BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

641:1995

Reinforced concrete
pressure pipes,
cylinder type, including
joints and fittings

The European Standard EN 641:1994 has the status of a

British Standard
BS EN 641:1995

Committees responsible for this

British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical

Committee B/504, Water supply, upon which the following bodies were
represented:

Association of Consulting Engineers

Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Unvented Supply Systems
Equipment (MODUSSE)
British Bathroom Council
British Foundry Association
British Non-Ferrous Metals Federation
British Plastics Federation
British Plumbing Fittings Manufacturers’ Association
Department of the Environment
Department of the Environment (Drinking Water Inspectorate)
Fibre Cement Manufacturers’ Association Limited
Institute of Plumbing
Institution of Water and Environmental Management
Local Authority Organizations
Scottish Association of Directors of Water and Sewerage Services
Water Companies Association
Water Research Centre
Water Services Association of England and Wales

The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of this standard,
through subcommittees and panels:

Association of Metropolitan Authorities

British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd.
Concrete Pipe Association
Concrete Society
Department of Transport
Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institution of Highways and Transportation

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Sector Board
for Building and Civil
Engineering, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Board and comes
into effect on Amendments issued since publication
15 May 1995

© BSI 07-1999
Amd. No. Date Comments

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference B/504
Draft for comment 92/12638 DC

ISBN 0 580 24115 7

 BS EN 641:1995

Contents

Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
National foreword ii
Foreword 2
Text of EN 641 3

© BSI 07-1999 i
BS EN 641:1995

National foreword

This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee B/504, and is
the English language version of EN 641 Reinforced concrete pressure pipes,
cylinder type, including joints and fittings published by the European Committee
for Standardization (CEN).
EN 641 was published as a result of international discussion in which the UK
took an active part.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 12 and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.

ii © BSI 07-1999
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 641
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 1994
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

ICS 23.040.30; 23.040.50

Descriptors: Water pipelines, pressure pipes, potable water, water pipes, concrete tubes, reinforced concrete, armatures, metal plates,
specifications, computation, equipment specifications, dimensions, tests

English version

Reinforced concrete pressures pipes, cylinder type,

including joints and fittings

Tuyaux pression en béton armé à âme en tôle, Stahlbetondruckrohre mit Blechmantel

joints et pièces spéciales compris einschlie¶lich Rohrverbindungen und
Formstücke

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-10-26. CEN members

are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

© 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members

Ref. No. EN 641:1994 E
EN 641:1994

Foreword Contents
This European Standard for concrete pipes is a Page
standard which was prepared by WG 5, Concrete Foreword 2
pipes, of the Technical Committee CEN/TC 164,
0 Introduction 3
Water supply, the Secretariat of which is held by
AFNOR. 1 Scope 3
During preparation of this standard the provisional 2 Materials 3
results already available of CEN/TC 164/WG 1, 3 Design and fabrication of pipe 3
General requirements for external systems and 3.1 General requirements 3
components, and of CEN/TC 164/165/JWG 1,
Structural design, were considered. 3.1.1 General 3
In accordance with the CEN/CENELEC Internal 3.1.2 Wall thickness 3
Regulations, the following countries are bound to 3.2 Design of pipe 4
implement this European Standard: Austria, 3.2.1 Reinforced concrete pipe, steel
Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, cyclinder type, not pretensioned 4
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, 3.2.2 Reinforced concrete pipe, steel
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, cyclinder type, pretensioned 4
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
3.3 Reinforcement 4
3.3.1 Circumferential reinforcement 4
3.3.2 Longitudinal reinforcement 5
3.3.3 Positioning and cover to steel 5
3.4 Concrete and mortar 5
3.4.1 Mix design 5
3.4.2 Concrete strength 5
4 Factory testing 5
4.1 Concrete test 5
4.2 Pipe test 5
Annex A (informative) Typical design
procedure excluding pretensioned type pipe 6
Annex B (informative) Typical design
procedure for pretensioned type pipe 11
Figure A.1 — Bending stress diagram 7
Figure A.2 — Typical arrangements of
pipe reinforcement 8
Figure A.3 — Stress distribution 10
Table 1 — Minimum design thickness tmin,
minimum design thickness of the concrete
lining ti,min, including the thickness
of the cylinder 4
Table B.1 — Table of kb values 11

