CBLM Implementing Plant Nutrition Program

COMPETENNCY- BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector : AGRI-FISHERY SECTOR
Qualification Title : AGRICULTURAL CROPS PRODUCTION

NC III
Unit of Competency : IMPLEMENT PLANT NUTRITION

PROGRAM
Module Title : IMPLEMENTING PLANT NUTRITION

PROGRAM
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority-

Kinoguitan National Agricultural School
(TESDA-KNAS)
Buko, Kingoguitan, Misamis Oriental
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY- BASED LEARNING
MATERIALS
Welcome to the module in Implementing Plant Nutrition Program. This

module contains training materials and activities for you to perform and
complete.
The unit of competency “Implement Plant Nutrition Program” contains

knowledge, skills and attitudes required to perform nursery operations for
agricultural crops including establishing nursery shed, preparation and
handling of planting materials, preparation of growing media, transplanting
germinated seedlings and handling of nursery tools and equipment. This
unit is required for Agricultural Crops Production NC III.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to

complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome
are Information Sheets, Self- Checks and Task Sheets. Follow these
activities on your own. If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask your
facilitator for assistance.
The goal of this course is the development of practical skills. To gain these
skills, you must learn the basic concepts and terminologies. For the most
part, you will get this information from the information sheets and TESDA
website, www.tesda.gov.ph.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required competency in
“Implement Plant Nutrition Program”.
This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge and
skills in this particular competency independently and at your own pace,
with minimum supervision or help from your trainer.
Remember to:
 Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section
 Read information sheets and complete self-checks. Suggested
references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
 Perform the task sheets and job sheets until you are confident that
your outputs conform to the Performance Criteria Checklist that
follows the sheets.
 Submit outputs of the Task Sheets and Job Sheets to your facilitator
for evaluation and recording in the Accomplishment Chart. When
you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask your
trainer to evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be
recorded in your Progress Chart and Accomplishment Chart.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
December 2021 Document No.
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
IMPLEMENTING PLANT NUTRITION Page 2 of
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation for this competency
before moving to another competency. A certificate of Achievement will be
awarded to you after passing evaluation.
You need to complete this module before you can perform the module
Controlling Weeds.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
AGRICULTURAL CROPS PRODUCTION NC III
Competency- Based Learning Materials
List of Competencies
Unit of Competency
No. Module Title Code
Preparing land for
Prepare land for agricultural
1 agricultural crop AGR611310
crop production
production
Implement post-harvest Implementing post-
2 AGR611311
program harvest program
Implement plant nutrition Implementing plant
3 AGR611312
program nutrition program
4 Control weeds Controlling weeds AGR611313
Preparing and apply
5 Prepare and apply chemicals AGR611314
chemicals
Establishing agronomic
6 Establish agronomic crops AGR611320
crops
Undertaking agronomic
Undertake agronomic crop
7 crop maintenance AGR611321
maintenance activities
activities
Undertake agronomic crop Undertaking agronomic
8 AGR611322
harvesting activities crop harvesting activities
Save, prepare and store Saving, preparing and
9 AGR611323
agricultural seed storing agricultural seed
Implement vertebrate pest Implementing vertebrate
10 AGR611324
control program pest control program
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
How to Use This CBLM .............................................................................. 2-3
TM 1 List of Competencies ............................................................................ 4
Module Content .......................................................................................... 7-8
Learning Outcomes Summary (LO4) .............................................................. 9
Learning Experiences .............................................................................10-11
Information Sheet 3.4-1 Types and Uses of Various Fertilizers .................12-21

Self- Check 3.4-1 ..................................................................................... 22
Answer Key 3.4-1 .................................................................................... 23
Task Sheet 3.4-1 Identify types and uses of fertilizers ............................. 24
Performance Criteria Checklist 3.4-1 ....................................................... 25
Information Sheet 3.4-2 Methods of Fertilizer Application..........................26-30
Self- Check 3.4-2 ..................................................................................... 31
Answer Key 3.4-2 .................................................................................... 32
Task Sheet 3.4-2 Apply foliar spray ......................................................... 33
Information Sheet 3.4-3 Soil Types ............................................................35-37
Self- Check 3.4-3 ..................................................................................... 38
Answer Key 3.4-3 .................................................................................... 39
Task Sheet 3.4-2 Identify soil different texture using the
roll method .............................................................................................. 40
Information Sheet 3.4-4 Plant Growing Cycle ............................................42-44
Self- Check 3.4-4 ..................................................................................... 45
Answer Key 3.4-4 .................................................................................... 46
Information Sheet 3.4-5 Farm Fertilization Calendar .................................47-49
Self- Check 3.4-5 ..................................................................................... 50
Answer Key 3.4-5 .................................................................................... 51
Date Developed:
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PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Information Sheet 3.4-6 Handling and storage of fertilizers ......................52-56
Self- Check 3.4-6 ..................................................................................... 57
Answer Key 3.4-6 .................................................................................... 58
Information Sheet 3.4-7 Environmental Implications of
Fertilizer Application .................................................................................59-60
Self- Check 3.4-7 ..................................................................................... 61
Answer Key 3.4-7 .................................................................................... 62
Bibliography/ References ............................................................................ 63
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: IMPLEMENT PLANT NUTRITION PROGRAM
MODULE TITLE : IMPLEMENTING PLANT NUTRITION PROGRAM
MODULE DESCRIPTOR:
This unit covers the skills and knowledge required to implement a

plant nutrition program in the horticultural or agricultural industry.
Implementing a plant nutrition program is likely to be under limited
supervision from others, with checking only related to overall progress. The
work is usually done within a program, routines, methods and procedures
where some discretion and judgment is required in the selection of
equipment and materials, organization of work, services, actions, and the
achievement of outcomes within time and budgetary constraints.
NOMINAL DURATION : 44 hours
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this module the students/trainees will be able to:
LO1. Prepare for implementation of the plant nutrition program

LO2. Monitor soil pH
LO3. Determine nutritional problems in plants
LO4. Prepare to use fertilizers
LO5. Prepare application equipment
LO6. Apply specific products at appropriate rates
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Goals and target site for implementation of the plant nutrition program
including soils, plant species and varieties are identified according to
farm work procedures.
2. Area and adjacent lands are analyzed for soil composition/nutrients.
3. Materials for soil and plant treatments available to the farm are identified
and the storage site or supplier details located.
4. Services are located using site plans and in consultation with the
supervisor.
5. OHS hazards are identified, risks assessed, controls implemented and
reported to the supervisor.
6. Suitable personal protective equipment (PPE) is selected, used and
maintained.
7. Soil pH in the implementation site is monitored in relation to plant

nutrition and according to farm work procedures.
Date Developed:
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PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
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8. Products useful in changing soil pH are identified, compared, selected
and sourced according to farm work procedures.
9. Product application methods are assessed according to product type,
soils, farm work procedures, and in due consideration of the
environmental implications.
10. Common nutrient deficiency and toxicity problems in plants are
identified using visual inspection.
11. The supervisor and/or nutritional specialist are consulted, as required,
to determine causes of nutritional or toxicity problems.
12. Soil ameliorants to improve soil fertility are identified, compared,
selected and sourced according to farm work procedures.
13. The fertilizer to be used is selected according to fertilizer type, soils,
farm work procedures, in consultation with the supervisor and/or
nutritional specialist and in due consideration of the environmental
implications.
14. Fertilizer application methods are assessed according to fertilizer type,
soils, farm work procedures, and in due consideration of the
15. Fertilizers are applied according to the plant growing cycle and the farm
fertilizer calendar.
16. Fertilizers are handled and stored according to farm work procedures
and to minimize detrimental environmental impact.
17. Tools, equipment and machinery are selected according to farm work
procedures.
18. Pre-operational and safety checks are carried out on tools, equipment
and machinery according to manufacturer’s specifications and farm
work procedures.
19. Tools, equipment and machinery are calibrated and adjusted according
to manufacturer’s guidelines and farm work procedures.
20. Specific products are selected based on their analysis to meet plant
needs according to farm work procedures.
21. Product application rates are calculated to optimize plant benefit and
minimize environmental impact according to manufacturer’s
specifications and farm work procedures.
22. Specific products are applied at the correct rate, timing and method
according to the product type and analysis, manufacturers
specifications, farm work procedures, and in due consideration of the
23. Product applications are recorded according to farm work procedures.
24. Target plant response to the plant nutrition program, as well as any
non-target effects such as environmental impact or pest responses are
monitored, documented and reported to the supervisor according to
farm work procedures.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
Learning Outcome 4
Prepare to use fertilizers
Contents:
1. Types and uses of various fertilizers

