Polarização Do FET: Objetivos

Polarização do FET
Objetivos
• 6HU FDSD GH UHDOL DU PD DQiOLVH GH FLUF LWRV FRP -)(7 026)(7 H 0(6)(7
• 7RUQDU VH SURILFLHQWH QR VR GH DQiOLVH GH UHWD GH FDUJD SDUD H DPLQDU FLUF LWRV FRP )(7
• HVHQ RO HU FRQILDQoD HP DQiOLVH GH FLUF LWRV FRP )(7V H 7%-V
• (QWHQGHU FRPR VDU D F U D QL HUVDO GH SRODUL DomR GH -)(7 SDUD DQDOLVDU DV iULDV FRQILJ UDo HV GR )(7
7.1 INTRODUÇÃO D i G FRQ R SD D P DQV V R -p P

1R DStW OR HULILFDPRV T H p SRVVt HO REWHU RV D R G FR Q QT DQ R SD D R VVD D i
Qt HLV GH SRODUL DomR SDUD PD FRQILJ UDomR FRP WUDQVLV p P D R G QVmR
WRU GH VLOtFLR FRP R D tOLR GDV HT Do HV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
1R HQWDQWR HP DPERV RV FDVRV D DULi HO FRQWUR
9 , βI H , ≅ , UHODomR HQWUH DV DULi HLV
ODGD QD VDtGD p P DORU GH FRUUHQWH T H WDPEpP GHILQH
GH HQWUDGD H GH VDtGD p UHSUHVHQWDGD SRU β F MR DORU p
LPSRUWDQWHV DORUHV GH WHQVmR GR FLUF LWR GH VDtGD
FRQVLGHUDGR IL R SDUD D DQiOLVH D VHU UHDOL DGD 2 IDWR GH
V UHODo HV JHUDLV T H SRGHP VHU DSOLFDGDV j DQiOLVH
EHWD VHU PD FRQVWDQWH HVWDEHOHFH PD UHODomR Q D HQWUH
GRV DPSOLILFDGRUHV D )(7 VmR
, H, REUDQGR VH R DORU GH , R DORU GH , WDPEpP
GREUD H DVVLP SRU GLDQWH
IG 0A
3DUD R WUDQVLVWRU GH HIHLWR GH FDPSR D UHODomR HQWUH
RV SDUkPHWURV GH HQWUDGD H VDtGD p QmR Q D HP GH
FRUUrQFLD GR WHUPR T DGUiWLFR QD HT DomR GH 6KRFNOH
H ID = IS
5HODo HV OLQHDUHV UHV OWDP HP OLQKDV UHWDV T DQGR VmR
WUDoDGDV HP P JUiILFR GH PD DULi HO V V D R WUD 3DUD RV -)(7V H SDUD RV 026)(7V H 0(6)(7V WLSR
HQT DQWR I Qo HV QmR OLQHDUHV UHV OWDP HP F U DV FRPR GHSOHomR D HT DomR GH 6KRFNOH UHODFLRQD DV DULi HLV GH
DT HODV REWLGDV SDUD D FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD GH P HQWUDGD H VDtGD
-)(7 UHODomR QmR OLQHDU HQWUH , H SRGH FRPSOLFDU
R UDFLRFtQLR PDWHPiWLFR QHFHVViULR j DQiOLVH GH FRQ VGS 2
ILJ UDo HV FRP )(7 8P PpWRGR JUiILFR SRGH OLPLWDU DV ID = IDSS a 1 -
VP
b
VRO o HV D PD SUHFLVmR GH GpFLPRV PDV p R PpWRGR PDLV
UiSLGR SDUD D PDLRULD GRV DPSOLILFDGRUHV D )(7 9LVWR T H
3DUD 026)(7V H 0(6)(7V WLSR LQWHQVLILFDomR D
HVVH PpWRGR FRVW PD VHU R PDLV WLOL DGR D DQiOLVH GHVWH
VHJ LQWH HT DomR p DSOLFi HO
FDStW OR WHUi P IRFR PDLV JUiILFR GR T H PDWHPiWLFR
2 WUD GLIHUHQoD T H H LVWH HQWUH DV DQiOLVHV GR 7%-
ID = k(VGS - VT)2
H GR )(7 p T H
354 Dispositivos eletrônicos e teoria de circuitos
e SDUWLF ODUPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH REVHU DU T H DV FRQILJ UDomR GD )LJ UD LQFO L RV DORUHV

HT Do HV DQWHULRUHV VHU HP DS QDV SD D R DQV V R G H R PDLV RV FDSDFLWRUHV GH DFRSODPHQWR H /HP
I R G FDPSR (ODV QmR P GDUmR SDUD FDGD FRQILJ UD EUDPRV T H RV FDSDFLWRUHV GH DFRSODPHQWR VmR FLUF LWRV
omR GR FLUF LWR GHVGH T H R GLVSRVLWL R RSHUH QD UHJLmR DEHUWRV SDUD D DQiOLVH H EDL DV LPSHGkQFLDV FRQVL
DWL D 2 FLUF LWR DSHQDV GHILQH RV DORUHV GH FRUUHQWH H GH GHUDGDV F UWRV FLUF LWRV SDUD D DQiOLVH 2 UHVLVWRU
WHQVmR DVVRFLDGRV DR SRQWR GH RSHUDomR SRU PHLR GH VH HVWi SUHVHQWH SDUD DVVHJ UDU T H DSDUHoD QD HQWUDGD GR
SUySULR FRQM QWR GH HT Do HV 1D HUGDGH D VRO omR DPSOLILFDGRU )(7 QD DQiOLVH HMD R DStW OR 3DUD
SDUD RV FLUF LWRV FRP )(7 H 7%- p D VRO omR GH HT Do HV D DQiOLVH
VLP OWkQHDV HVWDEHOHFLGDV SHOR GLVSRVLWL R H SHOR FLUF LWR
VRO omR SRGH VHU GHWHUPLQDGD FRP D WLOL DomR GH P , ≅
PpWRGR JUiILFR R PDWHPiWLFR R T H VHUi GHPRQVWUDGR H , 9
QRV SULPHLURV FLUF LWRV D VHUHP DQDOLVDGRV (QWUHWDQWR
FRPR Mi IRL H SOLFDGR R PpWRGR JUiILFR p R PDLV VDGR SDUD T HGD GH HUR ROW DWUD pV GH SHUPLWH V D
FLUF LWRV FRP )(7 H p R PpWRGR HPSUHJDGR QHVWH OL UR V EVWLW LomR SRU P F UWR FLUF LWR HT L DOHQWH FRPR R
V SULPHLUDV VHo HV GHVWH FDStW OR HVWmR OLPLWDGDV T H p PRVWUDGR QD )LJ UD HVSHFLDOPHQWH UHGHVHQKDGR
DRV -)(7V H DR PpWRGR JUiILFR GH DQiOLVH 2 026)(7 SDUD D DQiOLVH
WLSR GHSOHomR VHUi HQWmR H DPLQDGR FRP VH Q PHUR HOH 2 IDWR GH R WHUPLQDO QHJDWL R GD EDWHULD HVWDU FR
DGR GH SRQWRV GH RSHUDomR VHJ LGR SHOR 026)(7 WLSR QHFWDGR GLUHWDPHQWH DR SRWHQFLDO SRVLWL R GH UH HOD
LQWHQVLILFDomR 3RU ILP SUREOHPDV UHODFLRQDGRV D SURMHWRV FODUDPHQWH T H D SRODULGDGH GH p RSRVWD j GH
VHUmR LQ HVWLJDGRV SDUD T H VH HULILT HP RV FRQFHLWRV H DSOLFDomR GD /HL GDV 7HQV HV GH .LUFKKRII QD PDOKD
SURFHGLPHQWRV LQWURG LGRV QR FDStW OR LQGLFDGD QD )LJ UD QR VHQWLGR KRUiULR UHV OWDUi HP
7.2 CONFIGURAÇÃO COM

POLARIZAÇÃO FIXA H VGS = -VGG
2 PDLV VLPSOHV GRV DUUDQMRV GH SRODUL DomR SDUD R
-)(7 GH FDQDO Q p PRVWUDGR QD )LJ UD KDPDGR GH 8PD H T H p PD IRQWH FRQVWDQWH D WHQVmR
FRQILJ UDomR FRP SRODUL DomR IL D HOH p PD GDV SR FDV p IL D GDt D QRWDomR FRQILJ UDomR FRP SRODUL DomR IL D
FRQILJ UDo HV FRP )(7 T H SRGHP VHU VRO FLRQDGDV FRP 2 DORU UHV OWDQWH GD FRUUHQWH GH GUHQR , p DJRUD
D WLOL DomR WDQWR GH P PpWRGR JUiILFR T DQWR GH P Pp FRQWURODGR SHOD HT DomR GH 6KRFNOH
WRGR PDWHPiWLFR PERV RV PpWRGRV VmR LQFO tGRV QHVWD
VGS 2
VHomR SDUD GHPRQVWUDU D GLIHUHQoD HQWUH HOHV H WDPEpP ID = IDSS a 1 -
VP
b
SDUD VDOLHQWDU T H D PHVPD VRO omR SRGH VHU REWLGD SHORV
GRLV PpWRGRV
Figura 7.1 RQILJ UDomR FRP SRODUL DomR IL D Figura 7.2 LUF LWR SDUD D DQiOLVH
Capítulo 7 Polarização do FET 355
9LVWR T H p P DORU IL R SDUD HVVD FRQILJ UD QD )LJ UD T H R DORU T LHVFHQWH GH , p GHWHUPLQDGR

omR V D PDJQLW GH H VLQDO SRGHP VLPSOHVPHQWH VHU V EV SHOR HVERoR GH PD OLQKD KRUL RQWDO GR SRQWR DWp R HL R
WLW tGRV QD HT DomR GH 6KRFNOH SDUD GHWHUPLQDU R DORU HUWLFDO , e LPSRUWDQWH REVHU DU T H PD H T H R FLUF L
GH , (VVH p P GRV SR FRV FDVRV HP T H D VRO omR PD WR GD )LJ UD HVWHMD PRQWDGR H RSHUDQWH RV DORUHV
WHPiWLFD SDUD D FRQILJ UDomR GH P )(7 SRGH VHU GLUHWD GH , H T H SRGHP VHU PHGLGRV FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD
3DUD PD DQiOLVH JUiILFD VHULD QHFHVViULR P JUi VmR RV DORUHV T LHVFHQWHV GHILQLGRV SHOD )LJ UD
ILFR GD HT DomR GH 6KRFNOH FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD WHQVmR GUHQR IRQWH GD VHomR GH VDtGD SRGH VHU
/HPEUDPRV T H D HVFROKD GH UHV OWD HP PD GHWHUPLQDGD DSOLFDQGR VH D /HL GDV 7HQV HV GH .LUFKKRII
FRUUHQWH GH GUHQR GH , T DQGR R JUiILFR GD HT DomR p FRPR VHJ H
WUDoDGR 3DUD D DQiOLVH IHLWD QHVWH FDStW OR RV WUrV SRQWRV
GHILQLGRV SRU , H D LQWHUVHomR Ki SR FR GHVFULWD VHUmR ,
V ILFLHQWHV SDUD R WUDoDGR GD F U D H VDS = VDD - ID RD
1D )LJ UD R DORU IL R GH IRL V SHUSRVWR
FRPR PD UHWD HUWLFDO HP (P T DOT HU SRQWR
GD UHWD HUWLFDO R DORU GH p R DORU GH , GH H /HPEUH VH GH T H RV V EVFULWRV GH PD QLFD OHWUD
VHU VLPSOHVPHQWH GHWHUPLQDGR VREUH HVVD UHWD 2 SRQWR GH LQGLFDP PD WHQVmR PHGLGD HP P SRQWR HP UHODomR DR
LQWHUVHomR GDV G DV F U DV p D VRO omR FRP P SDUD D FRQ WHUUD 3DUD D FRQILJ UDomR GD )LJ UD
ILJ UDomR JHUDOPHQWH FKDPDGR GH SRQ R T VF Q R
SRQ R G RS DomR 2 V EVFULWR VHUi WLOL DGR QD QRWDomR VS = 0 V
GD FRUUHQWH GH GUHQR H QD WHQVmR SRUWD IRQWH T DQGR HVVDV
T DQWLGDGHV UHSUHVHQWDUHP DORUHV QR SRQWR 2EVHU H 8WLOL DQGR PD QRWDomR FRP G SOR V EVFULWR WHPRV
ID (mA) R 9
IDSS H VD = VDS
OpP GLVVR
R 9
IDSS H VG = VGS
4
VP VP 0 VGS IDQ
2
VDD Amperímetro
Figura 7.3 *UiILFR GD HT DomR GH 6KRFNOH
ID (mA)
Dispositivo IDSS
RD
VGSQ
Circuito
Voltímetro
Ponto Q G
(solução) ID
Q
– S
VGG
+
VP VGSQ = –VGG 0 VGS
Figura 7.4 6RO omR SDUD D FRQILJ UDomR FRP SRODUL DomR IL D Figura 7.5 0HGLomR GRV DORUHV T LHVFHQWHV GH ,
e yE LR T H H FRP EDVH QR IDWR GH ID (mA)

