Chapter 5

FIRST AID

OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson the students should be able

to:
1. Define what First Aid is.
2. Discuss the qualities of a good first aider.
3. Demonstrate the Recovery Position
4. Discuss The Seven Fundamental Steps of CPR

We do not know when an emergency may occur and therefore we need to know
how to react quickly to such a situation. Knowing how to react is essential in
applying
first aid which is very crucial.

First aid
Is the first and immediate assistance given to any person suffering from either
a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the
condition from worsening, or to promote recovery. It includes initial intervention
in a serious condition prior to professional medical help being available,
such as performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) while waiting for
an ambulance,
as well as the complete treatment of minor conditions, such as applying a plaster to
a cut.
First aid is generally performed by someone with basic medical training.
Mental health first aid is an extension of the concept of first aid to
cover mental health, while psychological first aid is used as early treatment
of people who are at risk for developing PTSD. Conflict First Aid, focused on
preservation and recovery of an individual's social or relationship well-being,
is being piloted in Canada.There are many situations that may require first aid,
and many countries have legislation, regulation, or guidance which specifies a
minimum level of first aid provision in certain circumstances. This can include
specific training or equipment to be available in the workplace
(such as an automated external defibrillator), the provision of specialist first aid
cover
at public gatherings, or mandatory first aid training within schools. First aid,
however,
 does not necessarily require any particular equipment or prior knowledge, and can
involve improvisation with materials available at the time, often by untrained
people.
First aid can be performed on nearly all animals, such as pets, although this article
relates to the care of human patients.

WHAT IS FIRST AID?

First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person suffering
from
either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent
the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery.

First aid is emergency care given immediately to an injured person. The

purpose of
first aid is to minimize injury and future disability. In serious cases, first aid may
be necessary to keep the victim alive.

The ABC's of first aid are the primary things that need to be checked when
you
approach the victim, Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. Prior to CPR, ensure that
the airway is clear, check to see if the patient is breathing, and check for circulation
(pulse or observation of color and temperature of hands/fingers).
An appointed person is someone who is nominated to take charge of first aid
arrangements, such as looking after the first aid kit and calling an ambulance in
an emergency. A first aider is someone who is qualified to give first aid treatment
in the event of an injury or illness.

The qualities of a good first aider:

1. Gentle- he should not cause pain in handling the victim.

2. Observant- he should notice all signs in the body of the victim.
3. Resourceful- he should make the best use of things at hand.
4. Sympathetic- he should know how to comfort the victim.
5. Tactful- he should not alarm the patient as it may cause a nervous
breakdown.
6. Cheerful- if the person has a happy expression, he can inspire confidence in
The victim.
The Recovery position:

The recovery position refers to one of a series of variations on a lateral recumbent

or three-quarters prone position of the body, in to which an unconscious but
breathing
casualty can be placed as part of first aid treatment. ... The cause of
unconsciousness
can be any reason from trauma to intoxication from alcohol.

MOUTH TO MOUTH RESUSCITATION:

Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, a form of artificial ventilation, is the act of

assisting or stimulating respiration in which a rescuer presses their mouth against
that
of the victim and blows air into the person's lungs.

1. Gently tilt the person's head back. ...

2. Place your other hand on their forehead and pinch their nose with your
index finger
(Pointer finger) and thumb.
3. Take a normal breath, cover and seal their open mouth with yours, and
blow
into their mouth for about one second.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR:

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique useful in many

emergencies, including a heart attack or near drowning, in which someone's
breathing or heartbeat has stopped. The American Heart Association
recommends that everyone — untrained bystanders and medical personnel
alike — begin CPR with chest compressions.
It's far better to do something than to do nothing at all if you're fearful that
your knowledge or abilities aren't 100 percent complete. Remember, the
difference between our doing something and doing nothing could be someone's
life.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure that
combines chest compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort to
manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to
restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is
in cardiac arrest.
 The Seven Fundamental Steps of CPR -
1. Put the heel of your dominant hand at the center of the person's chest.
...
2. Put your other hand over your dominant hand, then interlock your
fingers. ...
3. Start chest compressions. ...
4. Open the person's mouth. ...
5. Add a rescue breath. ...
6. Watch the chest fall, then do another rescue breath. ...
7. Continue the 30 compressions, 2 breaths cycle.

REFERENCES:
For more information please click the link below
https://www.google.com/search?q=history+of+nstp+pdf&oq=histo&aqs=chrome.1.
69i57j69i59l2.5576j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
Book NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT VIA NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM-
R.A. 9163 (CWTS 1)
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o&sclient=psy-ab
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