Ministry of Science and Technology

Department of Civil Engineering

CE 5013 STRUCTURE III

Sample Questions and Solutions

First Term Final Examination

February, 2009
 THE METHOD OF COLUMN ANALOGY

Prob: 1. Find the fixed end moments in a beam shown in fig by using the method of column
analogy.
W
A B
a b
L
W
S.D.S M=Pxe

MS dia:
-
Wa P
 CG Unit width
L/2
Mi dia:

Mi B
Mi A A=1×L=L

1
Fixed end moment at A,
MA = MS at A – Mi at A

MB = MS at B – Mi at B

Prob: 2. Determine the fixing moments in the beam AB, as shown in fig with load increasing
from zero at A to "" per unit length at B. Use the method of column analogy.

L B
A

L2/6
S.D.S
L/2
- MS dia:
L2/6
0.8 L
 CG Unit width
2
L/2
 Mi dia

wl2
30 -7wl2
60
A=1×L=L

M=Pxe

MA = MS at A – Mi at A

3
MB = MS at B – Mi at B

Prob: 3. Find the fixed end moments in a beam show in fig. by using column analogy method.

240kN
72kN/m
AB
4m 8m
72kN/m
S.D.S

1296
+ P1
Ms dia:
240kN
A=1

S.D.S
640
160
+ P2
Ms dia:

 CG Unit width
6m
Mi dia:

1076.8kN-m
1291.2kN-m

4
 = 5.33 m from left
total P = P1 + P2 = 10368 + 3840 = 14208 P2 P1
A = 1 × 12 = 12 m2

5.33m CG

= 144m4
M = P × e = 3840 × [– (6 – 5.33)] = – 2572.8

= 1291.2 kN – m

= 1076.8 kN – m
MA = MS at A – Mi at A
= 0 – 1291.2
= –1291.2 kN – m
MB = MS at B – Mi at B
= 0 – 1076.8
= –1076.8 kN – m

Prob: 4. Determine the fixed end moments in a beam shown in fig. by using column analogy
method.

P P

A B L/3 L/3 L/3

P P

S.D.S 5
PL/3 PL/3
+
 M=P×e=0
A=1×L

MA = MS at A – Mi at A MB = MS at B – Mi at B

Prob: 5. Determine the fixing moments in a beam shown by using method of column analogy.

20kN/m 160kN
A B
8m 8m 8m
= -1706.667
20kN/m
S.D.S

MS dia: = -20480
-
total P = P1 + P2 = -22186.667
640
160kN A = 1 × 24 = 24m2
S.D.S

MS dia:
-
M=
P×e
2560 P1 P2
= –1706.667 × [– (12 – 2)] - 20480 ×
 CG Unit width [– (12 – 16/3)]
2m
16/3m 6

12m
 = 153600

= – 2524.44 kN – m

= 675.55 kN – m

MA = MS at A – Mi at A

= – 675.56 kN – m

MB = MS at B – Mi at B

= – 675.55 kN – m

Prob: 6. Figure shows a fixed beam having va riable x’section. Calc ulate the fixed end
moments by using column analogy.

= 5.7632m from left

S dia:
= 90.967 m4

total P = P1 + P2 + P3 = –1353

M=P×e
= –738 × [– (5.7632 – 1)] – 492 ×
[– (5.7632 – 1.5)] – 123 ×
[– (5.7632 – 10/3)]
= 5911.62

= – 516.95 kN – m

= 262.89 kN – m
MA = MS at A – Mi at A MB = MS at B – Mi at B

= – 467.05 kN – m = – 262.89 kN – m
Prob: 7. Calculate the fixing m oments for the lo aded beam shown in fig. m oment of inertia
are varied in length. Use the method of column analogy.