T H 9 PDV DV GHG o HV DQWHULRUHV IRUDP LQFO tGDV
IDSS = 10 mA
SDUD HQIDWL DU D UHODomR HQWUH DV QRWDo HV FRP V EVFULWRV G
9
SOR H VLPSOHV 8PD H T H D FRQILJ UDomR QHFHVVLWD GH G DV
8
IRQWHV VH HPSUHJR p OLPLWDGR H SRUWDQWR HOD QmR VHUi
7
LQFO tGD QD OLVWD GH FRQILJ UDo HV FRP )(7 PDLV WLOL DGDV
6
Ponto Q I D = 5,6 mA
Q
5
EXEMPLO 7.1
4
HWHUPLQH RV VHJ LQWHV SDUkPHWURV SDUD R FLUF LWR GD 3 IDSS = 2,5 mA
)LJ UD 2 4
D 1
E ,
–8 –7 – 6 –5 – 4 –3 –2 –1 0 VGS
F VP = –8 V VP
= –4 V VGSQ = –VGG = –2 V
G 2
H
I Figura 7.7 6RO omR JUiILFD SDUD R FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD
Solução:
Método matemático WL DPHQWH R WDPDQKR GD ILJ UD PDV PD VRO omR GH
D –2 V P GR JUiILFR GD )LJ UD p P DORU EDVWDQWH DFHLWi HO
E D 3RUWDQWR –2 V
VGS 2 -2 V 2 E , 5,6 mA
IDQ = IDSS a 1 - b = 10 mAa 1 -
VP -8 V F , = 16 V – (5,6 mA)(2 kΩ)
b
9 9 4,8 V
P P
G 4,8 V
P 5,625 mA
H –2 V
F , = 16 V – (5,625 mA)(2 kΩ)
I 0V
9 9 4,75 V
2V UHV OWDGRV FRQILUPDP FODUDPHQWH T H RV PpWRGRV
G 4,75 V
JUiILFR H PDWHPiWLFR JHUDP UHV OWDGRV EHP SDUHFLGRV
H –2 V
I 0V
Método gráfico F U D UHV OWDQWH GD HT DomR GH 7.3 CONFIGURAÇÃO COM
6KRFNOH H D UHWD HUWLFDO HP 9 VmR IRUQHFLGDV AUTOPOLARIZAÇÃO
QD )LJ UD e FHUWDPHQWH GLItFLO REWHU PD SUHFLVmR
FRQILJ UDomR FRP D WRSRODUL DomR HOLPLQD D QH
DOpP GD VHJ QGD FDVD GHFLPDO VHP D PHQWDU VLJQLILFD
FHVVLGDGH GH WHUPRV G DV IRQWHV WHQVmR GH FRQWUROH
SRUWD IRQWH SDVVD D VHU GHWHUPLQDGD SHOD WHQVmR DWUD pV GR
UHVLVWRU FRORFDGR QR WHUPLQDO GH IRQWH GR -)(7 FRPR
16 V
PRVWUD D )LJ UD
2 kΩ
G I DSS = 10 mA
+ VP = –8 V
VGS
1 MΩ – S
–
2V
+
Figura 7.6 ( HPSOR Figura 7.8 RQILJ UDomR GH -)(7 FRP D WRSRODUL DomR
3DUD D DQiOLVH QR DPHQWH RV FDSDFLWRUHV SRGHP HVHQ RO HQGR D HT DomR T DGUiWLFD DQWHULRU H
VHU V EVWLW tGRV SRU FLUF LWRV DEHUWRV H R UHVLVWRU UHRUJDQL DQGR RV WHUPRV SRGHPRV REWHU PD HT DomR
SRGH VHU V EVWLW tGR SRU P F UWR FLUF LWR HT L DOHQWH FRP R VHJ LQWH IRUPDWR
Mi T H , 2 UHV OWDGR p R FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD
SDUD D LPSRUWDQWH DQiOLVH I2D + K1ID + K2 = 0
FRUUHQWH DWUD pV GH p D FRUUHQWH GH IRQWH ,
PDV , , H HT DomR GR VHJ QGR JUD SRGH HQWmR VHU VRO FLR
, QDGD H R DORU GH , REWLGR
VHT rQFLD DQWHULRU UHSUHVHQWD R PpWRGR PDWHPiWL
3DUD D PDOKD IHFKDGD LQGLFDGD QD )LJ UD WHPRV FR 2 PpWRGR JUiILFR UHT HU T H SULPHLUR VH HVWDEHOHoD D
F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD GR GLVSRVLWL R FRPR D T H DSDUHFH
H QD )LJ UD 9LVWR T H D (T DomR GHILQH PD OLQKD
UHWD QR PHVPR JUiILFR LGHQWLILT HPRV GRLV SRQWRV T H
VGS = -IDRS HVWHMDP QD OLQKD H VLPSOHVPHQWH WUDFHPRV PD UHWD HQWUH
R
HOHV FRQGLomR PDLV yE LD D VHU DSOLFDGD p , Mi T H
2EVHU H QHVVH FDVR T H p I QomR GD FRUUHQWH GH HOD UHV OWD HP , 9 3DUD D (T DomR
VDtGD , H QmR WHP PDLV DPSOLW GH FRQVWDQWH FRPR RFRUULD SRUWDQWR P SRQWR GD UHWD p GHILQLGR SRU , H
SDUD D FRQILJ UDomR FRP SRODUL DomR IL D 9 FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD
(T DomR p GHILQLGD SHOD FRQILJ UDomR GR 2 VHJ QGR SRQWR SDUD D (T DomR UHT HU T H
FLUF LWR H D HT DomR GH 6KRFNOH UHODFLRQD RV SDUkPH VHMD VHOHFLRQDGR P DORU GH R GH , H T H R DORU
WURV GH HQWUDGD H VDtGD GR GLVSRVLWL R V G DV HT Do HV FRUUHVSRQGHQWH GD R WUD DULi HO VHMD GHWHUPLQDGR SHOD
UHODFLRQDP DV PHVPDV G DV DULi HLV , H SHUPLWLQGR (T DomR 2V DORUHV UHV OWDQWHV GH , H GHILQLUmR
PD VRO omR JUiILFD R PDWHPiWLFD R WUR SRQWR GD UHWD H SHUPLWLUmR R VH WUDoDGR 6 SRQKD
VRO omR PDWHPiWLFD SRGH VHU REWLGD VLPSOHVPHQWH PRV SRU H HPSOR T H , VHMD LJ DO j PHWDGH GR Qt HO GH
SRU PHLR GD V EVWLW LomR GD (T DomR QD HT DomR GH VDW UDomR ,VWR p
6KRFNOH FRPR HPRV D VHJ LU
VGS 2 IDSS
ID = IDSS a 1 - ID =
VP 2
b
-ID RS 2 IDSS RS
= IDSS a 1 - (QWmR VGS = -ID RS = -
VP 2
b
ID RS 2
R ID = IDSS a 1 +
VP 2 UHV OWDGR p R VHJ QGR SRQWR QD UHWD WUDoDGD GD
b
)LJ UD OLQKD UHWD GHILQLGD SHOD (T DomR p
IDSS
4
VGS = 0 V, ID = 0 A (VGS = –ID RS)
VP
2
Figura 7.9 QiOLVH GD FRQILJ UDomR FRP Figura 7.10 HILQLomR GH P SRQWR QD UHWD GH
D WRSRODUL DomR D WRSRODUL DomR
ID
IDSS
RD ,
IDSS
2
Ponto Q
ID
Q
RG
VP VGSQ 0 VGS
I R
VGS = _ DSS S
2
Figura 7.11 (VERoR GD UHWD GH D WRSRODUL DomR

Figura 7.12 ( HPSOR
WUDoDGD H R SRQWR T LHVFHQWH p REWLGR QD LQWHUVHomR GD

Solução:
UHWD FRP D F U D FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GR GLVSRVLWL R 2V DORUHV
D WHQVmR SRUWD IRQWH p GHWHUPLQDGD SRU
T LHVFHQWHV GH , H SRGHP HQWmR VHU GHWHUPLQDGRV H
WLOL DGRV SDUD T H VHMDP HQFRQWUDGRV R WURV SDUkPHWURV ,
T H LQWHUHVVDP
2 DORU GH SRGH VHU GHWHUPLQDGR SHOD DSOLFDomR (VFROKHQGR , P REWHPRV
GD /HL GH 7HQV HV GH .LUFKKRII DR FLUF LWR GH VDtGD FRP
R VHJ LQWH UHV OWDGR = – (4 mA)(1 kΩ) = – 4 V
2 UHV OWDGR p R JUiILFR GD )LJ UD FRPR GHILQLGR

H , , SHOR FLUF LWR
6H HVFROKrVVHPRV , P R DORU UHV OWDQWH GH
PDV , ,
VHULD 9 FRPR IRL PRVWUDGR QR PHVPR JUiILFR
H VDS = VDD - ID(RS + RD) (P DPERV RV FDVRV REWHPRV D PHVPD UHWD R T H
GHPRQVWUD FODUDPHQWH T H T DOT HU DORU DSURSULDGR
GH , SRGHUi VHU HVFROKLGR VH HPSUHJDUPRV R DORU
OpP GLVVR
FRUUHVSRQGHQWH GH GHWHUPLQDGR SHOD (T DomR
OpP GLVVR GH HPRV WHU HP PHQWH T H R DORU GH
VS = ID RS
VG = 0 V
ID (mA)
ID = 8 mA, VGS = –8 V
H VD = VDS + VS = VDD - VRD 8
7
ID = 4 mA, VGS = – 4V
6
Circuito
EXEMPLO 7.2 5
HWHUPLQH RV VHJ LQWHV SDUkPHWURV SDUD R FLUF LWR GD 4
)LJ UD 3
D
2
E ,
1 V = 0 V, I = 0 mA
F GS D
G – 8 –7 – 6 – 5 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 1 0 VGS (V)
H
I Figura 7.13 (VERoR GD UHWD GH D WRSRODUL DomR SDUD R
FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD
SRGHULD WHU VLGR HVFROKLGR H R DORU GH , SRGHULD WHU E 1R SRQWR T LHVFHQWH

VLGR GHWHUPLQDGR JUDILFDPHQWH , 2,6 mA
1D HT DomR GH 6KRFNOH VH HVFROKHUPRV F (T DomR
9 HQFRQWUDUHPRV , , P P R ,
T H UHV OWDUi QR JUiILFR GD )LJ UD T H UHSUHVHQWD = 20 V – (2,6 mA)(1 kΩ + 3,3 kΩ)
DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GR GLVSRVLWL R VRO omR p REWLGD 9 9
SHOD VREUHSRVLomR GD F U D FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GR FLUF LWR 8,82 V
GHILQLGD SHOD )LJ UD FRP D F U D FDUDFWHUtVWLFD G (T DomR
GR GLVSRVLWL R GD )LJ UD H SHOD GHWHUPLQDomR GR ,
SRQWR GH LQWHUVHomR HQWUH DPEDV FRPR LQGLFD D )LJ UD = (2,6 mA)(1 kΩ)
2 SRQWR GH RSHUDomR UHV OWDQWH SURG P DORU 2,6 V
T LHVFHQWH GH WHQVmR SRUWD IRQWH GH H (T DomR 0V
I (T DomR
–2,6 V 9 9 11,42 V
R , = 20 V – (2,6 mA)(3,3 kΩ)
11,42 V
EXEMPLO 7.3
HWHUPLQH R SRQWR T LHVFHQWH SDUD R FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD
VH
D 100 Ω.
E = 10 Ω.
Solução:
Dispositivo 7DQWR = 100 Ω quanto = 10 kΩ são mostrados
QD )LJ UD
D 3DUD = 100 Ω:
, ≅ 6,4 mA
H D SDUWLU GD (T DomR
≅ – 0,64 V
E 3DUD = 10 kΩ:
≅ – 4,6 V
H D SDUWLU GD (T DomR
Figura 7.14 (VERoR GD F U D FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GR GLVSRVLWL R , ≅ 0,46 mA
SDUD R -)(7 GD )LJ UD (P SDUWLF ODU REVHU H T H DORUHV PDLV EDL RV GH ID HP
D UHWD GH FDUJD GR FLUF LWR VH DSUR LPDU GR HL R , HQT DQWR
DORUHV FUHVFHQWHV GH DSUR LPDP D UHWD GR HL R
ID (mA)
ID (mA)
8
7 8
6 RS = 100 Ω 7
I D = 4 mA, VGS = – 0,4 V Ponto Q I D >6,4 mA
5 6 Q
4 5
3 4
Ponto Q I D = 2,6 mA RS = 10 kΩ
Q
2 VGS = –4 V, ID = 0,4 mA 3
1 2
Ponto Q 1
– 6 – 5 – 4 – 3 –2 –1 0 VGS (V)
VGSQ = – 2,6 V – 6 – 5 – 4 –3 –2 –1 0 VGS (V)
VGSQ > – 4,6 V
Figura 7.15 HWHUPLQDomR GR SRQWR SDUD R FLUF LWR GD

)LJ UD Figura 7.16 ( HPSOR
7.4 POLARIZAÇÃO POR VDD VDD VDD

DIVISOR DE TENSÃO
SRODUL DomR SRU GL LVRU GH WHQVmR DSOLFDGD DRV RD
R1 R1
DPSOLILFDGRUHV FRP 7%- p DSOLFDGD WDPEpP DRV DPSOLILFD
ID
GRUHV FRP )(7 FRPR GHPRQVWUD D )LJ UD HVWU W UD D
IG ≅ 0 A
EiVLFD p H DWDPHQWH D PHVPD SRUpP D DQiOLVH GH FDGD G
VG
P p EDVWDQWH GLIHUHQWH 3DUD RV DPSOLILFDGRUHV FRP )(7 +
, PDV R DORU GH , SDUD DPSOLILFDGRUHV HPLVVRU + + VGS –S IS
FRP P FRP 7%- SRGH DIHWDU RV DORUHV GH FRUUHQWH H
R2 R2 VG
+
WHQVmR QRV FLUF LWRV GH HQWUDGD H VDtGD /HPEUDPRV T H ,
p R HOR HQWUH RV FLUF LWRV GH HQWUDGD H VDtGD QD FRQILJ UDomR VR S RS
– –
7%- FRP GL LVRU GH WHQVmR H T H F PSUH HVVH PHVPR
–
SDSHO SDUD D FRQILJ UDomR FRP )(7
2 FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD p UHGHVHQKDGR SDUD D (a) (b)
DQiOLVH FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD 2EVHU H T H
WRGRV RV FDSDFLWRUHV LQFO VL H R FDSDFLWRU GH GHV LR Figura 7.18 LUF LWR UHGHVHQKDGR GD )LJ UD SDUD
IRUDP V EVWLW tGRV SRU P FLUF LWR DEHUWR HT L DOHQWH DQiOLVH
QD )LJ UD E OpP GLVVR D IRQWH IRL VHSDUDGD HP
G DV IRQWHV HT L DOHQWHV SDUD SHUPLWLU D GLVWLQomR HQWUH SOLFDQGR D /HL GDV 7HQV HV GH .LUFKKRII QR VHQWLGR
D UHJLmR GH HQWUDGD H GH VDtGD GR FLUF LWR 8PD H T H KRUiULR QD PDOKD LQGLFDGD GD )LJ UD REWHPRV
, D /HL GDV RUUHQWHV GH .LUFKKRII SHUPLWH DILUPDU
T H, , H R FLUF LWR HP VpULH HT L DOHQWH T H DSDUHFH
j HVT HUGD GD ILJ UD SRGH VHU WLOL DGR SDUD GHWHUPLQDU R
H
DORU GH WHQVmR LJ DO j WHQVmR DWUD pV GH SRGH
VHU GHWHUPLQDGD SHOR VR GD UHJUD GR GL LVRU GH WHQVmR H
6 EVWLW LQGR , , WHPRV
GD )LJ UD D FRPR PRVWUDPRV D VHJ LU
VGS = VG - ID RS
R2VDD
VG =
R1 + R2 2 UHV OWDGR p PD HT DomR T H LQFO L DV PHVPDV G DV
DULi HLV GD HT DomR GH 6KRFNOH H, V T DQWLGDGHV
H VmR IL DV SHOD FRQILJ UDomR GR FLUF LWR (T DomR
DLQGD p D HT DomR GH PD UHWD PDV D RULJHP QmR HVWi
PDLV FRQWLGD QHOD 2 SURFHGLPHQWR SDUD WUDoDU D (T DomR
QmR p FRPSOLFDGR H VHUi GHPRQVWUDGR D VHJ LU 8PD H T H
VmR QHFHVViULRV GRLV SRQWRV SDUD GHILQLU PD UHWD WLOL HPRV
R IDWR GH T H HP T DOT HU SRQWR QR HL R KRUL RQWDO GD )LJ UD
D FRUUHQWH , P (QWmR DR VHOHFLRQDUPRV , P
GHFODUDPRV HVVHQFLDOPHQWH T H HVWDPRV HP DOJ P SRQWR GR
D HL R KRUL RQWDO SRVLomR H DWD SRGH VHU GHWHUPLQDGD SHOD
VLPSOHV V EVWLW LomR GH , P QD (T DomR H SHOR
G
FiOF OR GR DORU UHV OWDQWH GH FRPR D VHJ LU
,
S
P
H VGS = VG 0 ID = 0 mA
2 UHV OWDGR HVSHFLILFD T H VHPSUH T H WUDoDUPRV

R JUiILFR GD (T DomR VH HVFROKHUPRV , P
Figura 7.17 RQILJ UDomR GD SRODUL DomR SRU GL LVRU GH R DORU GH SDUD R JUiILFR VHUi ROWV 2 SRQWR T H
WHQVmR DFDEDPRV GH GHWHUPLQDU DSDUHFH QD )LJ UD
IDQ
Ponto Q
VGSQ
Figura 7.19 (VERoR GD HT DomR GR FLUF LWR SDUD D FRQILJ UDomR FRP GL LVRU GH WHQVmR
3DUD R R WUR SRQWR OH HPRV HP FRQWD R IDWR GH T H QD UHJLmR j HVT HUGD GR HL R HUWLFDO GHILQH R SRQWR GH
HP T DOT HU SRQWR GR HL R HUWLFDO 9 H IDoDPRV RSHUDomR H RV DORUHV FRUUHVSRQGHQWHV GH , H
R FiOF OR SDUD REWHU R DORU UHV OWDQWH GH , 9LVWR T H D LQWHUVHomR QR HL R HUWLFDO p GHWHUPLQDGD
SRU , H T H p IL R GH LGR DR FLUF LWR GH HQWUDGD
,
DORUHV FUHVFHQWHV GH UHG HP R DORU GH , QD LQWHUVHomR
9 ,
FRPR PRVWUDGR QD )LJ UD (VVD ILJ UD GHL D FODUR T H
VG D R V F VF Q V G V DP P P QR V D R
ID =
H RS VGS = 0 V VT VF Q V G , P D R V PD V Q JD RV G
`
8PD H GHWHUPLQDGRV RV DORUHV T LHVFHQWHV GH ,

2 UHV OWDGR GHPRQVWUD T H VHPSUH T H WUDoDUPRV R
H D DQiOLVH UHVWDQWH GR FLUF LWR SRGHUi VHU IHLWD GD
JUiILFR GD (T DomR FRP 9 R DORU GH , VHUi
PDQHLUD V DO ,VWR p
GHWHUPLQDGR SHOD (T DomR (VVD LQWHUVHomR WDPEpP
DSDUHFH QD )LJ UD
VDS = VDD - ID(RD + RS)
2V GRLV SRQWRV GHILQLGRV DQWHULRUPHQWH SHUPLWHP R
WUDoDGR GH PD OLQKD UHWD SDUD UHSUHVHQWDU D (T DomR
VD = VDD - ID RD
LQWHUVHomR GD OLQKD UHWD FRP D F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD
Ponto Q
Ponto Q
Valores
crescentes de RS
Figura 7.20 (IHLWR GH QR SRQWR UHV OWDQWH