2. Methods of fertilizer application
3. Soil types
4. Plant growing cycle
5. Farm fertilizer calendar
6. Handling and storage of fertilizers
7. Environmental implications of fertilizer application
Assessment Criteria:
1. The fertilizer to be used is selected according to soil nutrient
requirements, farm work procedures, in consultation with the
supervisor and/or nutritional specialist and in due consideration of
the environmental implications.
2. Fertilizer application methods are assessed according to fertilizer type,
soil type, farm work procedures, and in due consideration of the
3. Fertilizers are applied according to the plant growing cycle and the
farm fertilizer calendar.
4. Fertilizers are properly handled and stored, ensuring minimal
detrimental environmental impact according to farm work procedures
Condition:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
• Workplace with commercial agronomic cropping

• Farm work procedures
• Fertilizers (urea, complete, ammophos, ammosul, etc)
• Sprayers and storage facility
 Standing crops
Assessment Methods:
1. Written Examination
2. Oral Questioning
3. Demonstration
4. Direct observation and interview
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 4
Prepare to Use Fertilizers
Learning Activities Special Instruction

Read Information Sheet No. 3.4-1 Types and Read and understand the
Uses of Various Fertilizers information sheet and
check yourself by
Answer Self Check 3.4-1 answering the self-check.
You must answer all
Compare your Self-Check answers to Answer correctly before
Keys 3.4-1 proceeding to the next
activity.
Perform Task Sheet 3.4-1 identify types and
uses of various fertilizers Evaluate your own work
for every job sheet using
Compare performance with the criteria the performance criteria
checklist 3.4.-1 checklist.
Read Information Sheet No. 3.4-2 Methods of
Fertilizer Application When you are ready,
present your work to
Answer Self Check 3.4-2 your trainer for final
evaluation and recording.
Compare your Self-Check answers to Answer
Keys 3.4-2 After doing all activities
of this Learning
View video on Methods of Fertilizer Application Outcome, you are ready
to proceed to the next
Perform Task Sheet 3.4-2 Apply Foliar Spray Learning Outcome which
is Prepare application
Compare performance with the criteria checklist Equipment.
3.4-2
Read Information Sheet No. 3.4-3 Soil Types
Answer Self Check 3.4-3
Compare your Self-Check answers to Answer

Keys 3.4-3
Perform Task Sheet 3.4-3 identify the different

soil texture doing the roll method
Compare performance with the criteria

checklist 3.4.-3
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Learning Activities Special Instruction
Read Information Sheet No. 3.4-4 Plant Read and understand the
Growing Cycle information sheet and
check yourself by
Answer Self Check 3.4-4 answering the self-check.
You must answer all
Check answers to Answer Keys 3.4-4 correctly before
proceeding to the next
View video Plant Growing Cycle: Sigmund activity.
Curve
Read Information Sheet No. 3.4-5 Farm Evaluate your own work
Fertilizer Calendar for every job sheet using
the performance criteria
Answer Self Check 3.4-5 checklist.
Check answers to Answer Keys 3.4-5 When you are ready,

present your work to
Read Information Sheet No. 3.4-6 Handling and your trainer for final
Storage of Fertilizers evaluation and recording.
Answer Self Check 3.4-6 After doing all activities

of this Learning
Check answers to Answer Keys 3.4-6 Outcome, you are ready
to proceed to the next
Read Information Sheet No. 3.4-7 Learning Outcome which
Environmental Implications of Fertilizer is Prepare application
Application Equipment.
Answer Self Check 3.4-7
Check answers to Answer Keys 3.4-7
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
INFORMATION SHEET No. 3.4-1
Types and Uses of Various Fertilizers
Fertilizers are substances that supply plant nutrients or amend soil fertility.
They are the most effective means of increasing crop production and of
improving the quality of food and fodder. Fertilizers are used in order to
supplement the natural nutrient supply in the soil, especially to correct the
(yield-limiting) minimum factor.
Fertilizers are soil amendments applied to promote plant growth; the main
nutrients present in fertilizer are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (the
‘macronutrients’) and other nutrients (‘micronutrients’) are added in smaller
amounts. Fertilizers are usually directly applied to soil, and also sprayed on
leaves (‘foliar feeding’).
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Identify the types and uses of various fertilizers.

2. Distinguish methods of application; and
3. Apply fertilizers based on the types and methods required
Types of Fertilizers
1. In organic Fertilizer
 They are very important for sustaining and increasing food
production. Different kinds of fertilizers are commercially available in
the market for all the major and micronutrients. However, they are
costly inputs and their excessive use may deteriorate the soil quality
and food quality. Hence, there is a need to improve their use efficiency
through efficient and balanced fertilizer management and essentially
follow the four R’s formula for judicious and effective
nutrient/fertilizer management. They are:
 Right type of fertilizer

 Right dose of fertilizer
 Right method of application
 Right time of applicaton
2. Organic Fertilizer
 Due to intensive cultivation of soil and less organic manure

application, the soils are low in organic matter status. A decrease in
soil organic matter results in compact soil, poor aeration and low
infiltration and water holding capacity and also low fertility status.
The organic matter status in soils can be improved and maintained
by constant addition of organic manures such as FYM, compost,
Date Developed:
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PRODUCTION NC III
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Revision No.
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green manures, poultry manures, vermicompost, oilcakes etc.,
Organic matter is good source of macro and micro nutrients, and
more over improves physical, chemical and biological properties soil.
The Essential elements
Criteria of nutrient essentiality:
1. A deficiency of the element makes it impossible for the plant to

complete the vegetative or reproductive stages of its life.
2. The deficiency symptoms of the element in question can be prevented or
corrected only by the supplying element.
3. The element is directly involved in the nutrition of the plant quite apart
from its possible effect in correcting some microbiological or chemical
condition in the soil or culture medium.
FUNCTIONS OF THE 18 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen form about 95% of the dry weight of
plants and are obtained from CO2 and H2O. They are converted in to simple
carbohydrates by photosynthesis and ultimately elaborated into complex
amino acids, proteins and protoplasm. These are the major components of
carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
Functions:
1. They play a dominant role in the process of photosynthesis and

respiration in plants.
2. They are involved in the formation of simple as well as complex
organic compounds like carbohydrates, starch proteins etc.
3. Maintaining the structure of the plant cells.
4. They provide ‘energy’ required for the growth and development of
plant oxidative break down of carbohydrates, proteins and fats during
their cellular respiration.
NITROGEN
Nitrogen plays a key role in the

nutrition of plants. It is one of
the principal growth promoting
nutrient elements. Green plants
are more markedly influenced
by the deficiency of nitrogen
than by any other element. It is
absorbed by plants in the ionic
form of NO3-, by most of the
Date Developed:
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PRODUCTION NC III
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plants. Some plants require NH4 + form (rice). When applied as foliar
nutrition, NH2 (amide from) is also absorbed. It has got most recognized role
in the plant metabolism as it performs the following vital functions.
Functions of Nitrogen in plants
1. The Nitrogen is mainly involved in Photosynthesis of plants as it is