8
= 5.7632m from left

= 90.967 m4
For U.D.L
B.M at 3m = 432 × 3 – 72 × 3 ×1.5
= 972 kN-m

= 1620

= 7128

= 1.95m from left

9
 = 5.33m from left

total P = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 – P5 – P6 = 12438

M=P×e
= 1080 × [– (5.7632 – 1.95)] + 810 × (6.2368 – 1.95) + 7128 (6 – 5.7632)
+ 3840 [– (5.7632 – 5.33)] – 240 × [– (5.7632 –2)] – 180 × (6.2368 –2)
= – 480.98

= 1339.74 kN – m

= 1276.29 kN – m

MA = MS at A – Mi at A

= – 1339.74 kN – m
MB = MS at B – Mi at B

= – 1276.29 kN – m

10
 Prob: 8. By using the m ethod of colum n an alogy calculate the fixed end m oments for the
beam shown in fig. E is constant and I are variable in length.
60k
18'
6k/ft
A B
2I I 2I
9' 18' 9'

1/2 CG 1/2

18'

6k/ft
4
S.D.S = 2187 ft
c 972 B.M at 9ft = 108 × 9 – 6 × 9 ×4.5
108 729
+ = 729 k–ft
a MS dia:
b
972

1 2 3 M dia:
EI
60k
S.D.S
540
270

MS dia:
540
270 270
4
5
135 135
6
M dia:
EI = 16038
P1 P2 P3
5.85 5.85

18'

P5 P4 P6
6' 6' total P = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 – P5 – P6 = 28188

Mi dia:

=
1044 1044 5.85 ft from left

11
 M=P×e

M = 1822.5 × [– (18 – 5.85)] + 16038 × 0 + 1822.5 × (18 – 5.85) – 607.5 [– (18 – 6)] – 607.5
(18 – 6) = 0

= 1044 k–ft

= 1044 k–ft
MA = MS at A – Mi at A

= – 1044 k–ft
MB = MS at B – Mi at B

= –1044 k–ft

Prob: 9. De termine the stiffness and carryove r factors for a beam e lement shown with
variable moment of inertia by using column analogy method.

A B
2I I
9m 15m
A

1/2 CG 1 width
EI

=13.73 m from left

13.73 10.27

12
P = A
M=P×e
= A × (–13.73) = 13.73A

= 0.284 EI

= – 0.123 EI

MB = – 0.433 MA

Prob: 10. Use the method of column analogy determines the fixing moments for a beam
shown in fig with variable moment of inertia.

13
 = 3.5 m from left

P3 = 2 × 1000 = –2000

1000kg 2000kg
Total P = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 = –10000
2000kg/m
A B
2I I
2m 1m 3m

1/2 CG 1 width
I
3.5m

2000kg/m
= 12.375 m4
S.D.S
M=P×e
MS dia:
= –4500×[– (3.5–0.75)] –3000×

9000 [– (3.5–2/3)] –2000× [– (3.5 – 1)]

M dia: – 500 × [– (3.5 – 7/3)]
1 EI
= 26458.33
4500 1000kg 2000kg

S.D.S
MS dia:

2000
8000 = – 9705.39 kg – m
M dia:
3 4 EI
2
1000
4000
P2 = 312289 kg–m
P4
P1
2/3 P3 14
CG
0.75
1
7/3
 MA = MS at A – Mi at A

= – 7294.61 kg – m
MB = MS at B – Mi at B

= – 0.312289 kg – m

APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Prob: 1. Analyze the structure shown in figure using the portal method.

1k B D F

12'

C
40' 40'

. .
A E
1k

. 0.25k . 0.5k . 0.25k

0.25k 0.5k 0.25k

15
Prob: 2. Analyze the given frame shown in fig by using the portal method.

16
Prob: 3. Analyze the structure shown in fig using the cantilever method.

17
 Assume columns have same x’sectional area.

= 46.7 ft from left

= 1 × 46.72 + 1 × (60 – 46.7)2 + 1 × (80 – 46.7)2

= 3466.67 ft4
For upper story
M = 2 × 10 = 20 k-ft

46.
M = 2 × 30 + 2 × 10 = 80 k-ft
2 7
k

2
k
VDE = 0.08 × 4 = 0.32 k
VGH = 0.19 × 4 = 0.76 k
V V
V
DE GH
AB

. .
. . .
. .
. . .
For Lower Story

18
19
 12'

Prob: 4. Analyze the given frame loaded shown in fig by using the cantilever method.
Assume columns have same x’sectional area.

