Translated from Indonesian to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.

com
KIDNEY ORGANS DISEASE
- Kidney Function Insufficiency:
- Acute kidney failure (ARF)
- Chronic kidney failure (CKD)
- Nephrolithiasis

- Glomerulonephritis
INSUFICIENCY
KIDNEY FUNCTION
IFG is defined as a level disorder
glomerular filtration (GFR)

ARF is defined as a condition of decreased kidney function

that lasts for a period of several hours to several weeks

IFG CKD is defined as irreversible kidney function in which

the body's ability to maintain metabolic and fluid and
electrolyte balance fails, resulting in uremia.
Pathophysiology
Nephrons hyperfiltrate and hypertrophy causing
progressive kidney damage

Increased pressure on the glomerular capillaries

resulting in capillary damage

Decrease in GFR which causes chronic kidney failure due

to urea that has accumulated in the body
GGA Classification

- Prerenal ARF
Decreased renal blood flow resulting in
decreased GFR
- ARF Renal
Abnormalities that originate in the kidneys and
which suddenly decrease urine output
- Postrenal ARF
Formation of urine is sufficient, but its flow in the
urinary tract is obstructed
CKD Classification

- Stage1: decreased renal reserve, at this stage the serum

creatinine level is normal and the patient is
asymptomatic
- Stage
2: renal insufficiency, where more than 75% of the tissue
has been damaged
- Stage 3: uremia
NEPHROLITHIASIS
Nephrolithiasis is defined as the formation of stones in the kidney

Classification :

1. Calcium stone
2. Uric acid stones
3. struvite stone
4. cystine stone
Pathophysiology
The process of chemical deposition of molecules from dissolved
calcium salts in the urinary tract

Increased calcium excretion and decreased urine volume

Changes in urine pH and infection in the urinary tract

Decreased substances that block urine and

precipitate in the kidneys, crystallize over time
shape like stone
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Glomerulonephritis is defined as inflammation of the glomerulus
caused by the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes

Classification :

1. Congenital/hereditary glomerulonephritis
a. Alport syndrome
b. Congenital nephrotic syndrome
2. Primary glomerulonephritis
a. Membranous glomerulonephritis
b. Minimal lesion glomerulonephritis
c. Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis
Pathophysiology

Injury to the glomerular

Cell destruction and invasion

- Impaired renal blood flow, decreased GFR andthere

is an increase in the filtration membrane. The
result is that some protein can enter the urine. If
that happens, the pressure in the urine filtration
increases so that urine production increases as
well
DISEASE DEVELOPMENT
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- It is estimated that in Indonesia the prevalence of CKD patients
undergoing dialysis is between 476-1150 per one million
population.
- Meanwhile, in developed countries such as the United States,
Japan, Australia and the United Kingdom, the prevalence of
CKD patients undergoing dialysis is between 77-283 per one
million population.
- This difference is caused by differences in criteria,
geography, ethnicity and the health facilities
provided.
REASON
- DM . nephropathy
- Hypertension

- Obstructive uropathy
- Interstitial nephritis
- Urinary tract infection
- Lack of fluids/dehydration
- Frequent urination for long periods of time
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

- Peeing feels less compared to the previous

habit
- Discolored urine, foamy
- Frequent swelling in the feet, wrists and face
- Shortness of breath, tired quickly
- Pain in the back and pain in the waist
- Loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting
DIAGNOSIS
1. Lab examination. blood
2. urine test
3. Cardiovascular examination
4. Radidiagnostics
TREATMENT
- Ifthe cause is known to be the impact of other
diseases, the doctor will give:
- kidney pain reliever
- therapy
- drugs for the treatment of anemia, hypertension or
cholesterol
- While the treatment of chronic kidney failure with
dialysis
PREVENTION
- Hypertension treatment
- Control blood sugar, blood fat and anemia
- Quitting smoking and alcohol
- Increased physical activity
- Weight control
- Healthy eating pattern
- Drink a lot of water
- Don't hold your pee
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
- Medical check up
- Nursing management
- Diet implementation