise known as the Economic and Financial Literacy Act, mandates Dep.
Ed to ensure that economic and financial education becomes an integral part of formal learning.

The Benefits of Financial Literacy

- One’s level of financial literacy affects one’s quality of life significantly
- It determines one’s ability to provide basic needs, attitude toward money and investment,
as well as one’s contribution to the community.
 - Financial literacy enables people to understand and apply knowledge and skills to achieve a
lifestyle that is financially balanced, sustainable, ethical and responsible.

Financial Literacy in the Philippines

- In his article ‘’ State of the Financial Education in the Philippines’’, Go [2017] indicated
several findings of researches with regards to the state of financial literacy in the country
including the following:
 World Bank study in 2014 estimated 20 million Filipinos saved money but only half had bank
accounts.
 Asian Development Bank [ADB] study in 2015 revealed that PH does not have a national strategy
for financial education and literacy.
 In 2016, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas [BSP] released the national strategy for financial inclusion,
stating that while institutions strive to broaden financial services, financial literacy should also
complement such initiatives.
 As per Standard & Poor’s [S&P] Ratings services last year, only 25% of Filipino are financially
literate. This means that about 75 million Filipinos have no idea about inflation, risk
diversification, insurance, compound interest, and bank savings.
 Ten years after discovery of the stock market, still less than one percent of PH population is
invested in it.
 More than 80% of the working middle class have no formal financial plan.
 Because of these findings, public and private sectors alike have recognized the need to
strengthen financial education of the country.

Developing Personal Financial Literacy

One’s attitude about money is heavily influence by the parent’s attitude and behavior
about money. The attitudes you formed early in life probably affect hoe you save, spend, and invest
today.
 There are six major characteristics types in how people view money [ Incharge, 2017].
- Frugal: Frugal people seek financial security by living below their means and saving money.
They rarely buy luxurious items, they save money instead.
- Pleasure: Pleasure seekers use money to bring pleasure to themselves and to others. They
are likely to spend than to save.
- Status: Some people use money to express their social status. They like to purchase and
‘’show off’’ their branded items.
- Indifference: Some people place very little importance on having money and would rather
grow their own food and craft their own clothes. It is as if having too much money makes
them nervous and uncomfortable.
- Powerful: Powerful people use money to express power or control over others.
- Self-worth: People who send money for self-worth value how they accumulate and tend to
judge others based on the amount of money they have.

NEEDS VS WANTS:
Financial discipline starts with an ability to recognize whether expenses are needs or
wants and followed by the ability to prioritize needs over wants. Needs are essential to our
survival. Wants are things that you would like to have but you can live without.
SUMMARY:

 Financial Literacy is the ability to use knowledge and skills to manage one’s financial resources
effectively for lifetime financial security.
 Financial Literacy enables people to understand and apply knowledge and skills to achieve a
lifestyle that is financially balanced, sustainable, ethical and responsible.
 Standards for developing understanding of financial literacy includes earning income, buying
goods and services, saving, using credit, financial investing, protecting and insuring.

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER:

1. What is financial literacy? Explain.

2. Differentiate budgeting, saving, spending and investing.

BUDGETING SAVING SPENDING INVESTING

3. How can we say that a person is financially stable?