essential constituent of chlorophyll, a green pigment essential in
photosynthesis.
2. It is very basic constituent of plant life, because, it forms essential
constituent of proteins, nucleotides phosphatides, alkaloids, enzymes,
hormones, vitamins etc.,
3. It promotes better Vegetative growth and adequate supply of nitrogen
promotes rapid early growth and imparts dark green color to plants,
improves quality and succulence of leafy vegetables and fodder crops.
4. It stimulates the formation of fruit buds; increases fruit set, and
improve quality of fruits.
5. It governs the better utilization of Potassium, Phosphorus & other
elements..
PHOSPHORUS
 Phosphorous is a
constituent of essential cell
components such as
phytins, phosphoproteins,
phospholipids, nucleic
acids (DNA, RNA), co-
enzymes (NAD & NADP),
ATP and other high energy
compounds. It is also a
structural component of cell membrane, chloroplasts, mitochondria
and meristematic tissues. Plants absorb the Phosphorus as H 2PO4-
and HPO4 2- ionic form. Phosphate compounds act as “energy
currency” within plants. It is highly mobile in plants but immobile in
soils.
Functions
1. Involved in energy storage and transfer. Also carry various metabolic
processes in plants.
2. Involved in cell division and development of meristematic tissue and
thus it improves better vegetative growth of plants.
3. Important for root development and stimulates root growth.
Helps in primordial development, flowering, seed formation, ripening
of fruits germination of seeds and also early maturity of crops.
4. It is essential for formation of starch, proteins, nucleic acids,
photosynthesis, nitrogen-metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism,
glycolysis, respiration and fatty acid synthesis.
Date Developed:
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PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
POTASSIUM
 Potassium is
indispensable in the plant
nutrition and needs to be
supplied in relatively large
quantities to fruit crops
and field crops. Plants
absorb K from the soil as
K+ ion and it is mobile in
nature in plants.
Potassium does not enter
in to the composition of
any of the constituents of the plant cells such as proteins, chlorophyll,
fats and carbohydrates. It primarily occurs as soluble inorganic salts
and occasionally as salts of organic acids. It is abundant cation in the
cytoplasm, meristematic regions, cell sap. It is considered as Quality
element for many crops.
Functions
1. Potassium is responsible for osmoregulation and controls cell turger
pressure.
It has important role in pH stabilization, enzyme activation, protein
synthesis, stomata movement (closing and opening), cell extension
and photosynthesis.
2. Impart drought/heat/frost resistance to plants as it regulates
transpiration and water conditions in the plant cell. It improves
water use efficiency
3. Impart pest and disease resistance to plants
4. Required for ATP synthesis and better N use efficiency by favoring
the protein formation.
5. Plants become strong and stiff; thus it reduces lodging of plants.
6. Essential in the formation and transfer of starch and sugars
especially in potato, sweet potato, turnip, banana, tapioca.
CALCIUM, Ca
 It is immobile in plants and exists

as deposits of calcium oxalate,
calcium pectate in the middle
lamella of cell wall and CaCO3 and
CaPO4 in cell vacuoles. Although
calcium is present in plants in
relatively higher proportion as
compared with other elements, its
actual requirement by plants is
not much higher than that of a
primary nutrient.
Date Developed:
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PRODUCTION NC III
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Revision No.
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Functions
1. It is a constituent of the cell wall and promotes early root
development.
2. It is required for cell divisions and chromosome stability, cell wall
construction, cell elongation of the shoot and root.
3. Stabilizing the pectin of the middle lamella in the cell wall by forming
calcium pectate thus, Ca brings resistance against diseases.
4. Effect on fruit quality includes increase in the firmness of the fruit.
5. Indirectly influences many enzyme systems and maintain cation-
anion balance (by acting as a counter ion).
MAGNESIUM (Mg)
 Mg is a constituent of the
chlorophyll molecule and
located at its center, without
which photosynthesis by
plants would not occur. It is a
mobile element and plant
absorb as Mg2+ ionic form.
Functions:
1. Very much essential for photosynthesis.
2. It is involved in the regulation of cellular pH, cation-anion
balance and turgur regulation of cells.
3. Necessary for protein synthesis.
4. Activator of enzymes in carbohydrate and ATP metabolism.
5. Essential for the formation of oils and fats
6. It is required for stabilization of cell membranes.
SULFUR, S
 It is abundant in plant, particularly in
the leaves. Plant absorbs as sulphate
(SO42-) form. It does not easily
translocated in plants.
Functions:
1. Required for synthesis of the S-
containing amino acids like cystine,
cysteine and methionine, which are
important for protein synthesis.
2. Role in photosynthesis by involving in
structural formation of chlorophyll in
leaves.
3. It is a constituent of proteins and
volatile compounds responsible for the characteristic taste & smell
of plants in the mustard and onion families.
4. It enhances oil synthesis in crops
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PRODUCTION NC III
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5. It is a vital part of Ferrodoxins (Non Heme iron, sulfur protein), S-
adenosyl methionine.
IRON (Fe)
 It is the first micronutrient to be
discovered as an essential element
for plant life. Iron present in
chloroplasts as a “ferrodoxin”
compound. Plants obtain as Fe2+
and Fe3+ forms and also as chelated
Fe form. Immobile element within
the plant; as such iron deficiency is
noticeable in younger leaves at the
growing region.
Functions:
1. Involved in biosynthesis of
chlorophyll and in the synthesis of chloroplast proteins
2. Activates several enzymes involved in respiration.
3. It brings about oxidation-reduction reactions in the plant.
4. It regulates respiration, photosynthesis, reduction of nitrates and
sulphates.
MANGANESE, Mn
 It is absorbed by plants as Mn2+
form from the soil. It is
translocated to the different
plant parts where it is most
needed.
Functions:
1. Involved in oxidation-reduction
reactions and electron transport
in photosystem II
2. It is directly or indirectly involved in chloroplast formation and
their multiplication.
3. It activates large number of
enzymes and acts as a co-factor
and catalyses most of the
enzymes
4. It helps in movement of Iron.
COPPER, Cu
Minute quantities of copper are
necessary for normal growth of plants.
Copper salts are poisonous even in
exceedingly small concentrations.
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PRODUCTION NC III
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It is absorbed as cupric ion (Cu2+). Its function is almost similar to those
of Fe. It is immobile element in plants.
Functions:
1. It acts as electron carriers in enzymes which bring about oxidation-
reduction reaction in plants.
2. Helps in utilization of iron in chlorophyll synthesis.
3. Influence on cell wall permeability and nitrate reduction.
4. Play a role in the biosynthesis & activity of ethylene in ripening
fruit.
5. Promote the formation of vitamin-A in plants.
6. Influence on pollen formation & fertilization.
BORON, B
 Boron is present especially at the growing
points and in the conducting tissue. This
element being a non metal doesn’t appear to
be a part of any enzyme system. Plants
absorb B as H3BO3-, B4O72-, H2BO3-, and
HBO23- & BO32-. It is immobile element in
plants.
Function:
1. Essential for cell division in the meristematic tissues.
2. Involved in proper pollination, pollen formation, pollen tube
growth/ flowering and fruit or seed set.
3. Important role in the fertilizing process of plants and during
blossom period its requirement is high
4. It influences carbohydrates and N-metabolism and also Ca.
5. Translocation of sugars through cellular membranes and
prevents the polymerization of sugars.
6. It enhances rooting of cutting through oxidation process.
7. It has role in hormone movement and action.
8. It gives resistance for pest and disease infection, e.g.: virus, fungi
& insects.
9. Role in water relations i.e., prevents hydration of root tips & thus
strengthens the plant roots
10. Acts as a regulator of potassium/calcium
ratio in the plant. Solubility & mobility of
Ca increases.
MOLYBDENUM, Mo
 Required by plants in small quantity, plant
absorb as MoO42- form. It is structural
components of Nitrogenase enzyme and
constituent of nitrate reductase.
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Functions:
1. Essential role in iron absorption and translocation in plants,
protein synthesis and N- Fixation in legumes.
2. Brings oxidation and reduction reactions especially in the
reduction of NO3 to NH4.
3. It acts as a bridge or link in transferring electrons.
4. Role in phosphate system and ascorbic acid synthesis.
CHLORINE, Cl
 Chlorine is readily taken up by plants and
its mobility in short and long distance
transport is high. It does not form
constituents of organic substance but act
only in ionic form. The plant requirement
for chlorine is rather quite high as
compared to other micronutrients. The
exact role of Cl in plant metabolism is still
obscure.
Functions:
1. Involved in the evolution of “Oxygen” by chloroplasts in photo
system-II.
2. Associated with turgor production in the guard cells by the
osmotic pressure exerted by K+ ions
3. Role in stomata regulation (opening & closing).
4. Water splitting in photo system-II.
5. Act as a bridging ligand for stabilization of the oxidized state of
Mn.
ZINC, Zn
 Zinc is having limited mobility in plants

and immobile in soil and plant absorb
as Zn2+ form.
Functions:
1. Zn is a constituent of several enzymes systems which regulate
various metabolic reactions in the plant.
2. Influences the formation of some growth hormones in the plant
like IAA, and Auxin.
3. Helpful in reproduction of certain plants.
4. Role in photosynthesis and involved in chlorophyll synthesis,
protein synthesis.
5. Involved in alcohol dehydrogenase activity in fruit trees.
Date Developed:
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PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
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NICKEL (Ni)
 Components of enzymes urease and
hydrogenizes; involved in the mobilization of
nitrogenous compounds
COBALT ( Co )
 Essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation
Kinds Organic Fertilizer
1. Farm Yard Manure

