First important drug traffic route:

MIDDLE EAST- discovery, plantation, cultivation, harvest.

TURKEY - preparation for distribution.
EUROPE - manufacture, synthesis, refine
U.S - marketing

It is noted that plants such as the opium poppy, as sources of dangerous drugs are cultivated
and harvested mostly in the areas of middle east while Europe become the center for the drug
manufacture and synthesis. United States become the overall center for drug marketing.

Second major Drug Trafficking route:

1. Golden Triangle
Burma/Myanmar

Laos Thailand

South East Asia- the golden triangle approximately produced 60% of opium in the world, 90% of opium
in the eastern part of Asia. It is also acknowledged source of Southeast Asian Heroin.

Heroin is produced in the golden triangle and pass through nearby countries in relatively small
quantities through air transport while in transit to the United States and Europe countries.

2. Golden Crescent
 Iran
 Afghanistan
 Pakistan
 India

In Southeast Asia- the Golden Crescent is the Major supplier of opium poppy, MJ, heroin products in the
Western part of Asia. It produces at least 85% to 90% of all elicit heroin channeled in the drug
underworld market.

The world’s drug scene:

1. Middle East- the Becka Valley of Lebanon is considered to be the biggest producer of cannabis in
the Middle East. Lebanon also became the transit country for cocaine from south America to
Europe illicit drug markets.
2. Spain- known as the major transshipment point for international drug trafficking in Europe and
became the paradise of drug users in Europe.
 3. South America- Columbia, Peru, Uruguay, and Panama are the principal sources of all cocaine
supply in the World due to the robust production of coca plants-sources of the cocaine drug.
4. Mexico- is known in the world to be the number one producer of marijuana (cannabis sativa)
5. Philippines- second to Mexico as to the products of marijuana. It also became the major
transshipment point for the worldwide distribution of illegal drugs particularly shabu and
cocaine from the Taiwan and South America. It is also noted that Philippines today is known as
the drug abusers in Asia.
6. 11. Japan- became the major consumer of cocaine and shabu from the United States and
Europe.

Organized Crime Groups behind the Global Drug Scene:

1. Colmbia Medellin Cartel

Founded during the 1980’s by Columbian drug lords in the name of Pablo Escobar Gaviria
and drug bosses Jose Gonzalo Rodrigues Gacha and the top aid cocaine barons Juan David and the
Ochoa Brothers.

The Medellin Cartel is reputedly responsible for organizing world’s drug trafficking network.

2. The Cali Cartel

The downfall of the Medellin Cartel is the rise of the Cali Cartel-the newly emerged cocaine
monopoly.

The cartel produces over 90% of cocaine in the world. Due to this, it was called the best
and the brightest of the modern underworld. “they are professionals of the highest order, intelligent,
efficient, imaginative, and nearly impenetrable”- US Drug Enforcement Agency.

Gilberto Rodriguez Orajuela- better known as Don Chepe “the

chest player” heads the syndicated organization. Under him,
the Cali Cartel was considered the most powerful criminal
organization in the world.

3. The Chinese Triad

Also called the Chinese Mafia is the oldest and biggest criminal organization in the world.
It is believed to be the controller of the “Golden triangle” with international connections on drug
trafficking.
 DRUG SYNDICATES IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Binondo-based Chinese Syndicates

Has been identified as the nucleus of the Triad Society, the Bamboo gang based in
Taiwan and the 14K based in Hong Kong. The Bamboo Gang is the influencer of the Green Gang
of the Chinese Triad while 14K is the newest among the Triads families only established in 1947.

2. The Filipino-Chinese drug syndicates

Are groups responsible in smuggling shabu into the country. Most drug couriers use
Hong Kong and Taiwan as their embarkation points of the Philippines. And recently,
intelligence reports reveal that large quintets of shabu are smuggled in the country
directly from mainland China through commercial airlines and ocean-sea vessels.

The most common “modus operandi” by the syndicates-posing as fishermen along the
Philippine sea, particularly, the northern provinces of Luzon such as La Union, Ilocos,
and Pangasinan where they drop their load of shabu to shoreline-based members. The
syndicates are famously in marijuana cultivation and another drug smuggling including
drug manufacture.

Republic Act No. 9165

RA No 9165 otherwise known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002, which was
passed into law on June 7, 2002, overhauled the 30-year old Dangerous Drug Act of 1972. The
new law increases penalties for drug related offenses while placing more emphasis on the
rebuilding of lives through rehabilitation and treatment.
The law is primarily designed to safeguard the well-being of its citizenry especially the youth
from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs. Its provisions against the use of dangerous drugs
show the intent of the present legislature to pursue an intensive and unrelenting campaign to
eliminate the drug menace and reintegrate its victims into society.
Repealing RA 6425, the dangerous Drug Act of 1972
Approved and signed by the President of June 7, 2002.
Took effect of July 4, 2002.
Consolidation of House Bill No. 4433, and Senate Bill No. 1858.