4 DQGR 9
VS = ID RS
1,82 V
VDD ID = = 1,21 mA
IR1 = IR2 = 1,5 k
R1 + R2
UHWD GH SRODUL DomR UHV OWDQWH p PRVWUDGD QD )LJ UD
EXEMPLO 7.4 FRP RV VHJ LQWHV DORUHV T LHVFHQWHV
HWHUPLQH RV VHJ LQWHV SDUkPHWURV SDUD R FLUF LWR GD
, 2,4 mA
)LJ UD
D , H H –1,8 V
E
F E ,
G = 16 V – (2,4 mA)(2,4 kΩ)
H 10,24 V
Solução:
D 3DUD D F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD VH , , P
ID (mA)
P HQWmR 9 9 F U D UH
8 (IDSS )
V OWDQWH T H UHSUHVHQWD D HT DomR GH 6KRFNOH DSDUHFH
7
QD )LJ UD HT DomR GR FLUF LWR p GHILQLGD SRU
6
R2VDD 5
VG =
R1 + R2 4
(270 k )(16 V) 3
= I D = 2,4 mA
2,1 M + 0,27 M Ponto Q 2 Q
I D = 1,21 mA ( VGS = 0 V)
= 1,82 V 1
H , –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
9 , (1,5 kΩ) (VP) VGSQ = –1,8 V VG = 1,82 V
( I D = 0 mA )
4 DQGR , P
9 )LJ UD
RD ,
R1 ,
D
C1 C2
G
R2
RS , CS
Figura 7.21 ( HPSOR

F , = (2,4 mA)(1,5 kΩ)

3,6 V
G ,
= 16 V – (2,4 mA)(2,4 kΩ + 1,5 kΩ)
6,64 V
R 9 9
6,64 V
H (PERUD UDUDPHQWH VHMD SHGLGD D WHQVmR SRGH
VHU GHWHUPLQDGD GH PDQHLUD P LWR IiFLO WLOL DQGR
9 9
8,42 V
7.5 CONFIGURAÇÃO PORTA-COMUM Figura 7.24 HWHUPLQDomR GD HT DomR GR FLUF LWR SDUD D
FRQILJ UDomR GD )LJ UD
SUy LPD FRQILJ UDomR p DT HOD HP T H R WHUPLQDO
GH SRUWD HVWi OLJDGR DR WHUUD R VLQDO GH HQWUDGD p V DO
PHQWH DSOLFDGR DR WHUPLQDO GH IRQWH H R VLQDO GH VDtGD p
REWLGR QR WHUPLQDO GH GUHQR FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD D H VGS = VSS 0 ID = 0 mA
2 FLUF LWR WDPEpP SRGH VHU GHVHQKDGR FRPR PRVWUD D
)LJ UD E DSOLFDomR GD FRQGLomR 9 QD (T DomR
HT DomR GR FLUF LWR SRGH VHU GHWHUPLQDGD D SDUWLU UHV OWDUi HP
GD )LJ UD
DSOLFDomR GD /HL GDV 7HQV HV GH .LUFKKRII QR ,
VHQWLGR LQGLFDGR QD )LJ UD UHV OWDUi HP
VSS
H ID =
, RS VGS = 0 V
`
H ,
PDV , , UHWD GH FDUJD UHV OWDQWH DSDUHFH QD )LJ UD
HP LQWHUVHomR FRP D F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD SDUD R -)(7
ORJR VGS = VSS - ID RS FRPR PRVWUD D ILJ UD
LQWHUVHomR UHV OWDQWH GHILQH D FRUUHQWH GH RSHUD
DSOLFDomR GD FRQGLomR , P QD (T DomR omR , H D WHQVmR GH RSHUDomR SDUD R FLUF LWR FRPR
UHV OWDUi HP WDPEpP HVWi LQGLFDGR QR FLUF LWR
VDD
ID
RD
C2 I DSS
D Vo VP
C1 C2
G S D
I DSS Vi Vo
VP
S Vi RS G RD
C1
RS
– +
VSS
+ –VDD
VSS
(a) (b)
Figura 7.23 DV HUV HV GD FRQILJ UDomR SRUWD FRP P

ID (mA)
IDSS
RD ,
C2
Ponto Q ID
Q
VSS
ID =
RS
VP 0 C1
VGSQ VSS
( I D = 0 mA ) RS

)LJ UD
Figura 7.26 ( HPSOR

DSOLFDomR GD /HL GDV 7HQV HV GH .LUFKKRII QD
PDOKD T H FRQWpP DV G DV IRQWHV R -)(7 H RV UHVLVWRUHV
H QDV ILJ UDV D H E UHV OWDUi HP D 3DUD D F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD D (T DomR VH
WRUQD ,
, , H ,
3DUD HVVD HT DomR D RULJHP p P SRQWR VREUH D UHWD
6 EVWLW LQGR , , WHPRV GH FDUJD HQT DQWR R R WUR GH H VHU GHWHUPLQDGR HP
P SRQWR DUELWUiULR (VFROKHQGR , P H GHWHU
9 , PLQDQGR WHUHPRV R VHJ LQWH
GH PRGR T H VDS = VDD + VSS - ID(RD + RS) , = – (6 mA)(680 Ω) = – 4,08 V
FRP VD = VDD - ID RD FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD

F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD GR GLVSRVLWL R p WUDoDGD
H VS = - VSS + ID RS VDQGR VH
IDSS 12 mA
ID = = = 3 mA(em VP > 2)
4 4
EXEMPLO 7.5 H ≅ 9 9 HP , ,
HWHUPLQH RV VHJ LQWHV SDUkPHWURV SDUD D FRQILJ UDomR VRO omR UHV OWDQWH p
SRUWD FRP P GD )LJ UD ≅ –2,6 V
D E SDUWLU GD )LJ UD
E , , ≅ 3,8 mA
F F ,
G = 12 V – (3,8 mA)(1,5 kΩ) = 12 V – 5,7 V
H 6,3 V
I G 0V
Solução: H , = (3,8 mA)(680 Ω)
(PERUD QmR HVWHMD SUHVHQWH QHVVD FRQILJ UDomR 2,58 V
SRUWD FRP P DV HT Do HV GHUL DGDV DQWHULRUPHQWH I
DLQGD SRGHP VHU VDGDV SHOD VLPSOHV V EVWLW LomR GH 9 9
9 HP FDGD HT DomR QD T DO HOD DSDUHFH 3,72 V
ID (mA) ID
12 I DSS
Ponto Q IDSS
11
10
9
8
7
6
VGSQ = 0 V reta de carga
5
Ponto Q 4
I D > 3,8 mA
Q
3 0
VP VGS
2
1
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 )LJ UD
VP VGSQ > –2,6 V
Figura 7.27 HWHUPLQDomR GR SRQWR SDUD R FLUF LWR GD IDQ = IDSS

)LJ UD
SOLFDQGR D /HL GDV 7HQV HV GH .LUFKKRII
7.6 CASO ESPECIAL: VGSQ = 0 V ,

8P FLUF LWR GH DORU SUiWLFR UHFRUUHQWH SRU FD VD GH H VDS = VDD - IDRD
V D UHODWL D VLPSOLFLGDGH p D FRQILJ UDomR GD )LJ UD
1RWH T H D OLJDomR GLUHWD GRV WHUPLQDLV GH SRUWD H IRQWH FRP VD = VDS
SDUD R WHUUD UHV OWD HP 9 (OH HVSHFLILFD T H SDUD
T DOT HU FRQGLomR D WHQVmR SRUWD IRQWH GH H VHU LJ DO
H VS = 0 V
D HUR ROW ,VVR UHV OWDUi HP PD UHWD GH FDUJD HUWLFDO
HP 9 FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD
8PD H T H D F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD GH P -)(7 7.7 MOSFETs TIPO DEPLEÇÃO
FU DUi R HL R HUWLFDO HP , D FRUUHQWH GH GUHQR SDUD R
FLUF LWR p IL DGD QHVVH DORU V VHPHOKDQoDV HQWUH DV F U DV GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD GRV
3RUWDQWR -)(7V H GRV 026)(7V WLSR GHSOHomR SHUPLWHP DQiOLVHV
SDUHFLGDV SDUD RV GRLV GLVSRVLWL RV FRP UHODomR j DQiOLVH
SULQFLSDO GLIHUHQoD HQWUH RV GRLV p R IDWR GH T H R
VDD 026)(7 WLSR GHSOHomR DSUHVHQWD SRQWRV GH RSHUDomR FRP
DORUHV SRVLWL RV GH H DORUHV GH , PDLRUHV T H ,
RD
1D HUGDGH SDUD WRGDV DV FRQILJ UDo HV GLVF WLGDV DWp
DT L D DQiOLVH VHUi D PHVPD VH P -)(7 IRU V EVWLW tGR
SRU P 026)(7 WLSR GHSOHomR
D
QLFD SDUWH GD DQiOLVH T H QmR IRL GHILQLGD FRQVLVWH
G I DSS HP FRPR WUDoDU R JUiILFR GD HT DomR GH 6KRFNOH SDUD
+ VP
DORUHV SRVLWL RV GH 3DUD D UHJLmR GH DORUHV SRVLWL
VGS – S RV GH H DORUHV GH , PDLRUHV T H , DWp T H SRQWR
D F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD VH HVWHQGH 3DUD D PDLRULD GDV
VLW Do HV HVVD UHJLmR VHUi UD RD HOPHQWH EHP GHILQLGD
SHORV SDUkPHWURV GR 026)(7 H SHOD UHWD GH SRODUL DomR
UHV OWDQWH GR FLUF LWR OJ QV H HPSORV UH HODUmR R LP
Figura 7.28 RQILJ UDomR GR FDVR HVSHFLDO 9 SDFWR GD P GDQoD GH GLVSRVLWL R VREUH D DQiOLVH UHV OWDQWH
EXEMPLO 7.6
3DUD R 026)(7 WLSR GHSOHomR GH FDQDO Q GD )LJ UD
GHWHUPLQH
D , H
E
Solução:
D 3DUD D F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD P SRQWR QR JUiILFR
p GHILQLGR SRU , , P P H
9 9 RQVLGHUDQGR R DORU
GH H R IDWR GH D HT DomR GH 6KRFNOH GHILQLU PD
F U D T H FUHVFH PDLV UDSLGDPHQWH j PHGLGD T H
VH WRUQD PDLV SRVLWL D P SRQWR QR JUiILFR VHUi Ponto Q ,
GHILQLGR HP 9 V EVWLW LomR QD HT DomR
UHV OWDUi HP
VGS 2
ID = IDSS a1 -
VP ,
b
2
+1 V
= 6 mA a 1 -
-3 V
b
1 2 )LJ UD
= 6 mAa 1 + b = 6 mA (1,778)
3
= 10,67 mA
(VWDEHOHFHU 9 SURG
F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD UHV OWDQWH DSDUHFH QD )LJ UD
3URFHGHQGR GD PDQHLUD GHVFULWD SDUD RV -)(7V VG 1,5 V
ID = = = 2 mA
WHPRV RS 750
(T DomR
2V SRQWRV QR JUiILFR H D UHWD GH SRODUL DomR UHV O
10 M (18 V)
VG = = 1,5 V WDQWH DSDUHFHP QD )LJ UD 2 SRQWR GH RSHUDomR
10 M + 110 M
UHV OWDQWH p GDGR SRU
, 3,1 mA
(T DomR , 9 , (750 Ω)
– 0,8 V
(VWDEHOHFHU , P UHV OWD HP
E (T DomR
9
,
= 18 V – (3,1 mA)(1,8 kΩ + 750 Ω)
≅ 10,1 V
EXEMPLO 7.7
RD , 5HSLWD R ( HPSOR FRP = 150 Ω.
R1 Solução:
C2
D Vo D 2V SRQWRV QR JUiILFR VmR RV PHVPRV SDUD D F U D
GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD 3DUD D
G
Vi UHWD GH SRODUL DomR
C1 , 9 , (150 Ω)
S
(VWDEHOHFHU , P UHV OWD HP
R2
RS 9
(VWDEHOHFHU 9 SURG
VG 1,5 V
ID = = = 10 mA
RS 150
Figura 7.30 ( HPSOR
20 V
RD 6,2 kΩ
C2
D Vo
I DSS = 8 mA
, G
Vi VP = – 8 V
C1 S
RG 1 MΩ RS 2,4 kΩ
Figura 7.33 ( HPSOR

,
Figura 7.32 ( HPSOR H SDUD ! 9 Mi T H 9 HVFROKHUHPRV

9
VGS 2 +2 V 2
UHWD GH SRODUL DomR p LQFO tGD QD )LJ UD H ID = IDSS a 1 - b = 8 mAa 1 -
VP -8 V
b
2EVHU H QHVVH FDVR T H R SRQWR T LHVFHQWH SURG
PD FRUUHQWH GH GUHQR T H H FHGH , FRP P DORU = 12,5 mA
SRVLWL R SDUD 2 UHV OWDGR p
F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD UHV OWDQWH DSDUHFH QD )LJ UD
, 7,6 mA 3DUD D UHWD GH SRODUL DomR GR FLUF LWR HP
+0,35 V 9, P HVFROKD GH 9 UHV OWD HP
E (T DomR
VGS -6 V
, ID = - =- = 2,5 mA
= 18 V – (7,6 mA)(1,8 kΩ + 150 Ω) RS 2,4 k
3,18 V
EXEMPLO 7.8
HWHUPLQH RV SDUkPHWURV D VHJ LU SDUD R FLUF LWR GD
)LJ UD
D , H
E
Solução:
D FRQILJ UDomR FRP D WRSRODUL DomR UHV OWD HP
,
FRPR REWLGR SDUD D FRQILJ UDomR FRP -)(7 HVWD
EHOHFHQGR R IDWR GH T H GH H VHU PHQRU GR T H
HUR ROW 1mR Ki SRU HVVD UD mR QHFHVVLGDGH GH
WUDoDU D F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD SDUD DORUHV SRVLWL RV
GH HPERUD LVVR WHQKD VLGR IHLWR QHVVD RFDVLmR Ponto Q
SDUD FRPSOHWDU D F U D FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GH WUDQVIHUrQ ,

FLD 8P SRQWR QR JUiILFR GD F U D FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GH
WUDQVIHUrQFLD SDUD 9p
IDSS 8 mA ,
ID = = = 2 mA
4 4
H VP -8 V Figura 7.34 HWHUPLQDomR GR SRQWR SDUD R FLUF LWR GD
VGS = = = -4 V
2 2 )LJ UD
2 SRQWR UHV OWDQWH p GDGR SRU 7.8 MOSFETs TIPO INTENSIFICAÇÃO

, 1,7 mA
–4,3 V F U D FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD GR 026)(7
E , WLSR LQWHQVLILFDomR GLIHUH EDVWDQWH GDT HOD REWLGD SDUD R
= 20 V – (1,7 mA)(6,2 kΩ) -)(7 H SDUD RV 026)(7V WLSR GHSOHomR R T H UHV OWD HP
9,46 V PD VRO omR JUiILFD EHP GLIHUHQWH GDT HOD DSUHVHQWDGD
2 H HPSOR D VHJ LU HPSUHJD P SURMHWR T H WDPEpP DWp DT L QWHV GH T DOT HU FRLVD OHPEUDPRV T H SDUD
SRGH VHU DSOLFDGR D WUDQVLVWRUHV -)(7 SULPHLUD R 026)(7 WLSR LQWHQVLILFDomR GH FDQDO Q D FRUUHQWH GH
LVWD HOH SRGH SDUHFHU EDVWDQWH VLPSOLVWD PDV p GUHQR p LJ DO D HUR SDUD DORUHV GH WHQVmR SRUWD IRQWH
FRP P T H FD VH DOJ PD FRQI VmR T DQGR DQD PHQRUHV GR T H R DORU GH OLPLDU 7K FRPR PRVWUD D
OLVDGR SHOD SULPHLUD H HP GHFRUUrQFLD GR SRQWR )LJ UD 3DUD DORUHV GH PDLRUHV GR T H 7K D
HVSHFLDO GH RSHUDomR FRUUHQWH GH GUHQR p GHILQLGD SRU
EXEMPLO 7.9 ID = k(VGS - VGS(Th))2