2 © BSI 07-1999

0 Introduction
1)
The product in permanent or temporary contact
with water, intended for human consumption, shall
not adversly affect the quality of the drinking water
and shall not contravene the CE Directives and
EFTA Regulations on the quality of drinking water.
This standard is to be used together with the
Common requirements standard (EN 639).
When the relevant EN dealing with general
requirements, such as General requirements for
external systems and components
(CEN/TC 164/WG 1), Materials in contact with
water (CEN/TC 164/WG 3) and Structural design
(CEN/TC 164/165/JWG1) are adopted, the current
standards shall be revised, where appropriate, in
order to ensure that these requirements comply
with these relevant ENs.
To the present standard are attached:
— Annex A (informative): Typical design
procedure excluding pretensioned type pipe;
— Annex B (informative): Typical design
procedure for pretensioned type pipe.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the requirements
and manufacture of reinforced concrete pressure
pipe cylinder type, that is not prestressed, in sizes
from DN/ID 250 to DN/ID 4000 inclusive.
Pretensioned concrete cylinder pipe, in which the
reinforcement is wrapped, under low tension,
directly on to the steel cylinder is covered by this
standard and is not normally manufactured in sizes
above DN/ID 1400. Larger sizes can be
manufactured based on the concepts of this
standard.
These types of pipe are designed for the internal
pressure, external loads and bedding conditions
designated by the purchaser. These types of pipes
are also suitable for non-pressure load bearing
applications.
1)
Should be considered as any product used for the conveyance and distribution of water for human consumption.
© BSI 07-1999
EN 641:1994
2 Materials
Materials are specified in clause 5 of EN 639
(Common requirements). An additional
requirement is specified as follows: the maximum
size of the aggregate shall not exceed one third of
the concrete wall thickness, on either side of the
steel cylinder.
3 Design and fabrication of pipe
3.1 General requirements
3.1.1 General
The pipe shall have the following principal features:
— a welded steel cylinder with steel joint rings
welded to each end;
— a reinforcing cage or cages, in the form of a
continuous helix of steel wire welded on to
longitudinal bars, concentric steel hoops welded
on to longitudinal bars, or welded steel fabric;
— the cage can also be in the form of a steel rod
wrapped directly on to the steel cylinder or on to
a first concrete layer covering the steel cylinder;
— a wall of dense concrete covering the steel
cylinder and reinforcing cage or cages both inside
and outside;
— a joint so designed that it will be watertight
under all conditions of service, either using an
elastomeric sealing ring or with the steel end
rings welded together on site.
3.1.2 Wall thickness
Table 1 shows the minimum design thickness of
pipe wall and the minimum design thickness of
concrete lining for each type of pipe.
Actual design loading conditions may require an
increase in wall thickness.
At the spigot section of the pipe, the shape of the
steel end ring may require the thickness of the
lining to be less than that specified in Table 1. The
internal diameter shall be maintained within the
tolerance specified by the Common requirements.
3
EN 641:1994

Table 1 — Minimum design thickness tmin, The pipes shall be designed to resist the flexural and
minimum design thickness of the concrete hoop stresses, resulting from each of the following
lining ti,min, including the thickness of the conditions:
cylinder — a combination of maximum design pressure
DN/ID ti,min tmin tmin and dead loads;
pretensioned — a combination of design pressure, dead loads
cylinder pipe and live loads.
mm mm mm
Under these given conditions, the tensile stresses of
250 15 50 40 the steel calculated as indicated in the typical
300 15 50 40 design procedure shown in informative Annex A,
400 15 50 40 shall not be greater than two thirds of the yield
500 20 55 45 strength of the steel.
600 20 60 45 3.2.2 Reinforced concrete pipe, steel cylinder
700 20 65 45 type, pretensioned
800 20 70 45
900 20 75 45 The reinforcement of the pipe shall consist of a
1000 20 80 45 welded steel cylinder on which a steel wire is
1100 25 85 50 directly wrapped under low tension.
1200 25 95 50 The pipe steel content and disposition shall be such
1250 25 100 50 that the pipe shall withstand the hydrostatic
1400 25 110 50 pressure in both service and transient conditions;
1500 25 115 the thickness of the steel cylinder, plus the size and
1600 25 125 pitch of the helixes shall be such that the stress in
1800 30 140 steel shall not exceed:
2000 40 155 — half of the yield strength of steel when the pipe
2100 40 165 is subjected to the design pressure;
2200 40 170
— two thirds of the yield strength of steel when
2400 45 185
the pipe is subjected to the maximum design
2500 45 195
pressure.
2600 45 200
2800 45 215 The yield strength considered shall be the lower
3000 45 220 value of the steel cylinder and the spirals.
3200 45 230 The increase of the diameter of the pipe at the
3500 50 250 springline due to external loads is calculated and
4000 55 290 checked in comparison with a maximum allowable
value:
3.2 Design of pipe
¹x = 9,8 · 10–6 Di2 – 2,2 · 10–3Di
3.2.1 Reinforced concrete pipe, steel cylinder
type, not pretensioned where Di and ¹x are given in mm, Di being the
design internal diameter of the pipe.
The reinforcement of the pipe shall consist of a
welded steel cylinder surrounded by one or more Informative Annex B gives a typical design
cages fabricated from concentric steel wire hoops, procedure for calculating stresses under pressure
welded steel fabric or helically wound steel wire and deformations of pipe when subjected to external
properly spaced and supported with longitudinal loading.
reinforcing or directly wrapped on to a first concrete 3.3 Reinforcement
layer covering the cylinder. 3.3.1 Circumferential reinforcement
The cages can be either circular or elliptical. In
The circumferential reinforcement shall consist of
pipes designed for a maximum design pressure of
steel wire hoops with joints butt or lap welded; steel
more than 200 KPa, the cage shall be circular when
wire formed in a continuous helix with joints butt or
the reinforcement consists of one cage only, and the
lap welded or welded fabric shaped and lap welded.
external cage shall be circular when the
To ensure quality of joints representative specimens
reinforcement consists of two cages or more.
shall be tensile tested during which the strength of
The minimum thickness of the steel cylinder shall the weld shall exceed the strength of the parent
be 1,5 mm. steel.
The maximum centreline spacing of
circumferentials shall be 100 mm.