RA 6425 RA 9165
Prohibited Drugs Dangerous Drugs
Regulated Drugs Controlled Precursors
Volatile Substance Essential Chemicals
SECTIONS TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS PENALTIES
4 Importation of Important or bring into the -life imprisonment to death.
Dangerous Drugs and Philippines any Dangerous Drugs -fine ranging from 500K to 10M
or Controlled regardless of the quantity and pesos.
Precursors and purity involved including any and
Essential Chemicals. all species of opium poppy or any
part thereof or substances
derived therefrom even for floral
decorative and culinary purposes.

Use of Diplomatic passport, -Maximum penalty of death

diplomatic facilities or any other
means.

Unless authorized by law, import - 12 years and 1 day to 20

controlled precursors and years.
essential chemical.

Organizes, manages or act as Maximum penalty of death.

financers.

Protector/coddler 12 years and 1 day to 20 years.

5 Sale, Trading, Unless authorized by law Sell, Life imprisonment to death and a
Administration, Trade, Administer, Dispense, fine of 500K to 10M pesos.
Dispensation, Deliver, Give away to another,
Delivery, Distribution Distribute, Dispatch in transit or
and Transportation of Transport any Dangerous Drugs
Dangerous Drugs including any species of opium
and/or Controlled poppy regardless of quantity and
Precursors and purity involved.
Essential Chemicals. - act as broker in any such
transaction.
 Unless authorized by law, shall - 12 years and 1 day to 20 years
sell, Trade, Administer, Dispense, and fine ranging from 100K to 500K
Deliver, give away to another, pesos.
Distribute, Dispatch in transit or
Transport.
- Any Controlled Precursor.

If STADD or T within 100m from Maximum penalty of death.

the school.

Pusher who used minor or Maximum penalty of death.

mentally incapacitated
individuals as runners, couriers
and messengers or in any
capacity directly connected to
the dangerous drugs and or
controlled precursors and
essential chemical trade.
If the victim of the offense is Maximum penalty of death.
minor or a mentally incapacitated
individual or should a dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor
and essential chemical involved
in any offense herein provided be
the proximate cause of death of a
victim.

Organizes, manages or acts as Maximum penalty of death.

financers.
Protector/coddler
6 Maintenance of a den, Maintain a den, dive or resort
dive or resort. where any dangerous drugs are
used or sold in any form.
12 years and 1 day to 20 years.
Life imprisonment to death and a
fine ranging from 500K to 10M
pesos.

Maintain a den, dive or resort 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and

where any controlled precursor a fine ranging from 100K to 500K
and essential chemicals is used or pesos.
sold in any form.
 Where any dangerous drugs are Maximum penalty of death.
administered, delivered or sold
to a minor who is allowed to use
the same in such a place.

Should any dangerous drugs be Maximum penalty of death and a

the proximate cause of death of a fine ranging from 1M to 15M
person using the same in such pesos.
den, dive or resort, (the
maintainer, owner and/or
operator).

If such den, dive or resort is Confiscated and escheated in favor

owned by a third person, of the government.
provided:
Specifically allege in the
criminal complaint that
such place is
intentionally used in the
furtherance of the
crime.
Prove such intent on the
part of the owner to use
such property for such
purpose.
Owner shall be included
in the criminal
complaint.

Organizes, manages a act as a Maximum penalty of death.

financer of any of the illegal
activities.

Protector/coddler 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and

a fine of 100K to 500K.

7 Employees and Any employee of a den, dive or 12 years an one day to 20 years
visitors of a den, dive resort who is aware of the nature and a fine from 100T to 500T
or resort. of the place.
-Is aware of the nature of the
place as such and shall knowingly
visit the same.
8 Manufacture of Any person, unless authorized by Life imprisonment to death and a
Dangerous Drugs and the law shall engage in fine of 500T to 10M pesos
or controlled manufacture of dangerous drugs
precursors and Any person unless authorized by 12 yrs and 1 day to 20 years and a
Essentials Chemicals law shall manufacture any fine of 100T to 500T pesos
controlled precursor and
essential chemical
The presence of any controlled precursor and essential chemical or
laboratory equipment in the clandestine laboratory is a prima facie
proof of manufacture of any dangerous drug It shall be considered an
aggravating circumstance if the clandestine laboratory is undertaken r
established under the following circumstances
a. Any phase of the manufacturing process was conducted in the
presence or with the help of minor(s);
b. Any phase or manufacturing process was established or
undertaken within one hundred (100) meters of a residential,
business, church, or school premises;
c. Any clandestine laboratory was secured or protected with
booby traps;
d. Any clandestine laboratory was concealed with legitimated
business operations; or
e. Any employment of a practitioner, chemical engineer, public
official or foreigner
- Any person who organizes manages, or acts as financier
“Maximum penalty of Death”
- Protector/ Coddler * 12 yrs & 1 day to 20 yrs fine of 100T to
500T pesos.
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