HWHUPLQH SDUD R FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD
Solução: 9LVWR T H DV IROKDV GH GDGRV JHUDOPHQWH IRUQHFHP D
FRQH mR GLUHWD HQWUH RV WHUPLQDLV GD SRUWD H GD IRQWH WHQVmR GH OLPLDU H P DORU GH FRUUHQWH GH GUHQR , OLJDGR R
H LJH T H , RQ H P DORU FRUUHVSRQGHQWH GH OLJDGR R RQ
VmR GHILQLGRV GRLV SRQWRV LPHGLDWDPHQWH FRPR PRVWUD
9
D )LJ UD 3DUD FRPSOHWDU D F U D D FRQVWDQWH GD
8PD H T H HVWi IL R HP 9 D FRUUHQWH GH GUHQR (T DomR GH H VHU GHWHUPLQDGD D SDUWLU GRV DORUHV
GH H VHU , SRU GHILQLomR (P R WUDV SDOD UDV REWLGRV GDV IROKDV GH GDGRV V EVWLW tGRV QD (T DomR
H UHVRO HQGR SDUD FRPR LQGLFDGR D VHJ LU
0V
H , 10 mA , 7K
, OLJDGR OLJDGR 7K
3RUWDQWR QmR p QHFHVViULR GHVHQKDU D F U D GH WUDQV

IHUrQFLD H ID(ligado)
H k =
(VGS(ligado) -VGS(Th))2
, = 20 V – (10 mA)(1,5 kΩ)
9 9
5V 8PD H T H HVWHMD GHILQLGR SRGHPRV GHWHUPLQDU
R WURV DORUHV GH , SDUD DORUHV VHOHFLRQDGRV GH
ID (mA)
ID2
ID = k(VGS – VGS(Th) )2
ID (ligado)
+
IDSS = 10 mA
VDS ID1
VP = – 4 V
–
VGS(Th) VGS1 VGS2 VGS

ID = 0 mA VGS(ligado)
Figura 7.36 U D FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD GH P

Figura 7.35 ( HPSOR 026)(7 WLSR LQWHQVLILFDomR GH FDQDO Q
1RUPDOPHQWH P SRQWR HQWUH 7K H OLJDGR H R WUR T H FRP D V EVWLW LomR GD (T DomR WUDQVIRUPD VH
P SR FR PDLRU GR T H OLJDGR RIHUHFHP P Q PHUR HP
V ILFLHQWH GH SRQWRV SDUD WUDoDU D (T DomR REVHU H
, H , QD )LJ UD VGS = VDD - IDRD
Configuração de polarização 2 UHV OWDGR p PD HT DomR T H UHODFLRQD , FRP

com realimentação SHUPLWLQGR R WUDoDGR GH DPEDV QR PHVPR FRQM QWR GH HL RV
)LJ UD PRVWUD PD FRQILJ UDomR GH SRODUL 8PD H T H D (T DomR UHSUHVHQWD PD OLQKD UHWD
DomR EDVWDQWH WLOL DGD SDUD RV 026)(7V WLSR LQWHQVL SRGHPRV HPSUHJDU R PHVPR SURFHGLPHQWR GHVFULWR DQWHULRU
ILFDomR 2 UHVLVWRU RIHUHFH P DORU DSURSULDGDPHQWH PHQWH SDUD GHWHUPLQDU RV GRLV SRQWRV T H GHILQHP R WUDoDGR
DOWR GH WHQVmR j SRUWD GR 026)(7 SDUD OLJi OR 8PD QR JUiILFR 6 EVWLW LQGR , P QD (T DomR REWHPRV
H T H, P H 9 R FLUF LWR HT L DOHQWH
WHP D IRUPD PRVWUDGD QD )LJ UD VGS = VDD 0 ID = 0 mA
JRUD H LVWH PD FRQH mR GLUHWD HQWUH GUHQR H SRUWD
R T H UHV OWD HP 6 EVWLW LQGR 9 QD (T DomR REWHPRV
VDD
H VDS = VGS ID =
RD VGS = 0 V
`
3DUD R FLUF LWR GH VDtGD 2V JUiILFRV GHILQLGRV SHODV HT Do HV H DSD

UHFHP QD )LJ UD FRP R SRQWR GH RSHUDomR UHV OWDQWH
,
Ponto Q
RG C2
C1

Figura 7.37 RQILJ UDomR GH SRODUL DomR FRP )LJ UD
UHDOLPHQWDomR
EXEMPLO 7.10
HWHUPLQH , H SDUD R 026)(7 WLSR LQWHQVLILFD
omR GD )LJ UD
Solução:
Gráfico da curva de transferência RLV SRQWRV VmR
GHILQLGRV LPHGLDWDPHQWH FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD
IG = 0 A
5HVRO HQGR SDUD WHPRV
(T DomR
ID(ligado)
k =
(VGS(ligado)-VGS(Th))2
6 mA 6 × 10-3
= = A>V2
(8 V - 3 V)2 25
3
= 0,24 × 10 A , V2
Figura 7.38 (T L DOHQWH GR FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD
VGS = 10 V, ID = 11,76 mA
RD
RG C2
D I D(ligado)
ID(ligado) = 6 mA
C1
G VGS(ligado) = 8V
VGS(Th) = 3 V
S
VGS = 6 V, ID = 2,16 mA
VGS(Th) VGS(ligado)
Figura 7.40 ( HPSOR
Figura 7.41 *UiILFR GD F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD SDUD R

3DUD 9 HQWUH H 9 026)(7 GD )LJ UD
, 9 9
P D
FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD 3DUD 9 P SR FR (T DomR VGS = VDD = 12 V 0 ID = 0 mA
PDLRU GR T H 7K
, 9 9 VDD 12 V
(T DomR ID = = = 6 mA 0 VGS = 0 V
P RD 2k
FRPR WDPEpP p PRVWUDGR QD )LJ UD 2V T DWUR
SRQWRV VmR V ILFLHQWHV SDUD WUDoDU WRGD D F U D QD IDL D UHWD GH SRODUL DomR UHV OWDQWH DSDUHFH QD )LJ UD
GH LQWHUHVVH FRPR LQGLFDGR QHVVD PHVPD ILJ UD 1R SRQWR GH RSHUDomR
, 2,75 mA
Para a reta de polarização do circuito H 9
, FRP 6,4 V
9 , (2 kΩ)
ID = mA
12
11
10
9
8
7
VDD
6
RD
5
4
I D = 2,75 mA 3 Ponto Q
Q
2
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 VGS
(VDD)
VGS = 6,4 V
Q
Figura 7.42 HWHUPLQDomR GR SRQWR SDUD R FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD

Configuração de polarização EXEMPLO 7.11

por divisor de tensão HWHUPLQH , H SDUD R FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD
)LJ UD PRVWUD R WUD FRQILJ UDomR GH SRODUL Solução:
DomR P LWR WLOL DGD SDUD R 026)(7 WLSR LQWHQVLILFDomR Circuito
2 IDWR GH T H , P UHV OWD QD HT DomR D VHJ LU SDUD (T DomR
GHUL DGD GD DSOLFDomR GD UHJUD GR GL LVRU GH WHQVmR
R2VDD (18 M )(40 V)
VG = = = 18 V
R2VDD R1 + R2 22 M + 18 M
VG =
R1 + R2
(T DomR , 9 , (0,82 kΩ)
4 DQGR , P
DSOLFDomR GD /HL GDV 7HQV HV GH .LUFKKRII DR
= 18 V – (0 mA)(0,82 kΩ) = 18 V
ORQJR GD PDOKD LQGLFDGD QD )LJ UD UHV OWD HP
FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD 4 DQGR 9
9 , (0,82 kΩ)
9 , (0,82 kΩ)
H D
R VGS = VG - IDRS 18 V
ID = = 21,95 mA
0,82 k
3DUD D VHomR GH VDtGD
FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD
Dispositivo
H 7K 9 , OLJDGR P FRP OLJDGR 9
(T DomR
R VDS = VDD - ID(RS + RD)
ID(ligado)
k =
9LVWR T H D F U D FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD (VGS(ligado) -VGS(Th))2
UHSUHVHQWD P JUiILFR GH , V V H D (T DomR 3 mA
= = 0,12 × 10-3 A>V2
UHODFLRQD DV PHVPDV G DV DULi HLV DV G DV F U DV SR (10 V - 5 V)2
GHP VHU WUDoDGDV QR PHVPR JUiILFR H D VRO omR SRGH VHU
GHWHUPLQDGD QD LQWHUVHomR 8PD H T H , H VmR H , 7K
FRQKHFLGRV RV GHPDLV SDUkPHWURV GR FLUF LWR FRPR
H SRGHP VHU GHWHUPLQDGRV T H p WUDoDGR QR PHVPR JUiILFR )LJ UD D
)LJ UD
IG = 0 A 2N4351
VGS(Th) = 5 V
ID(ligado) = 3 mA
+ VGS – em VGS(ligado) = 10 V
Figura 7.43 RQILJ UDomR GH SRODUL DomR SRU GL LVRU GH

WHQVmR SDUD P 026)(7 LQWHQVLILFDomR GH FDQDO Q Figura 7.44 ( HPSOR
ID (mA)
30
VG
= 21,95 mA
RS 20
10
I D > 6,7 mA Ponto Q
Q
0 5 10 15 20 25 VGS
VGS (Th) VGSQ = 12,5 V VG = 18 V
Figura 7.45 HWHUPLQDomR GR SRQWR SDUD R FLUF LWR GR ( HPSOR
, ≅ 6,7 mA UHODo HV WLOL DGDV VmR VLPSOHVPHQWH DT HODV T H Mi HPSUH

12,5 V JDPRV HP PDLV GH PD RFDVLmR QmR KD HQGR QHFHVVLGDGH
(T DomR GH GHVHQ RO HU QHQK P PpWRGR QR R GH DQiOLVH
,
= 40 V – (6,7 mA)(0,82 kΩ + 3,0 kΩ) EXEMPLO 7.12
9 9 HWHUPLQH RV Qt HLV H SDUD R FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD
14,4 V
Solução:
7.9 TABELA-RESUMO RP EDVH QDV H SHULrQFLDV DQWHULRUHV SHUFHEHPRV DJRUD
T H p P SDUkPHWUR LPSRUWDQWH SDUD GHWHUPLQDU R
1D 7DEHOD VmR UH LVWRV RV SULQFLSDLV UHV OWDGRV HVFUH HU PD HT DomR SDUD D DQiOLVH GH FLUF LWRV FRP
H GHPRQVWUDGDV DV VHPHOKDQoDV H LVWHQWHV HQWUH DV DERU -)(7 RPR QmR Ki VRO omR yE LD SDUD R DORU GH
GDJHQV SDUD iULDV FRQILJ UDo HV FRP )(7 OpP GLVVR R IRFR SDVVD D VHU D FRQILJ UDomR GR WUDQVLVWRU 1D FRQ
HPRV T H GH PDQHLUD JHUDO D DQiOLVH GDV FRQILJ UDo HV
SDUD RV )(7V p EDVWDQWH VLPSOHV 8PD H HVWDEHOHFLGD
D F U D FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD SRGHPRV GHVHQKDU
D UHWD GH SRODUL DomR GR FLUF LWR H GHWHUPLQDU R SRQWR
QD LQWHUVHomR HQWUH HVVD F U D H D UHWD GH SRODUL DomR GR RD ,
FLUF LWR 3DUD R UHVWDQWH GD DQiOLVH VLPSOHVPHQWH VH DSOL
FDP DV OHLV EiVLFDV GH DQiOLVH GH FLUF LWRV
R1
G
7.10 CIRCUITOS COMBINADOS
–6V
JRUD T H IRL HVWDEHOHFLGD D DQiOLVH GH PD
DULHGDGH GH FRQILJ UDo HV FRP 7%- H )(7 WHPRV D RG
RSRUW QLGDGH GH DQDOLVDU FLUF LWRV FRP RV GRLV WLSRV GH

GLVSRVLWL R ) QGDPHQWDOPHQWH SDUD HVVD DQiOLVH p QH
B
FHVViULR DSHQDV T H VHMD DERUGDGR S P R R GLVSRVLWL R
T H IRUQHFH PD WHQVmR R P DORU GH FRUUHQWH HP P E
WHUPLQDO (QWmR D SRUWD HVWDUi DEHUWD SDUD FDOF ODUPRV R2
RE ,
RV R WURV SDUkPHWURV GH FLUF LWR H QRV FRQFHQWUDUPRV
QDV LQFyJQLWDV UHVWDQWHV RP PHQWH HVVD VLW DomR JHUD
SUREOHPDV LQWHUHVVDQWHV GH LGR DR GHVDILR GH GHVFREULU
PRV R SRQWR GH SDUWLGD H GHSRLV WLOL DUPRV RV UHV OWDGRV
GDV VHo HV DQWHULRUHV H GR DStW OR SDUD GHWHUPLQDU DV
DULi HLV UHOH DQWHV SDUD FDGD GLVSRVLWL R V HT Do HV H Figura 7.46 ( HPSOR
Tabela 7.1 RQILJ UDo HV GH SRODUL DomR SDUD )(7
Tipo Configuração Equações pertinentes Solução gráfica
VDD ID
RD IDSS
JFET com VGSQ = -VGG
polarização fixa RG VDS = VDD - IDRS Ponto Q
VGG –
+ VP VGG 0 VGS
ID
VDD
IDSS
RD
JFET com VGS = -IDRS
I'D
autopolarização VDS = VDD - ID(RD + RS) Ponto Q
RG RS
VP V' 0 VGS
GS
VDD ID
RD
R2VDD IDSS
JFET com R1 VG =
R1 + R2 VG
polarização por
divisor de tensão R2
VGS = VG - IDRS Ponto Q RS
RS
VDS = VDD - ID(RD + RS)
VP 0 VG VGS
VDD ID
RD IDSS
JFET VGS = VSS - IDRS VSS
porta-comum VDS = VDD + VSS - ID(RD + RS) Ponto Q RS
RS
–VSS VP 0 VSS VGS
ID
VDD VGS = -IDRS IDSS
RD
JFET VD = VDD
(RD = 0 ) VS = IDRS I'D
Ponto Q
VDS = VDD - ISRS
VP V'GS 0 VGS
VDD ID
RD Ponto Q IDSS
JFET
VGSQ = 0 V
caso especial VGS = 0 V
IDQ = IDSS Q
(VGSQ = 0 V) RG
VGG
VP 0 VGS
ID
VDD
MOSFET Ponto Q
tipo depleção VGSQ = +VGG IDSS
com polarização fixa RG VDS = VDD - IDRS
RS
(e MESFETs)
VP 0 VGG VGS
ID
MOSFET VDD R2VDD
VG
tipo depleção R1 RD VG = RS Ponto Q
com polarização R1 + R2 IDSS
por divisor de tensão R2 VGS = VG - ISRS

RS
(e MESFETs) VDS = VDD - ID(RD + RS)
VP 0 VG VGS
MOSFET VDD
VDD ID
tipo intensificação RG RD RD
ID(ligado)
com configuração VGS = VDS
Ponto Q
de polarização com VGS = VDD - IDRD
realimentação 0 VGS(Th) V V
(e MESFETs) VGS(ligado)DD GS
MOSFET VDD VG ID
tipo intensificação RD R2VDD RS
R1 VG =
com polarização R1 + R2 Ponto Q
por divisor de tensão R2 RS VGS = VG - IDRS
(e MESFETs) 0 VGS(Th) VG VGS
ILJ UDomR SRU GL LVRU GH WHQVmR D WpFQLFD DSUR LPDGD ID (mA)

SRGH VHU DSOLFDGD βR = 180 × 1,6 kΩ = 288 kΩ > 10
12 I DSS
= 240 kΩ), permitindo a determinação de SRU PHLR
GD UHJUD GR GL LVRU GH WHQVmR SDUD R FLUF LWR GH HQWUDGD 10
3DUD 8
24 k (16 V) 6
VB = = 3,62 V
82 k + 24 k
4
RQVLGHUH R IDWR GH T H 9 UHV OWD HP Ponto Q 2