 is a decomposed mixture of
Cattle dung and urine with straw and
litter used as bedding material and
residues from the fodder fed to the
cattle.
2. Green Manure
 a fertilizer consisting of growing
plants that are plowed
back into the soil.
 In agriculture, green
manure is created by
leaving uprooted or sown
crop parts to wither on a
field so that they serve as a
mulch and soil
amendment. The plants
used for green manure are often cover crops grown primarily for this
purpose.
3. Chicken manure
 Chicken manure is the feces of
chickens used as an organic
fertilizer, especially for soil low in
nitrogen. Of all animal manures, it
has the highest amount of
nitrogen, phosphorus, and
potassium.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
4. Vermicompost
is the product of the composting
process using various species of
worms, usually red wigglers, white
worms, and other earthworms, to
create a mixture of decomposing
vegetable or food waste, bedding
materials, and vermicast. Vermicast is
the end-product of the breakdown of
organic matter by earthworms
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Self- Check 3.4-1
MATCHING TYPE
Direction: Match the column A with the column B. Write the letter of the
correct answer.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. They are very important for A. Organic Fertilizer
sustaining and increasing food B. Nitrogen
production. Different kinds of C. Inorganic fertilizer
fertilizers are commercially D. Phosphorus
available in the market for all E. Manganese
the major and micronutrients. F. Iron
2. Fertilizer that has a good source G. Sulfur
of macro and micro nutrients, H. Potassium
and more over improves I. Magnesium
physical, chemical and J. Calcium
biological properties soil K. zinc
3. Mainly involved in
Photosynthesis of plants as it is
essential constituent of
chlorophyll, a green pigment
essential in photosynthesis
4. Important for root development
and stimulates root growth
5. It has important role in pH
stabilization, enzyme activation,
protein synthesis, stomata
movement (closing and
opening), cell extension and
photosynthesis
6. It is a constituent of the cell wall
and promotes early root
development
7. It is involved in the regulation of
cellular pH, cation-anion
balance and turgur regulation of
cells
8. It enhances oil synthesis in
crops
9. It regulates respiration,
photosynthesis, reduction of
nitrates and sulphates
10. Involved in oxidation-reduction
reactions and electron transport
in photosystem II
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Answer Keys 3.4-1
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. H
6. J
7. I
8. G
9. F
10. E
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
TASK SHEET 3.4-1
Title: Identify types and uses of various fertilizers
Performance Objective: Given the learning outcome on Types and uses

of various fertilizers, tools, materials and supplies, you are expected
to identify fertilizer specimen and its uses; as well as the analysis
grade of inorganic fertilizers within 30 minutes.
Supplies/Materials :
1. Work station conducive for learning
2. Organic fertilizer: vermin- cast, cow manure, chicken manure
3. In organic Fertilizer: Source. N, P2O5,
4. K2O, S, Phosphorus, Rock phosphate (25–40-0), Potassium
chloride (0-60–62), Calcium, Lime, Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt)
Sulfur. Elemental sulfur
5. vials
6. paper/ answer sheet
7. ballpen
8. timer
9. table
Equipment : Not Applicable
Steps/Procedure:
1. Fill-in the answer sheet, write your name and section

2. Identify the analysis grade of the following fertilizer found in the
evolution table
3. Give the chemical symbol of each fertilizer presented by your
trainer.
4. Name the fertilizer
5. Categorize the fertilizer according to its type.
Assessment Method:
Demonstration
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Performance Criteria Checklist 3.4-1
Name of the Trainee: ________________________ Date: ______________
During the demonstration, did the trainee.. Yes No

1. Fill-in the answer sheet, write your name and section
2. Identify the analysis grade of the following fertilizer found in
the evolution table
3. Give the chemical symbol of each fertilizer.
4. presented by your trainer
5. Name the fertilizer
6. Categorize the fertilizer according to its type
The trainee was  Competent  Not Yet Competent
Trainee’s Signature: _________________________
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Methods of Fertilizer Application
In order to get maximum benefit from manures and fertilizers, they should
not only be applied in proper time and in right manner but any other
aspects should also be given careful consideration. Different soils react
differently with fertilizer application. Similarly, the N, P, K requirements of
different crops are different and even for a single a crop the nutrient
requirements are not the same at different stages of growth. The aspects
that require consideration in fertilizer application are listed below:
1. Identify which methods of fertilizer application is effective and efficient

in plant growth and development.
2. Perform the basic method of fertilizer application
METHODS OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION
1. Broadcasting
 It refers to spreading fertilizers uniformly all over the field.
Suitable for crops with dense stand, the plant roots permeate the
whole volume of the soil, large doses of fertilizers are applied and
insoluble phosphate fertilizers such as rock phosphate are used.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Broadcasting of fertilizers is of two types.
a. Broadcasting at sowing or
planting (Basal application)
 The main objectives of
broadcasting the fertilizers at
sowing time are to uniformly
distribute the fertilizer over the
entire field and to mix it with
soil.
b. Top dressing
 It is the broadcasting of
fertilizers particularly
nitrogenous fertilizers in
closely sown crops like paddy
and wheat, with the objective
of supplying nitrogen in
readily available form to
growing plants.
Disadvantages of broadcasting
The main disadvantages of application of fertilizers through broadcasting

are:
a. Nutrients cannot be fully utilized by plant roots as they move
laterally over long distances.
b. The weed growth is stimulated all over the field.
c. Nutrients are fixed in the soil as they come in contact with a large
mass of soil.
2. Placement
 It refers to the placement of fertilizers in soil at a specific place with
or without reference to the position of the seed.
Placement of fertilizers is normally recommended when the
quantity of fertilizers to apply is small, development of the root
system is poor, soil have a low level of fertility and to apply
phosphatic and potassic fertilizer.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
The common methods to place fertilizers close to the seed or plant are
as follows:
a) Drilling
 In this method, the
fertilizer is applied at
the time of sowing by
means of a seed-cum-
fertilizer drill. This
places fertilizer and the
seed in the same row
but at different depths.
Although this method
has been found suitable for the application of phosphatic and
potassic fertilizers in cereal crops, but sometimes germination of
seeds and young plants may get damaged due to higher
concentration of soluble salts.
b) Side dressing
 It refers to the
spread of
fertilizer in
between the
rows and
around the
plants. The
common
methods of
side-dressing
are placement
of nitrogenous
fertilizers by
hand in between the rows of crops like maize, sugarcane, cotton
etc., to apply additional doses of nitrogen to the growing crops and
placement of fertilizers around the trees like mango, apple, grapes,
papaya etc.
3. Band placement
Band placement is of two types.
a. Hill placement
 It is practiced for the application of fertilizers in orchards. In
this method, fertilizers are placed close to the plant in bands on
one or both sides of the plant. The length and depth of the band
varies with the nature of the crop.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
b. Row placement
 When the crops like sugarcane, potato, maize, cereals etc., are
sown close together in rows, the fertilizer is applied in
continuous bands on one or both sides of the row, which is
known as row placement.
4. Pellet application
 It refers to the placement of nitrogenous fertilizer in the form of
pellets 2.5 to 5 cm deep between the rows of the paddy crop.
The fertilizer is mixed with the soil in the ratio of 1:10 and made
small pellets of convenient size to deposit in the mud of paddy
fields.
Advantages of placement of fertilizers

1. When the fertilizer is placed, there is minimum contact between the soil
and the fertilizer, and thus fixation of nutrients is greatly reduced.
2. The weeds all over the field can not make use of the fertilizers.
3. Residual response of fertilizers is usually higher.
4. Utilization of fertilizers by the plants is higher.
5. Loss of nitrogen by leaching is reduced.
6. Being immobile, phosphates are better utilized when placed.
Methods of applying in liquid fertilizers
a) Starter solutions
 It refers to the application of solution of N, P2O5 and K2O in the
ratio of 1:2:1 and 1:1:2 to young plants at the time of
transplanting, particularly for vegetables.
 Starter solution helps in rapid establishment and quick growth of
seedlings.
The disadvantages of starter solutions are