A C
B D
EF HI
G

= 36.67 ft from left

40' 30'

For upper story

3k

= 1 × 36.672 + 1 × (40 – 36.67)2 + 1 × (70 –

3k
36.67)2
= 2466.67 ft4
M = 3 × 6 = 18 k-ft
3k

V EF V HI
V BC
36.67

For lower story

M = 3 × 24 + 3 × 12 = 108 k-ft
3k

VDE = 0.024 × 6 = 0.144 k

VGH = 0.243 × 6 = 1.458 k
3k

36.67
20
Prob: 5. Solve the given frame by using the factor method.
1k B Krel = 5 D Krel = 5 F

Krel = 1
Krel = 2 Krel = 1 12'

A C E
40' 40'

g = 0.167 g = 0.167 g = 0.167

C = 0.833
C = 0.833

C = 0.833
C =1

C =1
C =1

G = 1.25 G = 1.25 G = 1.25 G = 1.25

C = 1.333
C = 1.333

C = 2.666

21
C = 1.417

C = 1.417
C = 2.834
1k D
1.45

1.45 + 0.25 × 12 – 1.55 – VA × 40 = 0

VA = 0.0725k

0.25
1.45
1.55 D

VA
+

1.45 – 1.55 + 0.25 × 12 – VE × 40 = 0

VE = 0.0725k

0.25
22
1.55

VE
VA + VC + VE = 0
VC = 0

Prob: 6. Analyze the structure shown in fig using the factor method.

23
Story shear (upper) = 2 k
Story shear (lower) = 4 k

24
 ARCH AND SUSPENSION SYSTEMS

Prob: 1. A three-hinged parabolic arch of span 40m and rise 10m is carrying a uniformly
Distributed load as shown in fig. find the horizontal thrust and draw the B.M.D.
3t/m
3t/m
A B
.C 20 m 20 m

10 m

B
40 m
+

3t/m 25
.C
 3 × 20 × 10 – VB × 40 = 0
VB = 15 t

VA – 3 × 20 + VB = 0
VA = 45 t
+
45 × 20 – H × 10 – 3 × 20 × 10 = 0
H = 30 t
For parabolic arch,

For left portion,

Moment at any x distance,

For Mmax:,

x = 10m
+ve Mmax: = 15 × 10 – 0.75 × 102 = 75 t–m
For right portion,

+ 75t-m
= 0.75x2 – 15x -
75t-m
For Mmax:,

B.M.D

x = 10m
–ve Mmax: = 0.75 × 102 – 15 × 10 = –75 t–m
26
Prob: 2. A parabolic three-pinned arch has a sp an of 20m and central rise 4m . It is loaded
with a uniformly distributed load of 2t/m for a length of 8m from left end support. Draw the
B.M.D and find the position and magnitude of max: B.M over the arch.

+ 2t/m

2 × 8 × 4 – VB × 20 = 0 .C
VB = 3.2 t
4m

A B
VA – 2 × 8 +3.2 = 0
8m
VA = 12.8 t 20m

For parabolic arch

.C

For left portion, H

Moment at any x distance,

3.2 t

= 12.8x –x2 – 6.4x + 0.32x2

= 6.4x – 0.68x2 3.2 × 10 – H × 4 = 0

For Mmax:, H=8t

x = 4.71 m from support A

+ve Mmax: = 6.4 × 4.71 – 0.68 × 4.712
= 15.06 t–m
For right potion,

27
 + 15.06 t-m

8 t-m
-
= 3.2x – 6.4x + 0.32x2
= 0.32x2 – 3.2x
For Mmax:, 4.71 m B.M.D

8m

x=5m
–ve Mmax: = 0.32 × 52 – 3.2 × 5
= –8 t–m

Prob: 3. A three-hinged parabolic arch of span 40 m and central rise 10 m is carrying a

uniformly distributed load as shown in fig. Determine the BM over the arch and find the
position and magnitude of max: BM.

3000 kg/m
+
3000 × 20 × 20 – VB × 40 = 0 C
VB = 3000 kg 10 m

A B
10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m
VA + 3000 × 20 – 3000 = 0
VA = 3000 kg
For parabolic arch

For left portion,

Moment at any x distance,

= 30000x – 45000x + 1125x2 +

= 1125x2 – 15000x VA × 20 – 3000 × 10 × 5 – H × 10 = 0

For Mmax:, H = 45000 kg

x = 6.667 m

28
 .
= 1125x2 – 15000x – 1500 (x2 – 20x + 100)
= 1125x2 – 15000x – 1500x2 – 30000x – 150000
= 15000x – 375x2 – 150000 x

+ve Mmax: = 1125 × 6.6672 – 15000 × 6.667

= –50000kg – m
M at 10m = 1125 × 102 – 15000 × 10
= –37500 kg-m

M at 15m = 15000 × 15 – 375 × 152 – 150000

= –9375 kg–m

Prob: 4. Draw the influence line for the in member FG due to vertical reaction only and
horizontal reaction only. Also find the influence line for the horizontal reaction.

