1.

Hitler and -Adolf Hitler (1889 –

the path to 1945): was an Austrian-
becoming born German politician
Chancellor of who was
Germany the dictator of Germany fro
m 1933 until his death in
1945.

How was Hitler able to

become Chancellor in
January 1933?
- Long-term bitterness
- Ineffective Constitution
- Money
- Propaganda
- Programme Hitler, at the window of
- Attacks on other parties the Reich Chancellery,
- Personal Qualities receives an ovation on the
(6 CÁ I TRÊ N RA TRƯỚ C) evening of his inauguration
- Economic Depression as chancellor, 30 January
- Recruited by Hindenburg 1933
(2 CÁ I NÀ Y RA SAU)
2. Hitler’s - Setting up a strong
domestic policy national State of Germany
1933 -1939

German soldiers swearing

allegiance to Adolf Hitler
German soldiers swearing
an oath of allegiance to Adolf
Hitler at the Rathenower
Strasse barracks in Berlin,
August 2, 1934.

- Economic Reforms and

Development Work
+ Agriculture
• September 1933, Hitler's
government promulgated
the "Law on inheritance of
the manor", stipulating that
farmers with 7.5 ha to 125
ha need to prove
themselves Aryans =
strengthen the social
foundation for the
Development Party from
the middle and small part
of the countryside in the
countryside
• Farmers are assembled in
the Reichnä hrstand, which
brings together the
agricultural
administrations of 19
cantons
• In 1939, young girls
under the age of 25 had to
go to the countryside to do
forced labor.
+ Industry
• 1- The State established
the General Economic
Association of Germany
(July 1933): controlling the
entire economy, limiting
the private economy.
• 2- The state distributes
and intervenes in both the
distribution of raw
materials and the market of
factories and factories.
• 3- Construction of
infrastructures for the
country (expanding roads,
building national highways,
highways, airports and
 barracks, improving soil,
reclaiming and clearing
land to increase area)
farmyard...)
4- Carrying out industrial
planning: a 4-year plan
(1936 - 1940) •
5- Economic development
towards militarization:
increase investment in
military industry (2 times
from 1934 to 1936)
- Anti-Jews Policies
+ Holocaust of Jews
• 1935, promulgation of
“Nuremberg Law”: Jews are
not entitled to citizenship
• Night 9-10/11/1938:
“Night of glass”

Jews were imprisoned in

Nazi concentration camps.
(Image: Getty Images)

- Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German
politician who was the dictator of Germany from 1933 until his death in 1945.
He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in
1933 and then assuming the title of Fü hrer und Reichskanzler in 1934. During
his dictatorship, he initiated World War II in Europe by invading Poland on 1
September 1939. He was closely involved in military operations throughout
the war and was central to the perpetration of the Holocaust, the genocide of
about six million Jews and millions of other victims.
All the following were present from the 1920s:

1.       Long-term bitterness
Deep anger about the First World War and the Treaty of Versailles created an underlying bitterness to which Hitler’s
viciousness and expansionism appealed, so they gave him support.

2.       Ineffective Constitution
Weaknesses in the Constitution crippled the government.   In fact, there were many people in Germany who wanted a
return to dictatorship.   When the crisis came in 1929–1933 – there was no one who was prepared or able to fight to stop
 Hitler.

3.       Money
The financial support of wealthy businessmen gave Hitler the money to run his propaganda and election campaigns.

4.       Propaganda
Nazi propaganda persuaded the German masses to believe that the Jews were to blame and that Hitler was their last hope.

5.       Programme
Hitler promised everybody something, so they supported him.

6.       Attacks on other parties

The Stormtroopers attacked Jews and people who opposed Hitler.   Many opponents kept quiet simply because they were
scared of being murdered – and, if they were, the judges simply let the Stormtroopers go free (see point 2).

7.       Personal Qualities

Hitler was a brilliant speaker, and his eyes had a peculiar power over people.   He was a good organiser and politician.   He
was a driven, unstable man, who believed that he had been called by God to become dictator of Germany and rule the
world.   This kept him going when other people might have given up.   His self-belief persuaded people to believe in him.
After 1929, however, two short-term factors brought Hitler to power:

8.       Economic Depression

After the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the US called in its loans to Germany, and the German economy collapsed.   The
Number of unemployed grew; people starved on the streets.   In the crisis, people wanted someone to blame, and looked to
extreme solutions – Hitler offered them both, and Nazi success in the elections grew.
      Germans turned to Nazism because they were desperate.   The number of Nazi seats in the Reichstag rose from 12 in
1928 to 230 in July 1932.

9.       Recruited by Hindenburg
In November 1932 elections the Nazis again failed to get a majority of seats in the Reichstag.   Their share of the vote fell –
from 230 seats to only 196.   Hitler contemplated suicide.   But then he was rescued by Hindenburg.
      Franz von Papen (a friend of Hindenburg) was Chancellor, but he could not get enough support in the
Reichstag.   Hindenburg and von Papen were having to govern by emergency decree under Article 48 of the
Constitution.   They offered Hitler the post of vice-Chancellor if he promised to support them.
      Hitler refused – he demanded to be made Chancellor.   So Von Papen and Hindenburg took a risk.   On 30 January 1933
Hindenburg made Hitler Chancellor.   He thought he could control Hitler – how wrong he was.
       In the end, Hitler did not TAKE power at all – he was given it.

Impact Of Nazism After coming into power, Hitler followed a vigorous domestic and foreign policy. The following points
may be mentioned in this regard : Domestic Policy

1. Setting up a strong national State of Germany : Germany became a dictatorship, with all powers in the hands of her leader,
all opposition parties abolished, criticism disallowed, rights denied to the people, democracy crushed, and a secret police
under the name of Gestapo established to spy over everyone. Those suspected of disloyalty to the Fuhrer were executed
without a proper trial. The Germans were told that Hitler was Germany and Germany was Hitler. He established the rule of
one man, one leader and one party. In this way, national unity was brought about in See the Tutorial List. The radio, the
press and all other means of propaganda were controlled by the State. Even education was re-planned so as to promote
Nazism and German nationalism and her unity. Religion too was brought under State control.

2. Economic Reforms and Development Work : Having done all above, Hitler took to reforms and development work. He
proceeded to recognize German economy and administration. He created new jobs and expanded the bureaucracy. More
factories were started and agricultural farms set up. The worker were given more facilities, but they were not given the right
to strike. Hitler ordered the production of heavy armaments at a large scale and introduced compulsory military service.
Under this programme of Militarism, Naval Ships and Aeroplanes began to be manufactured in Germany’s own factories.
All these created more jobs for the youth. To keep the workers happy, he kept the prices under control. Import and export
were also controlled in order to maintain favourable balance of trade. In the field of public work development, he ordered the
construction of government buildings, offices, art galleries, stadia, houses etc.

3. Anti-Jews Policies : The Nazi Party and Hitler showed a great dislike for the Jews. They held them responsible for
German defeat in the First World War, due to their betrayal. He put large number of Jews in the concentration camps only
because they were Jews. They were denied German citizenship, dismissed from government jobs and prohibited from
practising medicine, law and many other professions .