4 © BSI 07-1999

The clear space between circumferential wires shall
be not less than 1,25 times the maximum size of the
coarse aggregate or 12 mm, whichever is the
greater.
For pretensioned concrete pressure pipe the
circumferential reinforcement shall consist of a
steel wire directly wound on to the steel cylinder.
The wrapping tension shall be not less
than 50 MPa, and not greater than 70 MPa. The
tensile stress shall be checked during the winding
operation.
For the pretensioned pipe, a cement slurry shall be
projected on to the steel cylinder prior to wrapping
of the steel rod reinforcement. This slurry shall
consist of 1,2 kg of cement to 1 l of water, and shall
be applied at a rate of not less than 1 litre
per 2 square metres.
3.3.2 Longitudinal reinforcement
The circumferential reinforcement in cages shall be
accurately spaced and rigidly assembled by means
of longitudinal bars or wires securely attached so
that the cage is maintained in proper shape and
position during the casting of the pipe.
Reinforcement cages formed by steel wire wrapped
directly on to the steel cylinder or on to a concrete
layer external to the cylinder do not require
longitudinal bars.
3.3.3 Positioning and cover to steel
Reinforcement cages may be circular, elliptical or a
combination of both. The minimum cover to steel
shall be one times the maximum size of aggregate
or:
— 15 mm for pipe less than 800 DN/ID;
— 20 mm for pipe equal to or greater
than 800 DN/ID;
whichever is the greater.
3.4 Concrete and mortar
3.4.1 Mix design
The minimum cement content shall be 300 kg per
cubic metre of concrete or mortar.
The water cement ratio of the concrete or mortar
shall be suitable for the method of placement and
shall not exceed 0,45 after compaction.
© BSI 07-1999
EN 641:1994
For pipes below 1000 DN/ID, a water cement ratio
of 0,5 is allowed provided the minimum cement
content is 385 kg per cubic metre of concrete.
3.4.2 Concrete strength
The minimum 28 day compressive strength of the
concrete shall be 35 MPa (see 4.1).
4 Factory testing
Factory testing is specified in subclause 5.3 of
EN 639 (Common requirements). Additional
requirements are specified as follows.
4.1 Concrete test
A minimum quantity of three cylinders or cubes per
week of manufacture and per mix type of concrete
shall be tested for the 28 day compressive strength
(see 3.4.2).
4.2 Pipe test
One in 250 pipes shall be subjected to an internal
hydrostatic test. Should a pipe fail the test, then a
further two pipes from the same batch of 250 shall
be tested. If both pipes pass then the batch shall be
accepted. If one or both pipes fail then the batch
shall be rejected or each pipe in the batch shall be
tested for individual approval.
The finished pipe shall be subjected to a pressure
test at:
— maximum design pressure + 200 kPa
or 1,2 times the maximum design pressure,
whichever is the greater, for DN/ID less than or
equal to 1200;
— maximum design pressure + 100 kPa
or 1,2 times the maximum design pressure,
whichever is the greater, for DN/ID above 1200.
The pipe is restrained within a hydrostatic test rig
and pressure tested for a period of 5 min. During the
test the pipe shall be absolutely watertight and
show no leaks, weeping or defects considered
detrimental to the pipe’s performance. No crack in
the external surface shall be wider than 0,5 mm on
a length exceeding 300 mm in accordance
with 6.4.11 of EN 639.
5
EN 641:1994