I D = 1,825 mA
9 9 Q
– 6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0
9 V
= 2,92 VP
VGS ≅ – 3,7 V
VRE VE 2,92 V Q
H IE = = = = 1,825 mA
RE RE 1,6 k
FRP , ≅, P
)LJ UD
3URVVHJ LQGR GHWHUPLQDPRV SDUD HVVD FRQILJ UDomR T H
, , ,
H 9 , (2,7 kΩ) EXEMPLO 7.13
= 16 V – (1,825 mA)(2,7 kΩ) = 16 V – 4,93 V HWHUPLQH SDUD R FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD
11,07 V Solução:
T HVWmR GH FRPR GHWHUPLQDU QmR p WmR yE LD 7DQWR 1HVVH FDVR QmR Ki P PpWRGR yE LR SDUD D GHWHUPL
T DQWR VmR DULi HLV GHVFRQKHFLGDV R T H QRV QDomR GRV DORUHV GH WHQVmR H FRUUHQWH SDUD D FRQIL
LPSHGH GH HVWDEHOHFHU PD UHODomR HQWUH H R GH J UDomR GR WUDQVLVWRU (QWUHWDQWR REVHU DQGR R -)(7
FRP 8P H DPH PDLV GHWDOKDGR GD )LJ UD D WRSRODUL DGR SRGHPRV PRQWDU PD HT DomR SDUD
UH HOD T H VH UHODFLRQD FRP DWUD pV GH V H REWHU R SRQWR T LHVFHQWH UHV OWDQWH SRU PHLR GH
SRQGR T H 9 8PD H T H D GHWHUPLQDomR GH WpFQLFDV JUiILFDV ,VWR p
GHSHQGH GH SRGHPRV GHWHUPLQDU D SDUWLU GH , , (2,4 kΩ)
UHV OWDQGR QD UHWD GH D WRSRODUL DomR GD )LJ UD

T HVWmR T H V UJH DJRUD p FRPR GHWHUPLQDU R DORU
T H HVWDEHOHFH P SRQWR T LHVFHQWH HP
GH D SDUWLU GR DORU T LHVFHQWH GH , 2V GRLV HVWmR
UHODFLRQDGRV SHOD HT DomR GH 6KRFNOH 9
, P
VGSQ 2
IDQ = IDSS a 1 - 3DUD R WUDQVLVWRU
VP
b
, ≅, , P
H SRGH VHU GHWHUPLQDGR PDWHPDWLFDPHQWH UHVRO IC 1 mA
HQGR VH SDUD H V EVWLW LQGR VH DORUHV Q PpULFRV H IB = = = 12,5 mA
b 80
(QWUHWDQWR ROWHPRV SDUD R PpWRGR JUiILFR H WUDEDOKH
PRV VLPSOHVPHQWH QD RUGHP LQ HUVD HPSUHJDGD QDV 9 , (470 kΩ)
VHo HV DQWHULRUHV V FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD = 16 V – (12,5 µA)(470 kΩ) = 16 V – 5,88 V
GR -)(7 VmR HVERoDGDV SULPHLUR FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD 9
2 DORU GH , , , , p HQWmR HVWDEHOHFLGR
H
SRU PD UHWD KRUL RQWDO FRPR PRVWUD D PHVPD ILJ UD
9 9
p HQWmR GHWHUPLQDGD SHOR WUDoDGR GH PD UHWD
9,42 V
HUWLFDO GR SRQWR GH RSHUDomR DWp R HL R KRUL RQWDO
UHV OWDQGR HP
–3,7 V 7.11 PROJETO
2 DORU GH p GDGR SRU 2 SURFHVVR GH SURMHWDU GHSHQGH GD iUHD GH DSOLFD
9 9 omR GR Qt HO GH DPSOLILFDomR GHVHMDGR GD LQWHQVLGDGH
7,32 V GR VLQDO H GDV FRQGLo HV GH RSHUDomR SULPHLUD HWDSD
GD HVFROKD GH DORUHV SDGUmR UDUDPHQWH FD VD SUREOHPDV

QR SURFHVVR GH SURMHWDU
(VVD p DSHQDV PD DOWHUQDWL D SDUD D IDVH GH SURMHWR
RC ,
RB HQ RO HQGR R FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD e SRVVt HO T H
DSHQDV H VHMDP HVSHFLILFDGRV M QWDPHQWH FRP
C
R DORU GH 2 GLVSRVLWL R D VHU HPSUHJDGR SRGH VHU
B HVSHFLILFDGR M QWDPHQWH FRP R DORU GH 3DUHFH OyJL
FR T H R GLVSRVLWL R HVFROKLGR GH D WHU P Pi LPR
PDLRU GR T H R DORU HVSHFLILFDGR FRP PD ERD PDUJHP
D, E
GH VHJ UDQoD
H PRGR JHUDO PD ERD SUiWLFD GH SURMHWR SDUD
G DPSOLILFDGRUHV OLQHDUHV p HVFROKHU SRQWRV GH RSHUDomR
S GLVWDQWHV GR Qt HO GH VDW UDomR , R GD UHJLmR GH FRUWH
9DORUHV GH SUy LPRV D R GH , SUy LPRV
RS , GH , VmR SRQWRV LQWHUHVVDQWHV SDUD LQLFLDU P SURMHWR
e RE LR T H HP WRGR SURMHWR GH HPRV WHU F LGDGR SDUD
QmR OWUDSDVVDU RV DORUHV Pi LPRV GH H , IRUQHFLGRV
SHOD IROKD GH GDGRV
2V H HPSORV D VHJ LU WrP PD RULHQWDomR SDUD SURMH
Figura 7.48 ( HPSOR WR R VtQWHVH QRV T DLV DORUHV HVSHFtILFRV VmR IRUQHFLGRV
H SDUkPHWURV GR FLUF LWR FRPR HWF GH HP
VHU GHWHUPLQDGRV H T DOT HU PDQHLUD D DERUGDJHP p
ID (mA) VRE P LWRV DVSHFWRV RSRVWD jT HOD GHVFULWD HP VHo HV
8 IDSS DQWHULRUHV (P DOJ QV FDVRV EDVWD DSOLFDU D OHL GH 2KP GH
7 IRUPD DGHT DGD (P SDUWLF ODU VH IRU QHFHVViULR FDOF ODU
6 DORUHV GH UHVLVWrQFLD R UHV OWDGR VHUi REWLGR SHOD VLPSOHV
5 DSOLFDomR GD OHL GH 2KP FRPR VHJ H
4
3 VR
Rdesconhecido =
2 1,67 mA IR
1 I D = 1 mA
Q
– 4 –3 –2 –1 0 RQGH H , VmR SDUkPHWURV T H SRGHP VHU HQFRQWUDGRV

VP GLUHWDPHQWH D SDUWLU GRV DORUHV GH WHQVmR H FRUUHQWH HV
VGS = –2,4 V
Q SHFLILFDGRV

)LJ UD
FRVW PD VHU R HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR GRV DORUHV GH RSH

UDomR DSURSULDGRV
3RU H HPSOR VH RV DORUHV GH H , VmR HVSHFL D
ILFDGRV SDUD R FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD SRGHPRV GHWHU G
PLQDU R DORU GH D SDUWLU GR JUiILFR GD F U D GH
WUDQVIHUrQFLD H SRGH VHU GHWHUPLQDGR D SDUWLU GH S
, 6H IRU HVSHFLILFDGR SRGHPRV FDOF ODU R
DORU GH D SDUWLU GH , 2E LDPHQWH
RV DORUHV GH H SRGHP QmR WHU DORUHV GH SDGUmR
FRPHUFLDO R T H WRUQD QHFHVViULR R HPSUHJR GR DORU
FRPHUFLDO PDLV SUy LPR 1R HQWDQWR FRP D WROHUkQFLD
IDL D GH DORUHV QRUPDOPHQWH HVSHFLILFDGD SDUD RV
Figura 7.50 RQILJ UDomR FRP D WRSRODUL DomR D VHU
SDUkPHWURV GH P FLUF LWR D OLJHLUD DULDomR GHFRUUHQWH
SURMHWDGD
EXEMPLO 7.14 2V DORUHV FRPHUFLDLV SDGUmR PDLV SUy LPRV VmR

3DUD R FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD RV DORUHV GH H, = 3,2 kΩ ⇒ 3,3 kΩ
VmR HVSHFLILFDGRV HWHUPLQH RV DORUHV QHFHVViULRV GH = 0,4 kΩ ⇒ 0,39 kΩ
H 4 DLV VmR RV DORUHV FRPHUFLDLV SDGUmR PDLV
SUy LPRV EXEMPLO 7.15
Solução: 3DUD D FRQILJ UDomR FRP SRODUL DomR SRU GL LVRU GH
RQIRUPH GHILQLGR SHOD (T DomR WHQVmR GD )LJ UD VH 9H 9
GHWHUPLQH R DORU GH
VRD VDD - VDQ
RD = = Solução:
IDQ IDQ 2 DORU GH p GHWHUPLQDGR FRPR VHJ H
20 V - 12 V 8V
H = = = 3,2 k 47 k (16 V)
2,5 mA 2,5 mA VG = = 5,44 V
47 k + 91 k
VDD - VD
7UDoDQGR D F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD GD )LJ UD H FRP ID =
RD
GHVHQKDQGR PD UHWD KRUL RQWDO HP , P RE
WHPRV 9 SOLFDQGR , HQFRQWUDPRV 16 V - 12 V
= = 2,22 mA
R DORU GH 1,8 k
-(VGSQ ) -(-1 V) HT DomR SDUD p HQWmR HVFULWD H RV DORUHV FRQKH

RS = = = 0,4 k
IDQ 2,5 mA FLGRV VmR V EVWLW tGRV
,
9 9 P
9 P
20 V 7,44 V
H RS = = 3,35 k
I D = 2,5 mA 2,22 mA
Q
RD
O valor comercial padrão mais próximo é 3,3 kΩ.
VD = 12 V
G
I DSS = 6 mA
VP = – 3 V
S RD ,
R1
RS D
G
S
Figura 7.51 ( HPSOR
R2
RS
ID (mA)
6 IDSS
5
4
Figura 7.53 ( HPSOR
3
I = 2,5 mA
2 DQ
1
–3 –2 –1 0 VGS
VP EXEMPLO 7.16
1
VGS = – 1 V 2V DORUHV GH H , HVSHFLILFDGRV VmR 29 H
Q
, , OLJDGR SDUD R FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD HWHUPLQH
Figura 7.52 HWHUPLQDomR GH SDUD R FLUF LWR GD RV DORUHV GH H
)LJ UD
VDD DORUHV GH FRUUHQWH UDUDPHQWH VmR PHGLGRV SRLV SDUD LVVR

VHULD QHFHVViULR DEULU D HVWU W UD GR FLUF LWR SDUD LQVHULU
RD
R PHGLGRU e FODUR T H PD H REWLGRV RV DORUHV GH
10 MΩ WHQVmR SRGHPRV FDOF ODU RV DORUHV GH FRUUHQWH SHOD OHL
GH 2KP H T DOT HU PRGR SDUD T H D OHLW UD GRV SDUk
VGS(ligado) = 6 V
I D(ligado) = 4 mA
PHWURV QR FLUF LWR VHMD WLO GH HPRV WHU DOJ PD QRomR GR
VGS(Th) = 3 V DORU HVSHUDGR GH WHQVmR R FRUUHQWH 3RUWDQWR SDUD T H
R PpWRGR GH DQiOLVH GH GHIHLWRV WHQKD DOJ PD FKDQFH GH
V FHVVR p QHFHVViULR T H VH FRQKHoDP D RSHUDomR EiVLFD
GR FLUF LWR H DOJ QV Qt HLV HVSHUDGRV GH WHQVmR R FRU
UHQWH 3DUD R DPSOLILFDGRU FRP -)(7 GH FDQDO Q VDEHPRV
SHUIHLWDPHQWH T H R DORU T LHVFHQWH GH p OLPLWDGR D
Figura 7.54 ( HPSOR
9 R PD WHQVmR QHJDWL D 3DUD R FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD
p OLPLWDGR D DORUHV QHJDWL RV QD IDL D GH 9 DWp
Solução: 6H P PHGLGRU IRU HPSUHJDGR FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD
DGRV , , OLJDGR P H OLJDGR 9 SDUD FRP D SRQWD GH SUR D SRVLWL D JHUDOPHQWH HUPHOKD QR
HVVD FRQILJ UDomR WHUPLQDO GH SRUWD H D SRQWD GH SUR D QHJDWL D JHUDOPHQWH
SUHWD QR WHUPLQDO IRQWH D OHLW UD UHV OWDQWH GH HUi VHU
1
29 QHJDWL D H FRP PD DPSOLW GH GH DSHQDV DOJ QV ROWV
4 DOT HU R WUR UHV OWDGR GH H VHU FRQVLGHUDGR V VSHLWR H
1
H 9 29 SUHFLVD VHU LQ HVWLJDGR
GH PDQHLUD T H 12 V 2 DORU GH ILFD QRUPDOPHQWH HQWUH H GH
8PD OHLW UD GH 9 SDUD LQGLFD FODUDPHQWH T H
SOLFDQGR D (T DomR WHPRV R FLUF LWR GH VDtGD HVWi DEHUWR R R -)(7 HVWi LQWHUQD
PHQWH F UWR FLUF LWDGR HQWUH GUHQR H IRQWH 6H p
VRD VDD - VDS VDD - 12 VDD 1
2 VDD ROWV RE LDPHQWH QmR Ki T HGD GH WHQVmR DWUD pV GH
RD = = = =
ID ID(ligado) ID(ligado) ID(ligado) GH LGR j IDOWD GH FRUUHQWH SRU H DV FRQH HV GH HP
6V VHU HULILFDGDV T DQWR j FRQWLQ LGDGH
e RD = = 1,5 k
4 mA
T H p P DORU FRPHUFLDO SDGUmR
7.12 ANÁLISE DE DEFEITOS