(i) Extra labour is required, and
(ii) the fixation of phosphate is higher.
b) Foliar application
 It refers to the spraying of fertilizer solutions containing one or
more nutrients on the foliage of growing plants.
 Several nutrient elements are readily absorbed by leaves when they
are dissolved in water and sprayed on them.
 The concentration of the spray solution has to be controlled,
otherwise serious damage may result due to scorching of the
leaves.
 Foliar application is effective for the application of minor nutrients
like iron, copper, boron, zinc and manganese. Sometimes
insecticides are also applied along with fertilizers.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Application through irrigation water (Fertigation)
 It refers to the application of water soluble fertilizers through
irrigation water.
 The nutrients are thus carried into the soil in solution.
 Generally nitrogenous fertilizers are applied through irrigation
water.
d) Injection into soil
 Liquid fertilizers for injection into the soil may be of either pressure
or non-pressure types.
 Non-pressure solutions may be applied either on the surface or in
furrows without appreciable loss of plant nutrients under most
conditions.
 Anhydrous ammonia must be placed in narrow furrows at a depth
of 12-15 cm and covered immediately to prevent loss of ammonia.
e) Aerial application.
 In areas where ground application is not practicable, the fertilizer

solutions are applied by aircraft particularly in hilly areas, in forest
lands, in grass lands or in sugarcane fields etc.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Self- Check 3.4-2
Identification
Direction: Identify the methods of fertilizer application that is stated in the

sentence. Write your answer on the space provided before each number.
___________1. This is a broadcasting method of applying fertilizer that the

main objective is to distribute uniformly the fertilizer over the
entire field and to mix it with soil.
___________2. This method is suitable for areas where soil becomes quite dry
up to few cm below the soil surface and soils having a heavy
clay pan just below the plough sole layer.
____________3. It refers to the spread of fertilizer in between the rows and

around the plants.
_____________4. It refers to the spraying of fertilizer solutions containing one

or more nutrients on the foliage of growing plants.
Several nutrient elements are readily absorbed by leaves
when they are dissolved in water and sprayed on them.
_____________5. It refers to the application of water soluble fertilizers through

irrigation water.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Answer Key 3.4-2
1. Basal application
2. Plough sole placement
3. Side dressing
4. Foliar application
5. Fertigation
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
TASK SHEET 3.4-2
Title: Apply foliar spray
Performance Objective: Given the learning outcome on Methods of

Fertilizer application, tools, materials and equipment you are
expected to demonstrate foliar spray application within 15 minutes
while observing occupational health and safety.
liquid fertilizer
PPE
standing crop
measuring scope
container
Equipment : knapsack sprayer
Steps/Procedure:
1. Prepare all the materials
2. Mix fertilizer according to ratio and dosage.
3. Mix the fertilizer solution very well.
4. Apply the solution directly to the leaves of the plants.
5. Wash the sprayer after usage.
6. Return all borrowed materials and equipment to the storage area/
training resource area.
Assessment Method:
Demonstration
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan

1. Prepare all the materials
2. Mix fertilizer according to ratio and dosage.
3. Mix the fertilizer solution very well.
4. Apply the solution directly to the leaves of the plants.
5. Wash the sprayer after usage.
6. Return all borrowed materials and equipment to the storage

area/ training resource area.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Soil Types
Soil is a natural body comprised of solids (minerals and organic matter),

liquid, and gases that occurs on the land surface, occupies space, and is
characterized by one or both of the following: horizons, or layers, that are
distinguishable from the initial material as a result of additions, losses,
transfers, and transformations of energy and matter or the ability to support
rooted plants in a natural environment.
There are 5 different soil types that gardeners and growers usually work
with. All five is a combination of just three types of weathered rock particles
that make up the soil: sand, silt, and clay. How these three particles are
combined defines your soil’s type—how it feels to the touch, how it holds
water, and how it’s managed, among other things.
1. Identify the soil type.

2. Perform roll method to identify the soil texture.
SOIL TYPE
1. Soil Type: Sandy

Sandy soil has the largest particles among the different soil types. It’s dry
and gritty to the touch, and because the particles have huge spaces
between them, it can’t hold on to water.
Water drains rapidly, straight through to places where the roots,

particularly those of seedlings, cannot reach. Plants don’t have a chance
of using the nutrients in sandy soil more efficiently as they’re swiftly
carried away by the runoff.
The upside to sandy soil is that it’s light to work with and warms much
more quickly in the spring.
Testing what type of soil you’re working with involves moistening the soil
and rolling it into a ball to check the predominating soil particle. When
you roll the slightly wet sandy soil in your palms, no ball should be
formed and it crumbles through your fingers easily.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
2. Silty
Silty soil has much smaller particles than sandy soil so it’s smooth to
the touch. When moistened, it’s soapy slick. When you roll it between
your fingers, dirt is left on your skin.
Silty soil retains water longer, but it can’t hold on to as much nutrients
as you’d want it to though it’s fairly fertile. Due to its moisture-retentive
quality, silty soil is cold and drains poorly.
Silty soil can also easily compact, so avoid trampling on it when working
your garden. It can become poorly aerated, too.
3. Clay
Clay soil has the smallest particles among the three so it has good water
storage qualities. It’s sticky to the touch when wet, but smooth when
dry.
Due to the tiny size of its particles and its tendency to settle together,
little air passes through its spaces. Because it’s also slower to drain, it
has a tighter hold on plant nutrients. Clay soil is thus rich in plant food
for better growth.
Clay soil is cold and in the spring, takes time to warm since the water
within also has to warm up. The downside is that clay soil could be very
heavy to work with when it gets dry. Especially during the summer
months, it could turn hard and compact, making it difficult to turn.
(When clay soil is worked while it’s too wet though, it’s prone to
damage).
If moistened soil feels sticky, rolls up easily, and forms into a ball or
sausage-like shape, then you’ve got yourself clay.
4. Peaty
Peaty soil is dark brown or black in color, soft, easily compressed due to
its high water content, and rich in organic matter. Peat soil started
forming over 9,000 years ago, with the rapid melting of glaciers. This
rapid melt drowned plants quickly and died in the process. Their decay
was so slow underwater that it led to the accumulation of organic area
in a concentrated spot.
Although peat soil tends to be heavily saturated with water, once

drained, it turns into a good growing medium. In the summer though,
peat could be very dry and become a fire hazard. (I kid you not—peat is
the precursor of coal.) The most desirable quality of peat soil, however, is
in its ability to hold water in during the dry months and its capacity to
protect the roots from damage during very wet months.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Peat contains acidic water, but growers use it to regulate soil chemistry
or pH levels as well as an agent of disease control for the soil.
When wet peat soil is rolled, you won’t form a ball. It’s spongy to the
touch and when squeezed, water could be forced out.
5. Saline Soil
The soil in extremely dry regions is usually brackish because of its high
salt content. Known as saline soil, it can cause damage to and stall plant
growth, impede germination, and cause difficulties in irrigation.
The salinity is due to the buildup of soluble salts in the rhizosphere—

high salt contents prevent water uptake by plants, leading to drought
stress.
It’s easy enough to test if you have saline soil. You’ll probably see a white
layer coating the surface of the soil, your plants are growing poorly, and
they’re suffering from leaf tip burn, especially on young leaves.
6. The Ideal Soil Type: Loam
The type of soil that gardens and gardeners love is loamy soil. It contains
a balance of all three soil materials—silt, sand and clay—plus humus. It
has a higher pH and calcium levels because of its previous organic
matter content.
Loam is dark in color and is mealy—soft, dry and crumbly—in your

hands. It has a tight hold on water and plant food but it drains well, and
air moves freely between soil particles down to the roots.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
SELF- CHECK 3.4-3
Multiple Choices
Direction: Choose and encircle the correct answer.
1. Sandy soil has the largest particles among the different soil types. It’s dry
and gritty to the touch, and because the particles have huge spaces
between them, it can’t hold on to water.
a. loamy b. clay c. sandy
2. Silty soil has much smaller particles than sandy soil so it’s smooth to the
touch. When moistened, it’s soapy slick. When you roll it between your
fingers, dirt is left on your skin
a. Silty b. clay c. sandy
3. Clay soil has the smallest particles among the three so it has good water
storage qualities. It’s sticky to the touch when wet, but smooth when dry
a. Silty b. clay c. sandy
4. Peaty soil is dark brown or black in color, soft, easily compressed due to
its high water content, and rich in organic matter. Peat soil started
forming over 9,000 years ago, with the rapid melting of glaciers. This
rapid melt drowned plants quickly and died in the process
a. Silty b. clay c. Peaty
5. The soil in extremely dry regions is usually brackish because of its high
salt content. Known as saline soil, it can cause damage to and stall plant
growth, impede germination, and cause difficulties in irrigation.
a. Saline b. clay c. Peaty
6. The type of soil that gardens and gardeners love________. It contains a

balance of all three soil materials—silt, sand and clay—plus humus. It
has a higher pH and calcium levels because of its previous organic
matter content
a. loamy b. clay c. sandy
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Key Answer No. 3.4-3
1. c
2. a
3. b
4. c
5. a
6. a
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
TASK SHEET 3.4-3
Title: Identify the different soil texture doing the roll method
Performance Objective: Given the learning outcome on soil type, tools

and materials you are expected to demonstrate the roll methods in
identifying soil texture following the standards and safety
procedure.
1. Different kind of soil water
2. Paper
3. ball pen
4. petri dish
5. Soil Textural Triangle
Equipment : Not applicable
Steps/Procedure:
1. Prepare the soil sample