Annex A (informative)
Typical design procedure excluding pretensioned type pipe
A.1 General
The following guidelines for structural analysis show a typical method for the design of reinforced concrete
cylinder pipe. These guidelines apply to all general cases.
The pipe should be designed for the conditions given in 3.2.1 so that the tensile stress in the steel does not
exceed the allowable stress as specified in 3.2.1.
A.2 Notation

Di Pipe internal diameter

t Pipe wall thickness
tsc Steel cylinder thickness
Asc Cross sectional area of steel cylinder per unit length
As Cross sectional area of spirals per unit length
Ast Total cross sectional area of steel per unit length
Es Elastic modulus of steel
Ec Elastic modulus of concrete
M1 Bending moment per unit length in a longitudinal section of the pipe
N1 Normal force per unit length created in the longitudinal section of the pipe by the internal pressure
M2 Longitudinal bending moment of a span-pipe
N2 Longitudinal force due to pipe end-loading by the internal pressure
fsc Tensile stress in steel cylinder
fsce Yield strength of the steel cylinder
fs Tensile stress in the spirals
fc Compressive stress in concrete
rm Pipe mean radius
A1 Area of steel in tension, per unit length
A2 Area of steel in compression, per unit length
yh Distance between the steel in tension and the extreme concrete fibre in compression
yz Lever arm

A.3 Loads and forces

Dead and live loads, coefficients for cross-sectional bending moments and thrust calculations and bedding
angle should be determined in accordance with appropriate national standards transposing EN as
available, or in the absence of such standards, with the appropriate regulations or recognized and accepted
methods at the place where the pipeline is installed. (Normal forces due to external loads are are normally
neglected).
Conventions:
— positive moment: a moment which gives tension in the inside fibre of the pipe wall;
— negative moment: a moment which gives tension in the outside fibre of the pipe wall.
A normal force should be considered as a negative one when it induces compression in the pipe wall and
positive when it induces tension.

6 © BSI 07-1999
 EN 641:1994

A.4 Calculation of stresses

Stresses are calculated in the sections where respectively the maximum positive and negative bending
moments occur.

Figure A.1 — Bending stress diagram

Each section operates under compound bending (bending moment + normal force). The normal force being
mainly a positive force due to internal pressure, it is advisable to use the principle of summation by adding
the pressure stresses to the circular bending stresses.
A.4.1 Hoop stresses due to internal pressure (P)
N PD
f aP = -------1- = -----------i-
A st 2Ast
A.4.2 Circular stress in steel due to bending moment
The calculation of stress is made in two different ways depending on whether the reinforcement is:
— low yield strength plain wire (normally 215 MPa),
— high yield strength indented wires (normally 400 or 500 MPa).
The calculation of stresses for each section is made in accordance with current practice of reinforced
concrete design, on the basis of the following diagram, where the tensile strength of the concrete is
neglected:

© BSI 07-1999 7
EN 641:1994

Figure A.2 — Typical arrangements of pipe reinforcement

The section where maximum positive bending moment occurs is normally the invert where the tensioned
steel is the steel cylinder [see Figure A.2 a)], or a combination of steel cylinder and helixes
[see Figure A.2 b) and Figure A.2 c)].
The section where maximum negative moment occurs is normally the springline where the tensioned steel
is the external cage of helixes or a combination of the internal elliptical cage and the external cage.
A.4.2.1 Low yield strength steel
The tensile stress in the tensioned steel (steel cylinder or helixes, or combination of both) is calculated using
the formula:
M1
fam = ------------
yz A 1