I.L for vertical reaction only in member FG

If unit load at A to E
Take the right section of FG member,

29
 +

If unit load at F to I, take the left section of FG member,

Ray × 150 – FG × 15 = 0

I.L for barforce in FG member due to vertical reaction only.

I. L for horizontal reaction only in member FG

If unit load apply at A to E, take right section of FG,

–Riy × 120 + Rix × 48 = 0

30
 +
Rix × 45 – FG × 15 = 0

If unit load at F to I, take the left section of FG member,

+
3.75
Ray × 120 – Rax × 48 = 0 2.8125 2.8125
1.875 1.875
+ 0.9375
0.9375

– Rax × 45 + FG × 15 = 0 A B C D E F G H I

I.L for barforce in FG member due to horizontal reaction only.

I.L for horizontal reaction

1.25
If unit load apply at A to E 0.9375 0.9375
0.625 0.625
0.3125 0.3125
If unit load at F to I
A B C D E F G H I

I.L for horizontal reaction.

31
 YIELD LINE AND STRIP METHODS FOR SLABS

Prob: 1. Determine the ultimate moment of a s quare isotropic slab simply supported on three
sides and subjected to a uniform load ‘q’ per unit area.

Let the junction of three fracture line have a Virtual displacement  =1

The internal virtual work,

The external virtual work,

32
W=U

For max: value of m,

18L2 – 24x2 – 12xL = 0

24x2 + 12xL – 18L2 = 0
x = 0.65L

 ultimate moment ,

33
 PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS BEAMS AND FRAMES

Prob: 1. Find the fully plastic moment for the beam shown with the collapse loads indicated.

Beam mechanism (1)

1 2

1 + 2

34
 (L – 2x) (L + x) – (Lx – x2) = 0
L2 + Lx – 2Lx – 2x2 – Lx + x2 = 0
L2 – 2Lx – x2 = 0
x2 + 2Lx – L2 = 0

Beam mechanism (2)

2P × 0.25L1 = MP1 + MP (1 + 2) + MP2
0.5PL1 = 2MP1 + 2MP2
0.5PL ×32 = 2MP × 32 + 2MP2
1.5PL2 = 8MP2
MP = 0.1875PL

Beam mechanism (3) 1 2

3P × 0.6L1 = MP1 + MP (1 + 2)
1 + 2
1.8PL1 = 2MP1 + 1.5MP1
= 3.5MP1
1.8PL = 3.5MP
MP = 0.514PL
 Fully plastic moment, MP = 0.514PL
1 2

1 + 2

Prob: 2. Find the fully plastic moment for the continuous beam shown with the collapse load.

2L L

35
Beam mechanism (1.a)

L

1 2

1 + 2

Beam mechanism (1.b)

2L L

 

2

Beam mechanism (2)

1 2

1 + 2

36
x2 – 6Lx + 4.5L2 = 0
x = 0.879L

= 0.19L2
Ans: MP =2/5 L2

Prob: 3. A fixed beam of span 6m carries a uniformly distributed load of 6.6t/m on the right
hand 4.5m as shown in fig:. Calculate the plastic moment and locate the position of the
plastic hinge.

Soln

37
 1 2

1 +2

– 19.8x2 + 111.375x = 12MP

MP = –1.65x2 +9.28x

– 3.3x +9.28 = 0
x = 2.812m
MP = –1.65 (2.812)2 +9.28 ×2.812
= 13.05 t-m
Prob: 4. Determine the fully plastic moment for the continuous beam shown.

Beam mechanism (1.a)

38
 10 × 21 + 5 × 32 = 2MP (1+ 2) + MP2

2
1

1 +2
MP = 8.5 t-m

Beam mechanism (1.b)

10 × 21 + 5 × 32 = 2MP (1+ 2) + MP2

501 = 8MP1
1 2
MP = 6.25 t-m
1 +2

Beam mechanism (2)

6 × 4 = MP ( + 2 +)
24 = 4MP
  MP = 6 t-m

2
Beam mechanism (3)
8 × 4 = MP + 1.5 MP × 2
32 = 4MP


MP = 8 t-m


fully plastic moment MP = 8.5 t-m

2
Prob: 5. Determine true collapse load for the frame shown. Ignore the effects of shear and
axial forces.
2P
P
2MP

0.6L
MP MP 39
Beam mechanism
2P

.  
.
. 2

Sidesway mechanism
× 0.6L = MP ( +) + MP ( + )
P

. .
P
0.6PL = 4MP
P = 6.667 MP/L

. .