4 DQWDV H HV P FLUF LWR p F LGDGRVDPHQWH PRQ
WDGR H QR PRPHQWR HP T H R RSHUDPRV D UHVSRVWD REWLGD
p WRWDOPHQWH LQHVSHUDGD H FRQWUDULD WRGRV RV FiOF ORV
WHyULFRV UHDOL DGRV 2 T H ID HU HQWmR 7UDWD VH GH P vermelho
PD FRQWDWR 8PD OHLW UD HUUDGD GR FyGLJR GH FRUHV GH
P HOHPHQWR UHVLVWL R R P HUUR GH PRQWDJHP +i iULDV
SRVVLELOLGDGHV T H QD PDLRULD GRV FDVRV VmR IU VWUDQWHV
2 PpWRGR GH HULILFDomR GH GHIHLWRV GHVFULWR SHOD SULPHLUD preto
vermelho preto
H QD DQiOLVH GDV FRQILJ UDo HV FRP WUDQVLVWRUHV 7%-
GH H HQ JDU D OLVWD GH SRVVLELOLGDGHV H LVRODU D iUHD GR
SUREOHPD VHJ LQGR P SODQR GH DWDT H GHILQLGR 1RUPDO
PHQWH D HULILFDomR FRPHoD FRP PD QR D FRQIHUrQFLD
GD PRQWDJHP GR FLUF LWR H GDV FRQH HV GRV WHUPLQDLV
(QWmR VmR HULILFDGRV RV DORUHV GH WHQVmR HQWUH WHUPLQDLV Figura 7.55 9HULILFDomR GD RSHUDomR GD FRQILJ UDomR
HVSHFtILFRV H R WHUUD R HQWUH RV WHUPLQDLV GR FLUF LWR 2V FRP D WRSRODUL DomR GR -)(7
6H R DORU GH SDUHFHU LQDSURSULDGR D FRQWLQ L 2 GHVHQ RO LPHQWR GH WpFQLFDV DGHT DGDV GH DQiOLVH
GDGH GR FLUF LWR GH VDtGD SRGHUi IDFLOPHQWH VHU FRQIHULGD GH GHIHLWRV GHSHQGH SULQFLSDOPHQWH GD H SHULrQFLD H GH
SRU PHLR GR DWHUUDPHQWR GD SRQWD GH SUR D QHJDWL D GR VDEHU R T H VH GH H HVSHUDU +i p FODUR VLW Do HV HP T H
ROWtPHWUR H GD PHGLomR GRV DORUHV GH WHQVmR GH RV PRWL RV GH P UHV OWDGR LQGH LGR SDUHFHP GHVDSDUHFHU
SDUD R WHUUD FRP D SRQWD GH SUR D SRVLWL D GR PHGLGRU PLVWHULRVDPHQWH T DQGR VH HULILFD P FLUF LWR 1HVVHV
6H D FRUUHQWH DWUD pV GH SRGH VHU LJ DO D HUR FDVRV QmR SRGHPRV V VSLUDU DOL LDGRV H VLPSOHVPHQWH
PDV Ki FRQWLQ LGDGH HQWUH H 6H R GLVSR FRQWLQ DU D PRQWDJHP FD VD GHVVD VLW DomR LQVWi HO
VLWL R QmR HVWi DEHUWR HQWUH R GUHQR H D IRQWH PDV WDPEpP GH H VHU GHWHUPLQDGD H FRUULJLGD SDUD T H QmR RFRUUD
QmR HVWi OLJDGR (QWUHWDQWR D FRQWLQ LGDGH DWUD pV GH QR DPHQWH H QR PRPHQWR PDLV LQRSRUW QR
HVWi FRQILUPDGD 1HVVH FDVR p SRVVt HO T H KDMD PD
FRQH mR LPSHUIHLWD HQWUH H R WHUUD R T H QmR p IDFLO 7.13 FET DE CANAL p
PHQWH GHWHFWi HO FRQH mR LQWHUQD HQWUH R ILR PHWiOLFR GR
GLVSRVLWL R H R FRQHFWRU GR WHUPLQDO SRGH HVWDU VHSDUDGD Wp DJRUD D DQiOLVH ILFR OLPLWDGD DRV )(7V GH FDQDO
+i R WUDV SRVVLELOLGDGHV FRPR P GLVSRVLWL R FRP P Q 3DUD RV )(7V GH FDQDO S VmR HPSUHJDGDV LPDJHQV HVSH
F UWR GR GUHQR SDUD D IRQWH PDV GH HPRV LQ HVWLJDU WRGDV OKDGDV GD F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD GR GLVSRVLWL R GH FDQDO Q
DV SRVVt HLV FD VDV GR PD I QFLRQDPHQWR H RV VHQWLGRV GDV FRUUHQWHV VmR LQ HUWLGRV FRPR PRVWUD D
FRQWLQ LGDGH GH P FLUF LWR WDPEpP SRGH VHU )LJ UD SDUD RV iULRV WLSRV GH )(7V
HULILFDGD SHOD VLPSOHV PHGLomR GD WHQVmR DWUD pV GH 2EVHU H T H SDUD FDGD FRQILJ UDomR GD )LJ UD
P UHVLVWRU GR FLUF LWR H FHWR SDUD QD FRQILJ UDomR D WHQVmR GD IRQWH GH DOLPHQWDomR p QHJDWL D GUHQDQGR
-)(7 8PD LQGLFDomR GH 9 UH HOD LPHGLDWDPHQWH D FRUUHQWH QR VHQWLGR LQGLFDGR 1RWH HP SDUWLF ODU T H DV
D VrQFLD GH FRUUHQWH DWUD pV GR HOHPHQWR GH LGR D P QRWDo HV GH G SOR V EVFULWR SDUD DV WHQV HV VmR DV PHVPDV
FLUF LWR DEHUWR GHILQLGDV SDUD R GLVSRVLWL R GH FDQDO Q H DVVLP SRU
2 HOHPHQWR PDLV VHQVt HO QDV FRQILJ UDo HV FRP GLDQWH 1HVVH FDVR HQWUHWDQWR p SRVLWL R SRVLWL R R
7%- H -)(7 p R DPSOLILFDGRU HP VL DSOLFDomR GH WHQVmR QHJDWL R SDUD R 026)(7 WLSR GHSOHomR H QHJDWL R
H FHVVL D G UDQWH D IDVH GH PRQWDJHP R GH WHVWH R R VR (P LUW GH GDV VHPHOKDQoDV HQWUH DV DQiOLVHV SDUD RV
GH DORUHV GH UHVLVWRUHV LQFRUUHWRV T H UHV OWHP HP DOWRV GLVSRVLWL RV GH FDQDO Q H GH FDQDO S SRGHPRV DVV PLU P GLV
DORUHV GH FRUUHQWH SRGHP GHVWU LU R GLVSRVLWL R 6H H LVWH SRVLWL R GH FDQDO Q LQ HUWHU D WHQVmR GH IRQWH GH DOLPHQWDomR
G LGD VREUH D FRQGLomR GR DPSOLILFDGRU R PHOKRU WHVWH H UHDOL DU QRUPDOPHQWH WRGD D DQiOLVH SDUD R GLVSRVLWL R GH
SDUD R )(7 p R WUDoDGRU GH F U DV SRLV HOH QmR DSHQDV FDQDO S 4 DQGR RV UHV OWDGRV IRUHP REWLGRV D DPSOLW GH GH
UH HOD VH R GLVSRVLWL R HVWi RSHUDFLRQDO FRPR WDPEpP FDGD DULi HO HVWDUi FRUUHWD PDV RV VHQWLGRV GDV FRUUHQWHV H
DSUHVHQWD V DV IDL DV GH WHQVmR H FRUUHQWH OJ QV LQVWU DV SRODULGDGHV GDV WHQV HV WHUmR GH VHU LQ HUWLGRV 1R HQWDQ
PHQWRV GH WHVWH SRGHP UH HODU VH R GLVSRVLWL R HVWi HP WR R SUy LPR H HPSOR GHPRQVWUDUi T H FRP D H SHULrQFLD
ERP HVWDGR PDV QmR LQIRUPDP VH V D IDL D GH RSHUDomR DF P ODGD GD DQiOLVH SDUD GLVSRVLWL RV GH FDQDO Q D DQiOLVH
IRL EDVWDQWH UHG LGD SDUD GLVSRVLWL RV GH FDQDO S p EDVWDQWH GLUHWD
D
G
S ID Ponto Q
Q
VGS
Q
(a)
Figura 7.56 RQILJ UDo HV SDUD GLVSRVLWL RV GH FDQDO S D -)(7 FRQ Q D

S ID
Q
S Ponto Q
VGS
Q
(b)
G ID
Q - point
Ponto Q Q
S
VGS
Q
(c)
Figura 7.56 E 026)(7 WLSR GHSOHomR F 026)(7 WLSR LQWHQVLILFDomR FRQ Q DomR
EXEMPLO 7.17 Solução:

HWHUPLQH , H SDUD R -)(7 GH FDQDO S GD 7HPRV
)LJ UD
20 k (-20 V)
VG = = -4,55 V
20 k + 68 k
ID
RD , SOLFDQGR D /HL GDV 7HQV HV GH .LUFKKRII REWHPRV
R1 ,
+ H ,
(VFROKHQGR , P HQFRQWUDPRV
VDS
+ 9
VGS – – FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD
R2
(VFROKHQGR 9 REWHPRV
RS ,
VG -4,55 V
ID = - =- = 2,53 mA
RS 1,8 k
Figura 7.57 ( HPSOR WDPEpP PRVWUDGR QD )LJ UD

ID (mA) , ,
H ,
8
= –20 V + (3,4 mA)(2,7 kΩ + 1,8 kΩ)
7
6
9 9
5 – 4,7 V
4
I D = 3,4 mA Ponto Q
Q 7.14 CURVA UNIVERSAL DE
2 POLARIZAÇÃO PARA O JFET
1
8PD H T H R WUDoDGR GD F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD p
– 5 – 4 –3 – 2 – 1 0 1 2 3 4 VGS
VP QHFHVViULR SDUD D VRO omR GH PD FRQILJ UDomR FRP
VGS = 1,4 V -)(7 IRL GHVHQ RO LGD PD F U D QL HUVDO T H SRGH VHU
Q
WLOL DGD SDUD T DOT HU Qt HO GH , H F U D QL HUVDO
SDUD R -)(7 GH FDQDO Q R 026)(7 WLSR GHSOHomR SDUD
Figura 7.58 HWHUPLQDomR GR SRQWR SDUD PD
DORUHV QHJDWL RV GH p PRVWUDGD QD )LJ UD
FRQILJ UDomR FRP -)(7 GD )LJ UD
2EVHU H T H R HL R KRUL RQWDO QmR p H VLP P DORU
QRUPDOL DGR GHILQLGR SRU FRP LQGLFDQGR
T H VRPHQWH D PDJQLW GH GH GH H VHU HPSUHJDGD H
2 SRQWR T LHVFHQWH UHV OWDQWH GD )LJ UD IRUQHFH
QmR R VH VLQDO 3DUD R HL R HUWLFDO D HVFDOD WDPEpP p
, 3,4 mA
QRUPDOL DGD FRP , , 2 UHV OWDGR p T H T DQGR ,
1,4 V
, D UD mR p H T DQGR D UD mR p
3DUD D /HL GDV 7HQV HV GH .LUFKKRII UHV OWD HP
2EVHU H WDPEpP T H D HVFDOD SDUD , , HVWi j HVT HU
ID VP VG G
I DSS m= M= m
RS IDSS VP
1,0 5 1,0 +
0,8 4 0,8
0,6 3 0,6
Curva normalizada
V 2
de ID = I DSS 1 – GS
VP
0,4 2 0,4
0,2 1 0,2
0
–1 – 0,8 – 0,6 – 0,4 – 0,2 0
VGS
VP
Figura 7.59 U D QL HUVDO GH SRODUL DomR SDUD R -)(7

GD H QmR j GLUHLWD FRPR QRV H HUFtFLRV GH , DQWHULRUHV

ID
V G DV HVFDODV DGLFLRQDLV j GLUHLWD QHFHVVLWDP GH PD Q
DSUHVHQWDomR HVFDOD HUWLFDO GHQRPLQDGD P SRGH VHU RD ,

HPSUHJDGD SDUD GHWHUPLQDU D VRO omR QDV FRQILJ UDo HV
FRP SRODUL DomR IL D R WUD HVFDOD FKDPDGD GH p ,
HPSUHJDGD M QWDPHQWH FRP D HVFDOD P SDUD GHWHUPLQDU D
C1 C2
D VRO omR SDUD DV FRQILJ UDo HV SRU GL LVRU GH WHQVmR G
2 WUDoDGR GDV HVFDODV P H p FRQVHT rQFLD GH P GHVHQ +
, VGSQ
RO LPHQWR PDWHPiWLFR T H HQ RO H DV HT Do HV GR FLUF L –S
WR H GDV HVFDODV QRUPDOL DGDV LQWURG LGDV DQWHULRUPHQWH RG
GHVFULomR D VHJ LU QmR VH FRQFHQWUD QR PRWL R GD HVFDOD RS ,
P VH HVWHQGHU GH D HP QHP QR PRWL R
GD HVFDOD VH HVWHQGHU GH D HP PDV VLP
HP FRPR WLOL DU DV HVFDODV UHV OWDQWHV GH PRGR D REWHU
PD VRO omR SDUD DV FRQILJ UDo HV V HT Do HV SDUD P
H VmR DV VHJ LQWHV FRP GHILQLGD SHOD (T DomR
Figura 7.60 ( HPSOR
0 VP 0
m =
IDSS RS
2V DORUHV T LHVFHQWHV GH , H SRGHP HQWmR VHU
VG GHWHUPLQDGRV GD VHJ LQWH PDQHLUD
M = m × , , P 1,08 mA
0 VP 0
H 9 –1,73 V
R2VDD
FRP VG =
R1 + R2 EXEMPLO 7.19
HWHUPLQH RV DORUHV T LHVFHQWHV GH , H SDUD R
FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD
H FHOrQFLD GHVVH PpWRGR HVWi HP QmR KD HU QHFHV
Solução:
VLGDGH GH WUDoDU D F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD SDUD FDGD DQiOLVH
DOF ODQGR P WHPRV
QD PDLRU IDFLOLGDGH SDUD VREUHSRU D UHWD GH SRODUL DomR H QR
IDWR GH T H Ki PHQRV FiOF ORV D VHUHP UHDOL DGRV WLOL
0 VP 0 0 -6 V 0
DomR GRV HL RV P H ILFD PHOKRU GHVFULWD QRV H HPSORV m = = = 0,625
IDSS RS (8 mA)(1,2 k )
T H WLOL DP DV HVFDODV 8PD H HQWHQGLGR FODUDPHQWH R
SURFHGLPHQWR D DQiOLVH SRGH VH WRUQDU EHP UiSLGD H FRP
DOWR JUD GH SUHFLVmR HWHUPLQDQGR REWHPRV
R2VDD (220 k )(18 V)

EXEMPLO 7.18 VG = = = 3,5 V
R1 + R2 910 k + 220 k
HWHUPLQH RV DORUHV T LHVFHQWHV GH , H SDUD R
FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD
Solução: HWHUPLQDQGR WHPRV
DOF ODQGR R DORU GH P REWHPRV
VG 3,5 V
M = m × = 0,625a b = 0,365
0 VP 0 0 -3 V 0 0 VP 0 6V
m = = = 0,31
IDSS RS (6 mA)(1,6 k )
JRUD T H P H VmR FRQKHFLGRV D UHWD GH SRODUL DomR
UHWD GH D WRSRODUL DomR GHILQLGD SRU p WUDoDGD SRGH VHU WUDoDGD QD )LJ UD 2EVHU H T H DSHVDU
GHVHQKDQGR VH PD OLQKD UHWD GD RULJHP DWp P SRQWR GH RV DORUHV GH , H VHUHP GLIHUHQWHV SDUD RV GRLV
GHILQLGR SRU P FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD FLUF LWRV D PHVPD F U D QL HUVDO SRGH VHU HPSUHJD
2 SRQWR UHV OWDQWH GD 3ULPHLUR GHWHUPLQH QR HL R FRPR PRVWUD D
)LJ UD HSRLV GHVHQKH PD UHWD KRUL RQWDO DWp R
ID VGS
= 0,18 H = -0,575 HL R P H QR SRQWR GH LQWHUVHomR DGLFLRQH R DORU GH
IDSS 0 VP 0
P FRPR PRVWUD D ILJ UD 8WLOL DQGR R SRQWR UHV OWDQWH
ID VP VG G
m= M= m
I DSS IDSS RS VP
+
1,0 5 1,0
0,8 4 0,8
0,6 3 0,6
ID Ponto Q (Ex. 6.20)
= 0,53
I DSS
m = 0,625
0,4 2 0,4
0,365
ID 0,2 Ponto Q (Ex. 6.19) 1 0,2

= 0,18
I DSS
m = 0,31
–1,0 –0,8 –0,6 –0,4 –0,2 0
VGS VGS
= –0,575 = –0,26
VP VP
Figura 7.61 U D QL HUVDO SDUD RV H HPSORV H
ID
Q ID VGS
= 0,53 H = -0,26
IDSS 0 VP 0
RD ,
R1
H , , P 4,24 mA
C2 FRP 9 –1,56 V
C1
+ 7.15 APLICAÇÕES PRÁTICAS