2. Mix the soil sample with water but not too much
3. Roll the mixture by hand
4. Mold and form a ring
5. Refer the triangle chart for the result
Assessment Method:
Demonstration
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan

1. Prepare the soil sample
2. Mix the soil sample with water but not too much
3. Roll the mixture by hand
4. Mold and form a ring
5. Refer the triangle chart for the result
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
INFORMATION SHEET 3.4-4
Plant Growing Cycle
A life cycle shows how a living thing grows and changes. While plants life
cycles keep going, a plant’s life begins with the seed. With water, right
temperature and right location, the seed grows. It becomes a seedling.
Roots push down into the ground to get water and minerals. The stem
reaches for the sun, and leaves begin to unfold. A bud appears. The plants
then produce flowers. The flowers are then pollinated in many ways – by
bees, moths, butterflies, insects, moths, bats, butterflies and even by the
wind. The pollinated flower turns into fruit. The new seeds are inside the
fruit. The ripe fruit drops to the ground and the cycle begins again.
1. Understand and discuss the plant growing cycle.

2. Apply the growing cycle principles in all crops production operations.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
life cycle shows how a living thing grows and changes. While plants life
cycles keep going, a plant’s life begins with the seed. With water, right
temperature and right location, the seed grows. It becomes a seedling.
Roots push down into the ground to get water and minerals. The stem
reaches for the sun, and leaves begin to unfold. A bud appears. The plants
then produce flowers. The flowers are then pollinated in many ways – by
bees, moths, butterflies, insects, moths, bats, butterflies and even by the
wind. The pollinated flower turns into fruit. The new seeds are inside the
fruit. The ripe fruit drops to the ground and the cycle begins again.
Seeds:
 Some seeds have an outer layer called a seed coat, which provides
protection and food for the seed. When a seed grows, a small root
begins to grow downward and a shoot grows upward. When the shoot
hits the surface, the plant is called a sprout. The sprout uses water
and nutrients from the soil along with sunlight and air to grow and
change into a seedling.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Seedling:
 A seedling is a small plant with few

leaves. Later the seedling changes into a
young adult plant.
Young Adult Plant:
 At this stage, the plant is bigger and may have

more leaves. Thin branches will develop on young adult
trees. Over time, the young adult plant will grow into an
adult plant.
Adult Plant:
 The adult plant is now mature and

has the ability to reproduce through
spores or flowers. After flowers are
pollinated, they get bigger and turn into
fruit with seeds inside. The fruit protects
the seeds and after it ripens, the seeds
can start the life cycle all over again.
Because there are so many threats to
both seeds and seedlings, sometimes a
plant will make a lot of seeds so it will
survive.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
SELF CHECK 3.4-4
Matching Type
Match column A with column B. Write the letter only
Column A Column B
1. The outer layer of the seed which A. SEED COAT

provides protection and food for B. ADULT PLANT
the seed. c. SEEDLING
D. YOUNG PLANT
2. a small plant with few leaves. E. FRUIT
Later the seedling changes into a
young adult plant
3. At this stage, the plant is bigger

and may have more leaves
4. The plant is now mature and has

the ability to reproduce through
spores or flowers
5. protects the seeds and after it

ripens
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Answer Key 3.4-4
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. E
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Farm Fertilizer Calendar
Timing of fertilizer application has a significant effect on crop yields. Proper

timing of the fertilizer application increases yields, reduces nutrient losses,
increases nutrient use efficiency and prevents damage to the environment.
Applying fertilizers at the wrong timing might result in nutrient losses, waste
of fertilizer and even damage to the crop. The mechanisms by which losses
occur depend on the properties of the nutrient and its reactions with the
surroundings and will be discussed further in this article.

1. Determine the right timing of fertilizer application.
2. Value the significant effect on crop yields in proper timing of the fertilizer
application
3. Apply Fertilizer based on the fertilizer calendar
Timing and Frequency of Application
Timing of fertilizer application has a significant effect on crop yields. Proper

timing of the fertilizer application increases yields, reduces nutrient losses,
increases nutrient use efficiency and prevents damage to the environment.
Applying fertilizers at the wrong timing might result in nutrient losses, waste
of fertilizer and even damage to the crop. The mechanisms by which losses
occur depend on the properties of the nutrient and its reactions with the
surroundings and will be discussed further in this article.
Timing According to Plant Phenology
Plants need different nutrient rates and ratios at different growth

stages. In order for the nutrients to be available when the plant needs them,
fertilizers should be applied at the right timing. The optimum timing for
fertilizer application is, therefore, determined by the Nutrient Uptake Pattern
of the crop. For the same crop, each nutrient has an individual uptake
pattern.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Example of NPK uptake distribution
SPLIT FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS
Different crops have different salt tolerance levels. When salinity level
exceeds the salt tolerance of the crop, yield is affected and begins to
decrease.
The maximum rate of fertilizer that can be applied at one application

depends on the salinity threshold that the crop can tolerate.
Therefore, split fertilizer applications help to avoid salt damages to the crop
and improves germination rate. Applying smaller amounts of fertilizers at
shorter intervals reduce salt stress.
FREQUENCY OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION AS AFFECTED BY SOIL

TYPE
Soil type affects the timing and frequency of fertilizer application. Two major
soil properties determine the frequency and timing of application:
CEC – Cation Exchange Capacity – this is a parameter that measures the

capacity of the soil to hold and store positively-charged elements, such as
calcium, magnesium and potassium. Soils with high CEC require a lower
frequency of fertilizer application, and as a result, higher fertilizer rates are
applied with each application. In soils with a low CEC splitting the fertilizer
application into multiple applications is necessary to avoid loss of nutrients.
Soil Texture – soil texture is strongly related with CEC. Sandy soils usually
have a low CEC, while clayey soils have a higher CEC. But while CEC gives
an indication of the capacity of the soil to hold nutrients, soil texture refers
to the particle size distribution of the soil. Sandy soils can hold less water
than soils with a fine texture. Irrigation frequency is usually higher in sandy
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
soils and, as a result, leaching of nutrients is stronger. Therefore, splitting
fertilizer application in sandy soils is necessary.
TIMING OF NITROGEN APPLICATION

Nitrogen requires careful management, as it is very susceptible to being lost
from soils. Nitrogen can be lost from the soil through leaching,
denitrification, erosion and surface volatilization. Nitrogen is more readily
leached in sandy soils than in fine texture soils. If not properly applied,
nitrogen loss can account for up to 50-60% of the applied amount.
For example, if nitrogen is applied too early, before the plant really needs it,
a significant portion of the nitrogen may be lost before the crop takes it up.
Therefore, the time nitrogen is in the soil before the plant takes it up should
be minimized. Splitting nitrogen application is one way to do that. Splitting
the nitrogen application reduces the risk of nitrogen loss and improves the
efficiency of the application.
TIMING OF PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION

Movement of phosphorus in the soils is very slow. Therefore, roots can
uptake phosphorus only from their very close surroundings.
When first added to soil with fertilizers, phosphorus is in its soluble and
available form. However, it quickly becomes unavailable for plants in a
process called "Fixation".
Since phosphorus applied remains at the top soil layer, main losses are
through surface runoff and soil erosion.
It is important to take the above factors into consideration when deciding on
the timing of phosphorus application and on the frequency of applications.
For example, applying a high rate of phosphorus, especially right before rain
or heavy irrigation might cause loss of phosphorus through runoff and
erosion.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
SELF CHECK 3.4-5
TRUE or FALSE
Direction: Write T if the statement is true and write F if otherwise
1. Applying fertilizers at the wrong timing might result in nutrient losses,

waste of fertilizer and even damage to the crop
2. Movement of Nitrogen in the soils is very slow. Therefore, roots can

uptake phosphorus only from their very close surroundings
3. If not properly applied, nitrogen loss can account for up to 50-60% of

the applied amount
4. Soil texture is strongly related with CEC. Sandy soils usually have a
low CEC, while clayey soils have a higher CEC
5. The maximum rate of fertilizer that can be applied at one application

depends on the salinity threshold that the crop can tolerate
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
ANSWER KEY 3.4-5
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. T
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Read Information Sheet No. 3.4-6
Handling and Storage of Fertilizers
Greenhouse fertilizer storage areas contain concentrated nutrients that

must be stored and managed properly. Fertilizers can cause harm if they
reach surface or ground water. Storing fertilizers separate from other
chemicals in dry conditions can minimize these risks.
Learning Objectives

1. Identify fertilizers with combustible element and store safely and
separately
2. Handle fertilizer properly at all times
3. Apply the principles of handling fertilizers at all times and place
Fertilizer Storage and Handling

Checklist: Fertilizer Storage
 Store fertilizers separate from other chemicals in dry conditions.
 Extra care needs to be given to concentrate stock solutions.
Secondary containment should be used.
 Provide pallets to keep large drums or bags off the floor. Shelves for
smaller containers should have a lip to keep the containers from
sliding off easily. Steel shelves are easier to clean than wood if a spill
occurs.
 If you plan to store large bulk tanks, provide a containment area
large enough to confine 125 percent of the contents of the largest
bulk container.
 Keep the storage area locked and clearly labeled as a fertilizer
storage area. Preventing unauthorized use of fertilizers reduces the
chance of accidental spills or theft. Labels on the windows and doors
of the building give firefighters information about fertilizers and
other products present during an emergency response to a fire or a
spill.
 Provide adequate road access for deliveries and use, and in making
the storage area secure, also make it accessible, to allow getting
fertilizers and other chemicals out in a hurry.
 Never store fertilizers inside a well house or a facility containing an
abandoned well.
Fertilizer Storage and Handling

Greenhouse fertilizer storage areas contain concentrated nutrients that
must be stored and managed properly. Fertilizers can cause harm if they
reach surface or ground water. Excessive nitrate concentrations in drinking
water can cause health risks, especially in young children. Phosphorus can
be transported to surface waters and cause algae blooms and
eutrophication; resulting in poor water quality. Storing fertilizers separate
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
from other chemicals in dry conditions can minimize these risks. Extra care
needs to be given to concentrate stock solutions. Secondary containment
should always be used.
Untimely application of fertilizer leads to excessive release from the
production system to surface and/or ground water. Potential problems can
be minimized through adequate environmental awareness, employee
training, and emergency preparedness. Below are guidelines for properly
storing and handling greenhouse fertilizers.
Storage Location
Greenhouse fertilizer storage areas contain relatively large quantities of
concentrated chemicals. Risks in storage areas include release through
broken, damaged, or leaking containers; loss of security leading to
irresponsible use; accumulation of outdated materials leading to excessive
quantity of fertilizer thus unnecessarily raising risk level; and combustion of
oxidizing compounds in fertilizer (e.g., nitrates) caused by fire or another
disaster event.
The least amount of risk involves having a building or area dedicated to
fertilizer storage; separated from offices, surface water, neighboring
dwellings and bodies of water; separate from pesticides and protected from
extreme heat and flooding. The storage area should have an impermeable
floor with secondary containment, away from plant material and high traffic
areas. Clean-up equipment should be readily available.
Storage areas should not contain pesticides, or other greenhouse chemicals;
storage areas may contain general greenhouse supplies; there should be no
food, drink, tobacco products, or livestock feed present.
 Provide pallets to keep large drums or bags off the floor. Shelves for
smaller containers should have a lip to keep the containers from
sliding off easily. Steel shelves are easier to clean than wood if a spill
occurs.
 If you plan to store large bulk tanks, provide a containment area large
enough to confine 125 percent of the contents of the largest bulk
container.
 Keep the building or storage area locked and clearly labeled as a
fertilizer storage area. Preventing unauthorized use of fertilizers
reduces the chance of accidental spills or theft. Labels on the windows
and doors of the building give firefighters information about fertilizers
and other products present during an emergency response to a fire or
a spill. It is a good idea to keep a separate list of the chemicals and
amounts stored. If a fire should occur, consider where the water used
to fight the fire will go and where it might collect. For example, a curb
around the floor can help confine contaminated water.
 Provide adequate road access for deliveries and use, and in making
the storage area secure, also make it accessible, to allow getting
fertilizers and other chemicals out in a hurry.
 Never store fertilizers inside a well-house or a facility containing an
abandoned well.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Sound containers are your first line of defense against a spill or leak. If a
container is accidentally ripped open or knocked off a shelf, the spill should
be confined to the immediate area and promptly cleaned up. The building
should have a solid floor and, for liquid fertilizers, a curb. The containment
volume should be large enough to hold the contents of the largest full
container.
Containers
Fertilizer should be stored in their original containers unless damaged;
labels should be visible and readable; food or beverage containers should
never used for storage. Labels should be in plain sight; no containers should
come in contact with floor; all containers should be stored up-right; aisles
should be wide enough to comfortably accommodate workers; containers
should not be crowded on shelves or pallets.
Partially-used Containers
Paper bags and boxes should be opened with a box cutter or scissors; open
containers should be resealed and returned to storage; all open paper bags
should be sealed inside another, larger container, sealed and labelled.
Damaged Containers
Containers should be checked often for damage; when damaged containers
are noticed, contents should be repackaged and labelled or placed in
suitable secondary containment which can be sealed and labelled.
Containment
There should be no floor drain; the floor should provide containment in the
event of a spill; there should be secondary containment routinely used for
most open containers; damaged or leaking containers should be repaired
and/or replaced as soon as possible; all spilled material should be cleaned
up upon discovery; and clean-up materials should be discarded promptly
and properly.
Fire Prevention and Suppression

Fire detection and alarm system should be present; oxidizers and flammable
materials should be stored separately; fire extinguisher should be
immediately available; the fire department should be notified at least
annually of current inventory.
Inventory and Recordkeeping

Inventory should be actively maintained as chemicals are added or removed
from storage; containers should be dated when purchased; outdated
materials should be removed on a regular basis; inventory should be
controlled to prevent the accumulation of excess material that may become
difficult to use
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Lighting
Electrical lighting should allow view into all areas and cabinets within the
storage area.
Monitoring
There should be monthly inspection of storage for 1) signs of container
corrosion or other damage - leaking or damaged containers should be
repackaged as appropriate, 2) faulty ventilation, electrical, and fire
suppression systems – problems should be reported and corrected.
Security
The storage room should be locked and access restricted to trained
personnel.
Signage
There should be signs posted; warning signs should be used as needed;
emergency contact information should be posted.
Temperature Control
There should be active mechanical temperature control and no direct
sources of heat (sunny windows, steam pipes, furnaces, etc.).
Ventilation
Mechanical ventilation should be working and used.
Storage and Record Keeping

Fertilizer stock tanks should be labelled with fertilizer formulation and
concentration; records should be kept of fertilizer formulation,
concentration, date, and location of application; records should be kept of
media nutrient analyses.
Containment of Concentrated Stock

Concentrated stock should be stored near the injector in high density
polyethylene or polypropylene containers with extra heavy duty walls;
secondary containment should be provided.
Disposal
Sufficient planning should be made to eliminate the need for disposal;
empty fertilizer containers should be discarded based on latest advice from
environmental protection authorities.
Precipitate and Residue Disposal

Fertilizer systems should be cleaned. Solids and rinse solution should be
composted.
Spill Prevention and Preparedness

Opening fertilizer product containers, measuring amounts, and transferring
fertilizer to the delivery system involves some level of risk from spills.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Secondary containment should be used for fertilizer stock tanks routinely;
spill clean-up materials should be used for liquids (e.g., absorbent materials)
and solids (e.g., shovel, dust pan, broom and empty and/or buckets) should
be available within the general area.
Delivery System
The fertigation equipment should be checked monthly for accuracy;
containment tanks, back flow preventers and any equipment that holds
fertilizer in the dry or liquid form should be inspected; stock tanks should
be inspected weekly for deterioration and cracks; the manufacturer
recommendations should be followed when calibrating or working on
fertilizer injector equipment; stock solution tanks and the areas surrounding
fertilizer injectors and concentrated solutions should be kept clean and free
of debris.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
SELF CHECK 3.4-6
Discussion/ Essay
Instruction: Discuss the following items briefly.
1. How should you store fertilizer containers?