8 © BSI 07-1999
 EN 641:1994

A.4.2.2 High yield strength steel

In the section where the maximum negative bending moment occurs (normally springline), the tensile
stress in the tensioned steel (normally the helixes of the external cage) is calculated as in A.4.2.1.
In the section where the maximum positive bending moment occurs (normally the invert), the calculation
is made as in A.4.2.1 when the reinforcement consists of one circular cage only.
When the reinforcement is as shown in Figure A.2 b) and Figure A.2 c), the design model used for
calculation takes into account the redistribution of stresses between the steel cylinder and the helixes once
the yield strength of the steel cylinder fsce is reached, in an ultimate state approach.
An equivalent model of this stress redistribution is used to calculate serviceability state, where the
allowable tensile stresses in the steel are limited to two thirds of the yield strength.
The tensile force in steel due to bending is distributed between the cylinder and the helixes, proportionally
to the steel section, up to a total (bending + pressure) stress of 2/3fsce, and only in the helixes for the part
of this tensile force which gives total stresses higher than 2/3fsce.
The calculation is made as follows:
— calculate
M1
f aM = ------------- (similar to A.4.2.1);
Yz A1
— if fa = faM + fap k 2/3fsce, faM is the tensile bending stress in the steel cylinder and in the helixes of
the internal cage;
— if fa > 2/3fsce, the bending stress in the cylinder and in the helixes are considered separately:
— the bending stress in the cylinder is:
fscM = 2/3fsce – fap
— the bending stress in the helixes is calculated considering the total tensile force due to bending taken
by the cylinder and the helixes is:
F = faM(Asc + As)
— the force taken by the cylinder is:
Fsc = fMsc Asc = (2/3fsce – fap) Asc
— the force to be taken by the helixes is therefore:
Fs = F – Fsc = faM (Asc + As) – (2/3fsce – fap) Asc
The bending stress in the helixes is:
F
fs = -----s-
As
A.4.3 Total circular stresses in longitudinal sections of the pipe
fa = fap + faM
A.4.4 Longitudinal stresses in pipe cross section
When the pipeline is end-loaded, a longitudinal stress occurs in the cylinder; it is equal to:
N2 PD
- = ----------i
f cs = ----------------
;D i t sc 4t sc
A.5 Calculation of stresses in span-pipes
A.5.1 Circular stresses
They are calculated using the same formula as detailed in A.4 when applied to bending moments and forces
calculated on the basis of Annex B of EN 639 (Common requirements).
A.5.2 Longitudinal stresses
The bending moment induces longitudinal stresses which are distributed in the cross section as shown in
Figure A.3.

© BSI 07-1999 9
EN 641:1994

Figure A.3 — Stress distribution

Non end-loaded pipeline.
The position of the neutral axis is defined by angle ! such as:
(tan µ – µ)(t – tsc) = ; ntsc
The tensile stress in the cylinder is given by:

N2 = 2ktrm2 cos µ [;na – (1 – a) (tan µ – µ)] (1)

fsc = nkrm (1 + cos µ)

k and ! being computed by solving the equations (1) and (2). (2)
End-loaded pipeline.
The cross section of pipe is subjected to compound bending, under the moment M2 and the normal tensile
stress N2.
The position of the neutral axis is defined by the angle µ:
with
tsc
a = -----
-
t
and
M
eo = -------2-
N2

10 © BSI 07-1999
 EN 641:1994

Annex B (informative)
Typical design procedure for pretensioned type pipe
B.1 General
The following guidelines for structural analysis show a typical method for the design of pretensioned type
pipe.
The pipes should be designed for the conditions given in 3.2.2 so that the tensile stress in the steel does not
exceed the allowable stress as specified in 3.2.2.
The deflection of the pipe due to external loads is checked against a maximum allowable value as specified
in 3.2.2.
The attention of the designer is drawn to the fact that the pipe becomes relatively less rigid for larger
diameters. It is thus more dependent on support from lateral earth restraint (passive pressure) in resisting
external loads.
B.2 Notation
Same as in informative Annex A.
B.3 Calculation of deformation under load
Dead and live loads and bedding angles shall be determined in accordance with appropriate national
standards transposing EN as available, or in the absence of such standards, with the appropriate
regulations or recognized and accepted methods at the place where the pipeline is installed.
The design is based upon an empirical formula determined from research and experimentation. The
increase of diameter at the springline of pipe is calculated by using, for example, the Spangler formula:

where
¹x increase of diameter at the springline;
D1 deflection lag factor ( = 1 for pressure pipes);
kb bedding coefficient (see table below);
Qv flexural rigidity of pipe wall
(computed wall stiffness);
Ei vertical load on pipe;
E½ modulus of soil reaction;
" bedding angle.
Table B.1 — Table of kb values
¶/2(°) kb

0 0,110
15 0,108
22,5 0,105
30 0,102
45 0,096
60 0,090
75 0,085
90 0,083

© BSI 07-1999 11
EN 641:1994

The computed wall stiffness should be one fourth of the value derived from the composite wall section of
pipe, with:
— Ec concrete modulus of elasticity = 28 000 MPa;
— Ea steel modulus of elasticity = 200 000 MPa.

B.4 Calculation of stresses in steel due to hydrostatic pressure (P)

The stress in steel fa is calculated as follows:
PD
f a = -----------i-
2A st

12 © BSI 07-1999
blank 13
BS EN
641:1995
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