VGSQ
–
V DSOLFDo HV DT L GHVFULWDV VH EHQHILFLDP GD DOWD
R2
RS , LPSHGkQFLD GH HQWUDGD GRV WUDQVLVWRUHV GH HIHLWR GH FDPSR
GD LVRODomR T H H LVWH HQWUH RV FLUF LWRV GH SRUWD H GUHQR
H GD UHJLmR OLQHDU GDV F U DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GR -)(7 T H
SHUPLWHP D DSUR LPDomR GR GLVSRVLWL R SRU P HOHPHQWR
UHVLVWL R HQWUH RV WHUPLQDLV GH GUHQR H IRQWH
Figura 7.62 ( HPSOR
Resistor controlado por tensão
(amplificador não inversor)
8PD GDV DSOLFDo HV PDLV FRP QV GR -)(7 p FRPR
QR HL R P H D LQWHUVHomR QR GHVHQKH PD OLQKD UHWD P UHVLVWRU DULi HO F MR DORU GH UHVLVWrQFLD p FRQWURODGR
SDUD LQWHUFHSWDU D F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD H GHILQLU R SHOD WHQVmR DSOLFDGD QR WHUPLQDO GH SRUWD 1D )LJ UD
SRQWR ,VWR p D D UHJLmR OLQHDU GH P WUDQVLVWRU -)(7 IRL FODUDPHQ
WH LQGLFDGD 2EVHU H T H QHVVD UHJLmR WRGDV DV F U DV WrP j WHQVmR GH S QF RII (P JHUDO a região linear de um
LQtFLR QD RULJHP H VHJ HP P WUDoDGR UHODWL DPHQWH UHWR JFET é definida por << Pi e | | << | |
FRQIRUPH D WHQVmR GUHQR IRQWH H D FRUUHQWH GH GUHQR D 3RU PHLR GD OHL GH 2KP SRGHPRV FDOF ODU D UHVLVWrQ
PHQWDP /HPEUH VH GR HQVLQDPHQWR EiVLFR GH VHJ QGR FLD DVVRFLDGD D FDGD F U D GD )LJ UD E WLOL DQGR D
R T DO o gráfico de um resistor fixo nada mais é do que FRUUHQWH T H UHV OWD HP PD WHQVmR GUHQR IRQWH GH 9
uma linha reta com sua origem na interseção dos eixos
1D )LJ UD E D UHJLmR OLQHDU IRL H SDQGLGD VDS 0,4 V
VGS = 0 V: RDS = = = 100
SDUD PD WHQVmR Pi LPD GUHQR IRQWH GH FHUFD GH 9 IDS 4 mA
2EVHU H T H DSHVDU GHVWHV WUHFKRV DSUHVHQWDUHP DOJ PD VDS 0,4 V
VGS = -0,5 V: RDS = = = 160
F U DW UD HOHV SRGHP VHU IDFLOPHQWH DSUR LPDGRV SRU IDS 2,5 mA
OLQKDV UHODWL DPHQWH UHWDV T H WHQKDP RULJHP QD LQWHUVHomR VDS 0,4 V
GRV HL RV H PD LQFOLQDomR GHWHUPLQDGD SHOD WHQVmR VGS = -1 V: RDS = = = 267
IDS 1,5 mA
SRUWD IRQWH /HPEUH VH GDV GLVF VV HV DQWHULRUHV T H para
VDS 0,4 V
um gráfico em que a corrente é o eixo vertical e a VGS = -1,5 V: RDS = = = 444
tensão, o eixo horizontal, quanto maior a inclinação, IDS 0,9 mA
menor a resistência, e, quanto mais horizontal a curva, VDS 0,4 V
VGS = -2 V: RDS = = = 800
maior a resistência 2 UHV OWDGR QDW UDO p T H PD OLQKD IDS 0,5 mA
vertical possui resistência 0 Ω e uma linha horizontal VDS 0,4 V
SRVV L UHVLVWrQFLD LQILQLWD (P 9 D LQFOLQDomR p VGS = -2,5 V: RDS = = = 3,3 k
IDS 0,12 mA
D PDLRU H D UHVLVWrQFLD D PHQRU PHGLGD T H D WHQVmR
SRUWD IRQWH VH WRUQD PDLV QHJDWL D D LQFOLQDomR GLPLQ L
2EVHU H FRPR a resistência dreno-fonte aumenta à
DWp VHU T DVH KRUL RQWDO SUy LPR j WHQVmR GH S QF RII
medida que a tensão porta-fonte se aproxima do valor
e LPSRUWDQWH OHPEUDU T H HVVD UHJLmR HVWi OLPLWDGD
de S II
D DORUHV GH UHODWL DPHQWH SHT HQRV VH FRPSDUDGRV
ID (mA)
5
V
=0
S
VG
4 100 Ω
ID (mA) IDSS = 6 mA
Aumento da resistência RDS
VP = –3 V 5V
6 3 –0,
VGS = 0 V
5 160 Ω
Região linear
4 –0,5 V 2 267 Ω
–1 V
3
444 Ω
–1 V –1,5 V
2 1
800 Ω –2 V
1 –1,5 V
–2 V –2,5 V
–2,5 V
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 VDS (volts) 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 VDS (volts)
3,3 kΩ
(a) (b)
Figura 7.63 U DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH P -)(7 D GHILQLomR GD UHJLmR OLQHDU E H SDQVmR GD UHJLmR OLQHDU
3RGHPRV HULILFDU SHOD (T DomR R UHV OWDGR 100

VGS = -2,5 V: RDS =
REWLGR WLOL DQGR D WHQVmR GH S QF RII GH 9H R -2,5 V 2
Ω em 9 7HPRV a1 -
-3 V
b
Ro 100 = 3,6 k (versus 3,3 k

RDS = 2
= anteriormente)
VGS VGS 2
a1 - a1 -
VP -3 V
b b
(PERUD RV UHV OWDGRV QmR FRLQFLGDP H DWDPHQWH SDUD
100 D PDLRU SDUWH GDV DSOLFDo HV D (T DomR SHUPLWH PD
VGS = - 0,5 V: RDS =
- 0,5 V 2 H FHOHQWH DSUR LPDomR GR DORU UHDO GH UHVLVWrQFLD SDUD
a1 -
-3 V H HPRV WHU HP PHQWH T H os valores possíveis de
b
= 144 (versus 160 entre 0 V e o S II são infinitos R T H UHV OWD

anteriormente) em todos os valores de resistores entre 100 Ω e 3,3 kΩ. De
100 PRGR JHUDO SRUWDQWR HVVD GLVF VVmR p LO VWUDGD SHOD )LJ UD
VGS = -1 V: RDS = D 3DUD 9 R UHV OWDGR VHULD D HT L DOrQFLD
-1 V 2
a1 - GD )LJ UD E SDUD 9 D HT L DOrQFLD GD
-3 V
b
)LJ UD F H DVVLP SRU GLDQWH
= 225 (versus 267 QDOLVHPRV DJRUD R VR GHVVD UHVLVWrQFLD GH GUHQR
anteriormente)
FRQWURODGD SRU WHQVmR QR DPSOLILFDGRU QmR LQ HUVRU GD
100
VGS = -1,5 V: RDS = )LJ UD D o termo não inversor significa que
-1,5 V 2 os sinais de entrada e de saída estão em fase. 1R D
a1 -
-3 V StW OR GLVF WLUHPRV FRP PDLV GHWDOKHV R DPS RS GD
b
= 400 (versus 444 )LJ UD D H V D HT DomR GH JDQKR VHUi GHG LGD QD

anteriormente) 6HomR
100 6H I R JDQKR UHV OWDQWH p LJ DO D FRPR
VGS = -2 V: RDS =
-2 V 2 PRVWUDP RV VLQDLV VHQRLGDLV HP IDVH GD )LJ UD D 1D
a1 - )LJ UD E R UHVLVWRU DULi HO IRL V EVWLW tGR SRU P
-3 V
b
-)(7 GH FDQDO Q 6H I = 3,3 kΩ e o transistor da Figura
= 900 (versus 800
WL HVVH VLGR HPSUHJDGR R JDQKR SRGHULD DULDU GH
anteriormente)
1 + 3,3 kΩ/3,3 kΩ = 2 até 1 + 3,3 kΩ/100 Ω = 34 para
D D
G G para VDS << VDSmáx