2. Fertilizers are needed to nourish plants, but they are also harmful to
the environment, what could you propose to solve this scenario?
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Answer Key 3.4-6
1. Fertilizer stock tanks should be labelled with fertilizer formulation and

concentration; records should be kept of fertilizer formulation,
concentration, date, and location of application; records should be
kept of media nutrient analyses.
2. Sufficient planning should be made to eliminate the need for disposal;

empty fertilizer containers should be discarded based on latest advice
from environmental protection authorities. Organic fertilizers should
be use more than inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers are good for
the soil as well as the soil biota.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Read Information Sheet No. 3.4-7
Environmental Implications of Fertilizer Application
Excess of fertilizer doses have bad effects on environment and reduces the farmer's
profit. Environmental problems are related to nutrients are depends on nature of
nutrients, doses and application methods. ... Low fertility soil produces high yield
due to judicious use of fertilizer
The biggest issue facing the use of chemical fertilizers is groundwater

contamination. Nitrogen fertilizers break down into nitrates and travel easily
through the soil. Because it is water-soluble and can remain in groundwater for
decades, the addition of more nitrogen over the years has an accumulative effect.
Learning Objectives
1. Gain awareness about the issues of inorganic fertilizer use;

2. Propose solutions and mean of minimizing the environmental impacts
of fertilizer use;
3. Apply sound fertilization planning for crops production
Negative Effects of Chemical Fertilizers
The biggest issue facing the use of chemical fertilizers is groundwater

contamination. Nitrogen fertilizers break down into nitrates and travel easily
through the soil. Because it is water-soluble and can remain in groundwater
for decades, the addition of more nitrogen over the years has an
accumulative effect.
At the University of Wisconsin, Madison, they discovered the effects of

chemical fertilizers are compounded when mixed with a single pesticide.
They discovered altered immune, endocrine and nervous system functions
in mice, as well as influence on children's and fetus developing neurological,
endocrine and immune systems. These influences "portend change in ability
to learn and in patterns of aggression."1
One popular fertilizer, urea, produces ammonia emanation, contributes to

acid rain, groundwater contamination and ozone depletion due to release of
nitrous oxide by denitrification process. With it's increased use and
projections of future use, this problem may increase several fold in the
coming decades.2
Groundwater contamination has been linked to gastric cancer, goitre, birth

malformations, and hypertension3; testicular cancer4 and stomach cancer.5
Excessive air- and water-borne nitrogen from fertilizers may cause
respiratory ailments, cardiac disease, and several cancers, as well as can
"inhibit crop growth, increase allergenic pollen production, and potentially
Date Developed:
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PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
affect the dynamics of several vector-borne diseases, including West Nile
virus, malaria, and cholera."6
Perhaps one of the scariest effects of chemical fertilizers is something called

methemoglobinemia. In infants it is alternatively known as Blue Baby
Syndrome. The risk most often occurs when infants are given formula
reconstituted with nitrate contaminated water. The condition causes a
decrease in oxygen in the blood and results in a blue-grey skin color, causes
lethargy and/or irritability and can lead to coma or death. 7 I've been unable
to find whether the same risk exists for breastfeeding babies whose mothers
drank contaminated water.
Nitrogen groundwater contamination also contributes to marine "dead

zones". The increase in the water-soluble nitrates creates an influx of plant-
life, which eats up oxygen and starves out fish and crustaceans. This has an
impact not only on the aquatic ecosystem, but on local societies who depend
on food sourced from those areas. 8
And then there is the highly questionable use of raw sewer sludge as a
fertilizer. Yes, you heard me right. In some countries, raw, uncomposted and
untreated human waste is applied directly to crops and soil, a practice
known as "night soil" since it's typically applied at night. The risk of disease
is obvious and high9, 10 and this practice should never be confused with
"humanure", a long, highly involved process of decomposing human waste
into a safe resource.
What We Can Do About It
Knowing and understanding the effects of chemical fertilizers doesn't do us

much good without action on our part. Knowing how to protect our health is
what counts.
 If you're on well-water have your water tested regularly by a reputable

lab.
 Support organic and sustainable agriculture. Know your farm and
your farmer and understand their practices. Learn how to prioritize
organic foods in your budget.
 Take part in safeguarding organic practices and standards.
Visit Organic Consumers for details.
 Learn more about organic fertilizer for your own garden.
 Stay informed, get involved and make a difference in our health.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Self- Check 3.4-7
Discussion/ Essay
1. Agriculture is one of the most vital sector for humanity, however, it is

one of the pollutant source, is the statement true or false. Defend your
answer.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Answer Key 3.4-7
1. Yes, the statement is true but there are plenty of farming technology
that is more environmentally sound. We have to learn adopting this
techmology. For example, the utilization of farm waste as organic
fertilizers, adoptation of sustainable agricultural production and
adoption of organic agriculture.
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
References
AEM Tier II Worksheet, Fertilizer Storage & Handling in the

Greenhouse, Agriculture Environmental Management (AEM)
Agriculture: Laws and Regulations that Apply to Your Agricultural Operation

by Farm Activity, United States Environmental Protection Agency
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan
Date Developed:
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC III
Developed by:
Revision No.
PROGRAM 64
Marlene A. Dinlayan

CBLM Implementing Plant Nutrition Program

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COMPETENNCY- BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Sector : AGRI-FISHERY SECTOR

Qualification Title : AGRICULTURAL CROPS PRODUCTION

Unit of Competency : IMPLEMENT PLANT NUTRITION

Module Title : IMPLEMENTING PLANT NUTRITION

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority-

Welcome to the module in Implementing Plant Nutrition Program. This

The unit of competency “Implement Plant Nutrition Program” contains

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to

How to Use This CBLM .............................................................................. 2-3

TM 1 List of Competencies ............................................................................ 4

Module Content .......................................................................................... 7-8

Learning Outcomes Summary (LO4) .............................................................. 9

Learning Experiences .............................................................................10-11

Information Sheet 3.4-1 Types and Uses of Various Fertilizers .................12-21

Bibliography/ References ............................................................................ 63

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: IMPLEMENT PLANT NUTRITION PROGRAM

MODULE TITLE : IMPLEMENTING PLANT NUTRITION PROGRAM

This unit covers the skills and knowledge required to implement a

NOMINAL DURATION : 44 hours

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this module the students/trainees will be able to:

LO1. Prepare for implementation of the plant nutrition program

7. Soil pH in the implementation site is monitored in relation to plant

1. Types and uses of various fertilizers

The students/trainees must be provided with the following:

• Workplace with commercial agronomic cropping

Learning Activities Special Instruction

Read Information Sheet No. 3.4-3 Soil Types

Answer Self Check 3.4-3

Compare your Self-Check answers to Answer

Perform Task Sheet 3.4-3 identify the different

Compare performance with the criteria

Check answers to Answer Keys 3.4-5 When you are ready,

Answer Self Check 3.4-6 After doing all activities

Answer Self Check 3.4-7

Check answers to Answer Keys 3.4-7

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. Identify the types and uses of various fertilizers.

 Right type of fertilizer

 Due to intensive cultivation of soil and less organic manure

The Essential elements

Criteria of nutrient essentiality:

1. A deficiency of the element makes it impossible for the plant to

FUNCTIONS OF THE 18 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS

CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)

1. They play a dominant role in the process of photosynthesis and

Nitrogen plays a key role in the

Functions of Nitrogen in plants

1. The Nitrogen is mainly involved in Photosynthesis of plants as it is

 It is immobile in plants and exists

 Zinc is having limited mobility in plants

Kinds Organic Fertilizer

1. Farm Yard Manure

Performance Objective: Given the learning outcome on Types and uses

1. Fill-in the answer sheet, write your name and section

Name of the Trainee: ________________________ Date: ______________

During the demonstration, did the trainee.. Yes No

Name of the Trainee: __________ Date:

Name of the Trainee: __________ Date:

Name of the Trainee: __________ Date: