Chapter 18

Class Practice 18.1

a. 2NaOH + H2 SO4 → Na2 SO4 + 2H2 O

H + + OH − → H2 O
b. CH3 COOH + KOH → CH3 COOK + H2 O
CH3 COOH + OH − → CH3 COO − + H2 O
c. 3HNO3 + Al(OH)3 (s) → Al(NO3)3 + 3H2O

Al(OH)3 (s) + 3H + → Al3+ + 3H2 O

d. F e2 O3 (s) + 6HCl → 2F eCl2 + 3H2 O
F e2 O3 (s) + 6H + → 2F e2 + +3H2 O

Class Practice 18.2

↑Temp ∵ neutralisation releases heat
Max. rate → All HCl just completely reacted
Excess NaOH cool down the solution

a. 20 cm3

b. (i) Alkaline

(ii) For equal concentrations of NaOH(aq) and HCl(aq), equal volumes

would neutralise each other.

c. Exothermic reaction

d.

Preparation of salt

Class Practice 18.6

Chapter 18 1
 Which of the following salts can be prepared by acid-alkali titration? Suggest the acid
and alkali used in such titration.

a. Sodium nitrate → ✅ HNO (aq) + NaOH(aq)/Na CO (aq)

3 2 3

b. Ammonium chloride → ✅ NH (aq) + HCl(aq) → NH Cl(aq) 【❌

3 4
H O FORMED in the product side】
2

c. Magnesium nitrate → ❌ Mg(OH) is insoluble in water

2

d. Lead(II) nitrate → ❌ P b(OH) is insoluble in water

2

Class Practise 18.5

1. (a) Two magnesium compounds: MgO(s) , Mg(OH)2 , MgCO3 (s)

An acid: HCl
(b) 󾠮 MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl (aq) + H O(l)
2 2
→ MgO dissolves to give a colourless solution
Mg(OH)2  Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + 2H2 O(l)
→ Mg(OH)2 dissolves to give a colourless solution
󾠰  MgCO3 (s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2 O(l)
→ MgCO3 dissolves to give a colourless solution / colourless gas bubbles

2. (a) CaCO3 (s) + H2 SO4 (aq) → CaSO4 (s) + CO2 (g) + H2 O(l)
(b) Calcium sulphate is insoluble.
The undissolved salt forms a protective layer on the unchanged calcium
carbonate,
preventing further reaction.

3. Add zinc carbonate to dilute HCl until it is in excess

Filter the mixture and collect the filtrate (i.e. ZnCl2 (aq))
Heat the filtrate until it becomes saturated. Then, allow it to cool slowly to
room temperature. Zinc chloride crystals will form after some time
Filter the remaining solution obtain the crystals. Wash the crystals with a little
cold distilled water. Finally dry the crystals using filter paper.

Uses of neutralisation

1. Control of soil pH

soil becomes too acidic for the plant growth → minerals become more
soluble and washed away easily

Chapter 18 2
 Add limestone CaCO3 / slaked lime Ca(OH)2 ← both insoluble

Soil becomes too alkaline for the plant growth → Minerals become insoluble
(formation of ppt)

Add ammonium sulphate (NH4)2 SO4

2. Medical

[Q3: CO2 produced would build up pressure in the stomach, making the patient
uncomfortable]
[Q4: To break down the tablets into smaller pieces so as to increase the total surface
area. This increases the rate of reaction. (the larger the total surface area of the
tablets, the faster the tablets can neutralise the acid in the gastric juice. Thus, the
pain can be relieved more quickly)]

3. 2Treatment of industrial waste disposal (use large amount of acid in the process)

Use alkalis slaked lime Ca(OH)2 / Na2 CO3

Class Practise 18.8

1. Ca(OH)2 (s) + 2H + (aq) → Ca2 + (aq) + 2H2 O(l)

2. Correct. Egg shells contain CaCO3 , which can neutralise the acid in soil

Chapter 18 3