Combine mechanism

 
2
2

40
 

1.6PL = 8MP
P = 5MP/L
 True collapse load = 5MP/L

Prob: 6. Determine the fully plastic moment for the frame shown, with collapse loads
indicated. Ignore the effects of shear and axial forces.
P
2P

Constant MP

0.8L

P
0.4L 0.6L
2

Beam mechanism
. .
1
1 + 2
.
P × 0.4L1 = MP1 + MP(1+ 2) + MP2
0.4PL × 1.52 = 2MP×1.52 + 2MP2
0.6PL2 = 5 MP2
MP = 0.12PL

Sidesway mechanism

2P

. .
41
 2P × 0.8L = MP(+ ) + MP
1.6PL = 3MP


MP = 0.533PL

Combined mechanism
2P × 0.8L1 + P × 0.4L1 = MP1 + MP (1+ 2) + MP (1 +2)
1.6PL× 1.52 + 0.4PL × 1.52 = 3MP× 1.52 + 2MP2
3PL2 = 6.5 MP2

1 2
MP = 0.462 PL

1+2 1+2

1
 Fully plastic moment, MP = 0.533 PL

Prob: 7. Determine the fully plastic moment for the frames shown with the collapse loads
indicated. Ignore the effects of shear and axial forces.
P P
P

Constant MP

L/2 L/2 L/2 L/2

Mechanism (1)

. 
P


.
42
. 2
 .
P
Mechanism (2)
  .
. 2

Mechanism (3)
P
. . .

. . .

Mechanism (4) = (3) + (1) combine

 
2

43
Mechanism (5) = (3) + (2) combine

. .. ..
P P
 
. 2
2

. . .

Mechanism (6) = (5) + joint mechanism

. .
..
P P
 
. 2
2

. . .

Mechanism (7) = (6) + (1) combine

P
..
..
P P
   

. 2 . 2
2

44

. . .
 Fully plastic moment, MP = 0.1875 PL

Prob: 8. Determine true collapse load for the frame shown. Ignore the effects of shear and
axial forces. 4P 5P
3P
2MP 3MP

MP 2MP 2MP 2L

L L 1.5L 1.5L
Mechanism (1)

. . .
4P
 
2

Mechanism (2)

.
5P


. . 
2

45
Mechanism (3) 2P
. . .
. 
. .

Mechanism (4) = (3) + (1) combine

..
4P
2P

.2

.
. . .

Mechanism (5) = (3) + (2) combine

..
5P
2P
. 
.  .
2
2

. . .

46
 Mechanism (6) = (5) + joint mechanism

.
5P
2P
. 
.  .2
2

. . .

Mechanism (7) = (6) + (1) combine

..
5P

.
4P
2P
   
.2 . 2
2

.
. .
True collapse load, PC = 1.467 MP/L

Prob: 9. Determine the true collapse load for the frame shown. Ignore the effects of shear and
axial forces.
3P 4P 2P
2P
2MP 3MP 2MP
1.5L
MP 2MP 2MP MP

L 2L L 3L 1.5L 1.5L

.
3P 47

.  /2
Mechanism (1)

Mechanism (2)

. .
4P

 /3
. +/3

Mechanism (3)

.
2P

  .
. 

Mechanism (4)

48
Mechanism (5) = (4) + (1) combine

 /2

 +/2

Mechanism (6) = (4) + (2) combine

 /3

+/3

Mechanism (7) = (4) + (3) combine

49
  
2

2

Mechanism (8) = (7) + joint

mechanism

 
2
 2

Mechanism (9) = (8) + (2) + joint mechanism

 /3  
2
+/3 2

50
Mechanism (10) = (9) + (1) + joint mechanism

 /2  /3  
2
+/2
+/3
2

True collapse load, PC =1.5 MP/L

BY
TU (Meikhtila)
ttunwin8@gmail.com
064-23900/23888
09-2200650

51