RDS = f (VGS) VGS << VP
+ +
VGS VGS
– S – S
(a)
D D
G G
RDS 100 RDS 400
+ –
0V 1,5 V
– S + S
VGS = 0 V VGS = –1,5 V
(b) (c)
Figura 7.64 5HVLVWrQFLD GH GUHQR FRQWURODGD SRU WHQVmR SDUD P -)(7 D HT L DOrQFLD JHUDO E FRP 9
F FRP 9
vi vo
vi 2 mV
1 mV +
Rf (Rf = R1)
vo = (1 + )v
R1 i
– π
Rf
R1
(a)
vi
+
Rf
vo = (1 + R ) vi
DS
Rf
D D
G
+ RDS
VGS
– S S
(b)
Figura 7.65 D RQILJ UDomR QmR LQ HUVRUD SDUD P DPS RS E WLOL DomR GD UHVLVWrQFLD GUHQR IRQWH FRQWURODGD SRU WHQVmR
GH P -)(7 QR DPSOLILFDGRU QmR LQ HUVRU
P DULDQGR GH 9 D 9 UHVSHFWL DPHQWH 1RU GH GUHQR 6H D UHVLVWrQFLD GH GUHQR IRU SDUWH GR IDWRU GH
PDOPHQWH SRUWDQWR R JDQKR GR DPSOLILFDGRU SRGH WHU UHVLVWrQFLD QD HT DomR GH IUHT rQFLD D IUHT rQFLD JHUDGD
T DOT HU DORU HQWUH H SHOR VLPSOHV FRQWUROH GD WHQ SRGHUi VHU HVWDELOL DGD R PDQWLGD
VmR GH SRODUL DomR DSOLFDGD 2 LPSDFWR GHVVH WLSR GH Um dos fatores mais importantes que afetam a
FRQWUROH SRGH VH HVWHQGHU D PD DULHGDGH GH DSOLFDo HV estabilidade de um sistema é a variação de tempera-
3RU H HPSOR VH D WHQVmR GD EDWHULD GH P UiGLR FRPHoD D tura. PHGLGD T H P VLVWHPD VH DT HFH D WHQGrQFLD
FDLU FRP R VR SURORQJDGR R DORU QD SRUWD GR -)(7 QDW UDO p T H R JDQKR D PHQWH R T H FRVW PD SUR RFDU
FRQWURODGRU FDLUi EHP FRPR R DORU GH 8PD T HGD P DT HFLPHQWR PDLRU T H SRGH UHV OWDU HP PD FRQGLomR
HP UHV OWDUi HP P D PHQWR GH JDQKR SDUD R PHVPR FKDPDGD GH GHUL D WpUPLFD (P P VLVWHPD FRP SURMHWR
DORU GH I H R RO PH GH VDtGD GR UiGLR SRGH VHU PDQWLGR DGHT DGR SRGH VHU LQWURG LGR P WHUPLVWRU T H PRGLIL
L HUVRV RVFLODGRUHV FLUF LWRV GHVHQ RO LGRV SDUD JHUDU FDUi R Qt HO GH SRODUL DomR GH P UHVLVWRU -)(7 DULi HO
VLQDLV VHQRLGDLV GH IUHT rQFLDV HVSHFtILFDV WrP P IDWRU FRQWURODGR SRU WHQVmR 6H D UHVLVWrQFLD GR WHUPLVWRU FDLU
GH UHVLVWrQFLD QD HT DomR SDUD D IUHT rQFLD JHUDGD 6H D FRP R D PHQWR GD WHPSHUDW UD R FRQWUROH GH SRODUL DomR
IUHT rQFLD JHUDGD FRPHoDU D VH PRGLILFDU P FLUF LWR GH GR -)(7 SRGHUi ID HU FRP T H D UHVLVWrQFLD GR GUHQR VH
UHDOLPHQWDomR SRGHUi VHU SURMHWDGR SDUD P GDU R DORU PRGLILT H QD HVWU W UD GR DPSOLILFDGRU H UHG D R JDQKR
QD SRUWD GH P -)(7 H FRQVHT HQWHPHQWH V D UHVLVWrQFLD HVWDEHOHFHQGR P HIHLWR GH HT LOtEULR
QWHV GH GHL DUPRV D GLVF VVmR VREUH SUREOHPDV (PERUD DV ILJ UDV D H E WHQKDP PD OLQKD
WpUPLFRV REVHU H T H DOJ PDV HVSHFLILFDo HV GH SURMHWRV GH FRQWUROH UHODWL DPHQWH ORQJD HVWD SRGH VHU GH DSHQDV
QRUPDOPHQWH PLOLWDUHV UHT HUHP T H R VLVWHPD PDLV FRPR PRVWUD R SDLQHO GH FRQWUROH GD )LJ UD F
VHQVt HO D DULDo HV GH WHPSHUDW UD VHMD FRORFDGR HP HP T H WRGRV RV HOHPHQWRV GR DPSOLILFDGRU VH HQFRQWUDP
PD FkPDUD R IRUQR SDUD JDUDQWLU T H VHMD PDQWLGR QR PHVPR FRPSDUWLPHQWR RQVLGHUH SRUpP que basta
HP PD WHPSHUDW UD FRQVWDQWH 3RU H HPSOR P UHVLVWRU 1” para captar ruído de RF R T H WRUQD R FRQWUROH
GH : SRGH VHU FRORFDGR HP P FRPSDUWLPHQWR T H PD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD SRVLWL D HP T DVH WRGRV RV VLVWHPDV
WHQKD P FLUF LWR RVFLODGRU DSHQDV SDUD PDQWHU P Qt HO OpP GLVVR LVWR T H D UHVLVWrQFLD GH FRQWUROH GD )LJ UD
GH DT HFLPHQWR DPELHQWH FRQVWDQWH QD UHJLmR 2 SURMHWR D FRVW PD VHU EDVWDQWH JUDQGH FHQWHQDV GH T LOR
HVWDULD HQWmR FHQWUDGR QHVVD WHPSHUDW UD T H VHULD WmR RKPV HQT DQWR RV UHVLVWRUHV GH FRQWUROH GH WHQVmR GR
DOWD T DQGR FRPSDUDGD jT HOD QRUPDOPHQWH JHUDGD SHORV VLVWHPD GD )LJ UD E VmR QRUPDOPHQWH EDVWDQWH
FRPSRQHQWHV T H DV DULDo HV QRV DORUHV GH WHPSHUDW UD SHT HQRV SR FRV T LOR RKPV R UHVLVWRU GH FRQWUROH GH
GRV HOHPHQWRV SRGHULDP VHU LJQRUDGDV H PD IUHT rQFLD RO PH SDUD R VLVWHPD DEVRU HUi P LWR PDLV U tGR
GH VDtGD HVWi HO SRGHULD VHU JDUDQWLGD GR T H R SURMHWR (VVH IHQ PHQR UHV OWD GR IDWR GH T H
2 WUDV iUHDV GH DSOLFDomR DEUDQJHP T DLVT HU IRU no ar, os sinais de ruído RF têm uma resistência interna
PDV GH FRQWUROH GH RO PH HIHLWRV P VLFDLV PHGLGRUHV muito alta e, por isso, quanto maior a resistência de
DWHQ DGRUHV ILOWURV SURMHWRV GH HVWDELOL DomR HWF 8PD captação, maior será o ruído RF absorvido pelo recep-
DQWDJHP GHVVH WLSR GH HVWDELOL DomR p R IDWR GH T H HOD tor /HPEUH VH GR WHRUHPD GH 7Kp HQLQ VHJ QGR R T DO
H LWD R VR GH UHJ ODGRUHV GH DOWR F VWR HMD R DStW OR SDUD PD Pi LPD WUDQVIHUrQFLD GH SRWrQFLD D UHVLVWrQFLD
HPERUD GH D ILFDU FODUR T H R SURSyVLWR GHVVH WLSR GH FDUJD GH H VH LJ DODU j UHVLVWrQFLD LQWHUQD GD IRQWH
GH PHFDQLVPR GH FRQWUROH p DM VWDU H QmR VHU D IRQWH RPR SRGHPRV REVHU DU R controle CC funciona
SULPiULD GH HVWDELOL DomR com computadores e sistemas de controle remoto SRLV
3DUD R DPSOLILFDGRU QmR LQ HUVRU uma das maiores DPERV RSHUDP IRUD GH Qt HLV IL RV HVSHFtILFRV 3RU
vantagens associadas ao uso de um JFET para controle H HPSOR T DQGR P VLQDO LQIUD HUPHOKR ,5 GR LQJOrV
é o fato de se tratar de um controle CC, e não CA 1D QI D G p HQ LDGR SRU P FRQWUROH UHPRWR SDUD R UHFHS
PDLRULD GRV VLVWHPDV R FRQWUROH UHV OWD QmR DSHQDV WRU GH PD 79 R LGHRFDVVHWH R VLQDO SDVVD SRU PD
HP PD SUREDELOLGDGH PHQRU GH DGLFLRQDU VH U tGR LQ VHT rQFLD FRQWDGRU GHFRGLILFDGRU SDUD GHILQLU P DORU GH
GHVHMi HO QR VLVWHPD PDV WDPEpP p P LWR WLO T DQGR WHQVmR HVSHFtILFR HP PD HVFDGD GH Qt HLV GH WHQVmR
VH GHVHMD FRQWURODU UHPRWDPHQWH 1D )LJ UD D SRU T H SRGHP VHU LQVHULGRV QD SRUWD GR -)(7 4 DQGR VH WUDWD
H HPSOR P SDLQHO GH FRQWUROH UHPRWR FRQWUROD R JDQKR GH FRQWUROH GH RO PH D WHQVmR GH SRUWD SRGH FRQWURODU
GR DPSOLILFDGRU SDUD R DOWR IDODQWH DWUD pV GH PD OLQKD D UHVLVWrQFLD GH GUHQR GH P DPSOLILFDGRU QmR LQ HUVRU
FRQHFWDGD DR UHVLVWRU DULi HO A longa linha saindo FRQWURODQGR R RO PH GR VLVWHPD
do amplificador pode captar facilmente ruídos do
ambiente, gerados em torno dela, por exemplo, por Circuito temporizador
lâmpadas fluorescentes, estações de rádio local, equipa- DOWD LVRODomR H LVWHQWH HQWUH RV FLUF LWRV GH SRUWD H
mentos (inclusive computadores), motores, geradores GUHQR SHUPLWH R SURMHWR GH P WHPSRUL DGRU UHODWL DPHQWH
etc. 2 UHV OWDGR SRGH VHU P VLQDO GH P9 QD OLQKD FRP VLPSOHV FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD 7HPRV PD FKD H QRU
P Qt HO GH U tGR GH P9 PD SpVVLPD UHODomR VLQDO PDOPHQWH DEHUWD 1 T H T DQGR IHFKDGD FD VD P F U
U tGR T H SRGH FRQWULE LU SDUD D GHWHULRUDomR GR VLQDO WR QR FDSDFLWRU H ID FRP T H D WHQVmR HQWUH VH V WHUPLQDLV
LQGR GR PLFURIRQH GH LGR DR JDQKR GR DPSOLILFDGRU FDLD UDSLGDPHQWH D 9 2 FLUF LWR GH FKD HDPHQWR SRGH
1D )LJ UD E PD OLQKD FRQWUROD D WHQVmR GH PDQLS ODU D GHVFDUJD UiSLGD GD WHQVmR QR FDSDFLWRU SRLV
SRUWD GR -)(7 H D UHVLVWrQFLD DULi HO QR DPSOLILFDGRU DV WHQV HV DW DQWHV VmR UHODWL DPHQWH EDL DV H R WHPSR GH
QmR LQ HUVRU LQGD T H D WHQVmR QD OLQKD VHMD GH GHVFDUJD p H WUHPDPHQWH F UWR +i T HP GLJD T H VH WUDWD
DSHQDV 9 PD WHQVmR GH U tGR LQG LGD GH P9 QD GH P SURMHWR P LWR VLPSOLVWD SRUpP VH VR p EDVWDQWH
ORQJD OLQKD UHV OWD HP PD UHODomR VLQDO U tGR EDVWDQWH IUHT HQWH QD SUiWLFD QmR VHQGR FRQVLGHUDGR P FULPH
HOH DGD ID HQGR FRP T H HVWH U tGR SRVVD VHU LJQRUDGR 4 DQGR D HQHUJLD p DSOLFDGD R FDSDFLWRU UHVSRQGH
QR SURFHVVR GH GLVWRUomR (P R WUDV SDOD UDV R U tGR GD FRP V D HT L DOrQFLD GH F UWR FLUF LWR SRLV D tensão no
OLQKD VLPSOHVPHQWH PR HULD OLJHLUDPHQWH R SRQWR GH capacitor não pode mudar instantaneamente RPR UH
RSHUDomR VREUH DV F U DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GR GLVSRVLWL R V OWDGR GLVVR D WHQVmR SRUWD IRQWH GR -)(7 LPHGLDWDPHQWH
H SUDWLFDPHQWH QmR WHULD HIHLWR QHQK P VREUH D UHVLVWrQFLD VH HVWDEHOHFH HP 9 D FRUUHQWH GR GUHQR , VH LJ DOD D ,
GH GUHQR UHV OWDQWH D LVRODomR HQWUH R U tGR QD OLQKD H H D OkPSDGD VH DFHQGH 1R HQWDQWR FRP D FKD H QRUPDO
D UHVSRVWD GR DPSOLILFDGRU VHULD T DVH LGHDO PHQWH QD SRVLomR DEHUWD R FDSDFLWRU SDVVD D FDUUHJDU DWp
+
RF captado (fio longo não blindado) –
CA
Sinal de 2 mV, ruído de 1 mV
100 k Baixa relação sinal/ruído
RF captado Controle de ganho
(alto R)
(a)
+
–
Nível de polarização –2 V CC
VCC Ruído de 1 mV, Alta relação CC/ruído
1k
(b)
Ruído de
RF
6" ou menos de
comprimento
(c)
Figura 7.66 HPRQVWUDomR GRV EHQHItFLRV GR FRQWUROH VLVWHPD FRP D FRQWUROH E FRQWUROH
F DEVRUomR GH U tGR 5)
9 Por causa da alta impedância paralela de entrada VH DFHQGH SRU P SHUtRGR GH WHPSR P LWR F UWR H HQWmR
do JFET, ele não tem basicamente efeito algum sobre VH GHVOLJD 2 VLVWHPD DJRUD HVWi SURQWR SDUD GHVHPSHQKDU
a constante de tempo de carga do capacitor ( HQ V D I QomR GH WHPSRUL DGRU
W DOPHQWH T DQGR R FDSDFLWRU DWLQJH R Qt HO GH S QF RII 4 DQGR D FKD H p IHFKDGD HOD F UWR FLUF LWD R FD
R -)(7 H D OkPSDGD VH GHVOLJDP H PRGR JHUDO SRUpP SDFLWRU R T H HVWDEHOHFH PD WHQVmR GH
T DQGR R VLVWHPD p OLJDGR SHOD SULPHLUD H D OkPSDGD 9 QD SRUWD FRUUHQWH GH GUHQR UHV OWDQWH p , HD
Lâmpada de 8 V
Fechar chave e
soltar quando ,
Figura 7.67 LUF LWR WHPSRUL DGRU -)(7
OkPSDGD VH DFHQGH FRP EULOKR Pi LPR 4 DQGR D FKD H 3RGHPRV QRV SHUJ QWDU SRU T H R 7%- QmR VHULD
p VROWD R FDSDFLWRU LUi VH FDUUHJDU HP GLUHomR D 9H PD ERD DOWHUQDWL D SDUD R -)(7 QD PHVPD DSOLFDomR
H HQW DOPHQWH DR DWLQJLU D WHQVmR GH S QF RII R -)(7 H 3ULPHLUR D UHVLVWrQFLD GR 7%- SRGH VHU DSHQDV GH DOJ QV
D OkPSDGD VH GHVOLJDP 2 SHUtRGR HP T H D OkPSDGD ILFD T LOR RKPV ,VVR DIHWDULD QmR DSHQDV D FRQVWDQWH GH WHPSR
DFHVD p GHWHUPLQDGR SHOD FRQVWDQWH GH WHPSR GR FLUF LWR GH GR FLUF LWR GH FDUJD FRPR WDPEpP D WHQVmR Pi LPD T H R
FDUJD GHWHUPLQDGR SRU τ H SHOR DORU GD WHQVmR FDSDFLWRU SRGHULD VH FDUUHJDU %DVWD GHVHQKDU P FLUF LWR
GH S QF RII 4 DQWR PDLV QHJDWL D D WHQVmR GH S QF RII HT L DOHQWH V EVWLW LQGR R WUDQVLVWRU SRU P UHVLVWRU GH
PDLV WHPSR D OkPSDGD SHUPDQHFH DFHVD 2 UHVLVWRU p 1 kΩ, e este conceito fica bastante claro. Além disso,
LQFO tGR SDUD DVVHJ UDU T H Ki UHVLVWrQFLD QR FLUF LWR GH DV WHQV HV GH FRQWUROH GH HP VHU SURMHWDGDV FRP PDLRU
FDUJD T DQGR VH OLJD D IRQWH GH DOLPHQWDomR R FRQWUiULR F LGDGR SRLV R WUDQVLVWRU 7%- OLJD FRP FHUFD GH 9
SRGHULD KD HU PD FRUUHQWH P LWR LQWHQVD T H GDQLILFDULD
DULDomR GH WHQVmR GR HVWDGR OLJDGR SDUD R GHVOLJDGR
R FLUF LWR 2 UHVLVWRU p DULi HO H SRU LVVR R WHPSR
p GH DSHQDV 9 H QmR 9 FRPR SDUD D FRQILJ UDomR
GD OkPSDGD DFHVD SRGH VHU FRQWURODGR 2 UHVLVWRU IRL
-)(7 8PD REVHU DomR ILQDO SRGHPRV QRWDU D D VrQFLD
DFUHVFHQWDGR SDUD OLPLWDU D FRUUHQWH GH GHVFDUJD T DQGR
GH P UHVLVWRU HP VpULH QR FLUF LWR GR GUHQR QD VLW DomR
D FKD H p IHFKDGD 4 DQGR D FKD H DWUD pV GR FDSDFLWRU p
HP T H D OkPSDGD p DFHVD SHOD SULPHLUD H H V D UHVLV
IHFKDGD R WHPSR GH GHVFDUJD GHOH ILFD UHVWULWR D τ
= 5 (1 kΩ)(33 μ) μV PV V (P WrQFLD p EDVWDQWH EDL D FRUUHQWH UHV OWDQWH SRGH VHU DOWD
UHV PR SRUWDQWR T DQGR D FKD H p SUHVVLRQDGD H VROWD D R V ILFLHQWH SDUD DWLQJLU R DORU Pi LPR V SRUWDGR SHOD
OkPSDGD VH DFHQGH FRP EULOKR Pi LPR H FRP R SDVVDU GR OkPSDGD 1R HQWDQWR FRPR Mi IRL GHVFULWR QR FDVR GD
WHPSR WRUQD VH PDLV IUDFD DWp VH GHVOLJDU DSyV P SHUtRGR FKD H QR FDSDFLWRU VH RV Qt HLV GH HQHUJLD IRUHP EDL RV
GH WHPSR GHWHUPLQDGR SHOD FRQVWDQWH GH WHPSR GR FLUF LWR H D G UDomR GHVVD VLW DomR WUDQVLWyULD DG HUVD IRU PtQLPD
8PD GDV DSOLFDo HV PDLV yE LDV GR VLVWHPD WHP HVVH WLSR GH SURMHWR p DFHLWi HO DVR DLQGD H LVWD DOJ PD
SRUL DGRU RFRUUH HP P FRUUHGRU HP T H D SUHVHQoD GH preocupação, um resistor de 0,1 a 1 Ω inserido em série
O p GHVHMDGD G UDQWH P SHUtRGR GH WHPSR R V ILFLHQWH FRP D OkPSDGD JDUDQWLULD FHUWD VHJ UDQoD
SDUD T H D SDVVDJHP VHMD IHLWD FRP VHJ UDQoD SDUD T H
ORJR GHSRLV HOD VHMD GHVOLJDGD D WRPDWLFDPHQWH 4 DQGR Sistemas de fibra óptica
HQWUDPRV R VDtPRV GH P FDUUR p LQWHUHVVDQWH WHU PD LQWURG omR GD WHFQRORJLD GH ILEUD ySWLFD WH H JUDQ
O OLJDGD SRU DOJ QV VHJ QGRV VHP WHUPRV T H QRV SUHR GH LPSDFWR QD LQG VWULD GD FRP QLFDomR FDSDFLGDGH GH
F SDU HP GHVOLJi OD ( LVWHP LQ PHUDV SRVVLELOLGDGHV WUDQVSRUWH GH LQIRUPDo HV GR FDER GH ILEUD ySWLFD p P LWR
SDUD P FLUF LWR WHPSRUL DGRU FRPR DV T H DFDEDPRV GH PDLRU GR T H D GRV PpWRGRV FRQ HQFLRQDLV GH SDUHV GH
GHVFUH HU 3RGHPRV SHQVDU HP PD OLVWD LQWHUPLQi HO GH ILRV OpP GLVVR D HVSHVV UD GR FDER p UHG LGD H R F VWR
VLVWHPDV HOpWULFRV H HOHWU QLFRV T H SRGHP ILFDU OLJDGRV p PHQRU D LQWHUIHUrQFLD T H RFRUUH GH LGR DRV HIHLWRV
SRU SHUtRGRV GHWHUPLQDGRV GH WHPSR HOHWURPDJQpWLFRV HQWUH RV FRQG WRUHV GH WUDQVSRUWH GH
FRUUHQWH p HOLPLQDGD DVVLP FRPR FDSWDomR GH U tGRV T H + ,VVR HVWi LPHGLDWDPHQWH DEDL R GR HVSHFWUR
RFRUUH GH LGR D IDWRUHV H WHUQRV FRPR UHOkPSDJRV GH O LVt HO D T DO VH HVWHQGH GH + D
LQG VWULD GH ILEUD ySWLFD VH EDVHLD QR IDWR GH T H + 1D PDLRULD GRV VLVWHPDV ySWLFRV D IDL D GH IUH
D LQIRUPDomR SRGH VHU WUDQVPLWLGD HP P IHL H GH O T rQFLD WLOL DGD DL GH + D +
SHVDU GH D HORFLGDGH GD O QR HVSDoR OL UH VHU GH H LGR jV IUHT rQFLDV P LWR DOWDV FDGD SRUWDGRUD SRGH
PHWURV SRU VHJ QGR R DSUR LPDGDPHQWH PLOKDV VHU PRG ODGD SRU FHQWHQDV R PLOKDUHV GH FDQDLV GH R
SRU VHJ QGR V D HORFLGDGH VHUi UHG LGD DR HQFRQWUDU VLP OWDQHDPHQWH OpP GLVVR SRGHPRV REWHU PD WUDQV
R WURV PHLRV R T H UHV OWD HP UHIOH mR H UHIUDomR 6HULD PLVVmR GH HORFLGDGH P LWR DOWD SRU FRPS WDGRU DSHVDU
GH VH HVSHUDU T H T DQGR D LQIRUPDomR HP IRUPD GH O GH VHU QHFHVViULR T H RV FRPSRQHQWHV HOHWU QLFRV GRV
SDVVDVVH SRU P FDER GH ILEUD ySWLFD D O DWUD HVVDULD DV PRG ODGRUHV FRQVLJDP WDPEpP RSHUDU DGHT DGDPHQWH QD
SDUHGHV GR FDER (QWUHWDQWR R kQJ OR QR T DO D O p LQMH PHVPD IUHT rQFLD 3DUD GLVWkQFLDV V SHULRUHV D PLOKDV
WDGD QR FDER VH UH HOD I QGDPHQWDO DVVLP FRPR R SURMHWR Qi WLFDV GH HPRV WLOL DU UHSHWLGRUHV PD FRPELQDomR GH
GR FDER 1D )LJ UD RV HOHPHQWRV EiVLFRV GH P FDER UHFHSWRU DPSOLILFDGRU H WUDQVPLVVRU R T H WRUQD QHFHV
GH ILEUD ySWLFD VmR GHILQLGRV 2 Q FOHR GH LGUR R SOiVWLFR ViULR P FRQG WRU HOpWULFR DGLFLRQDO QR FDER T H FRQG D
GR FDER SRGH WHU PD HVSHVV UD GH μP DOJR SUy LPR D PD FRUUHQWH GH FHUFD GH D 9
GR GLkPHWUR GH P ILR GH FDEHOR 2 Q FOHR p HQ RO )LJ UD LO VWUD RV FRPSRQHQWHV EiVLFRV GH P
LGR SRU PD FDPDGD H WHUQD FKDPDGD GH V P QR VLVWHPD ySWLFR GH FRP QLFDomR 2 VLQDO GH HQWUDGD p DSOL
WDPEpP IHLWR GH SOiVWLFR R LGUR PDV T H WHP P tQGLFH FDGR D P PRG ODGRU GH O F MD QLFD I QomR p FRQ HUWHU
GH UHIUDomR GLIHUHQWH SDUD JDUDQWLU T H D O GR Q FOHR T H R VLQDO GH HQWUDGD HP P GRV Qt HLV FRUUHVSRQGHQWHV GH
DWLQJLU D FDPDGD H WHUQD VHMD UHIOHWLGD H UHWRUQH SDUD HOH LQWHQVLGDGH GH O SDUD VHU GLUHFLRQDGR GH DFRUGR FRP
8PD FDSD SURWHWRUD p HQWmR DFUHVFHQWDGD SDUD SURWHJHU DV R FRPSULPHQWR GR FDER GH ILEUD ySWLFD LQIRUPDomR
FDPDGDV LQWHUQDV GH SRVVt HLV DJHQWHV H WHUQRV VHJ H HQWmR SHOR FDER DWp D HVWDomR UHFHSWRUD RQGH P
PDLRULD GRV VLVWHPDV ySWLFRV WUDEDOKD QD IDL D GH GHPRG ODGRU GH O FRQ HUWHUi D LQWHQVLGDGH DULi HO GH
IUHT rQFLD LQIUD HUPHOKD T H VH HVWHQGH GH + D O HP Qt HLV GH WHQVmR LJ DLV DRV GR VLQDO RULJLQDO
)LJ UD D PRVWUD P HT L DOHQWH HOHWU QLFR GD
WUDQVPLVVmR GH LQIRUPDo HV GH FRPS WDGRU 77/ OyJLFD
WUDQVLVWRU WUDQVLVWRU RP R FRQWUROH QDE KDELOLWDU QR
Revestimento
HVWDGR OLJDGR R D LQIRUPDomR 77/ QD HQWUDGD GD SRUWD
(vidro ou plástico) 1 DWLQJH R WHUPLQDO GH SRUWD GR -)(7 2 SURMHWR p GHVHQ
RO LGR GH PRGR T H RV Qt HLV GLVFUHWRV GH WHQVmR DVVRFLDGRV
j OyJLFD 77/ OLJDUmR H GHVOLJDUmR R -)(7 WDO H 9 H 9
Capa protetora UHVSHFWL DPHQWH SDUD P -)(7 FRP 9 V DULDo HV
UHV OWDQWHV QRV DORUHV GH FRUUHQWH FKHJDP HP GRLV DORUHV
GLVWLQWRV GH LQWHQVLGDGH GH O QR /( 6HomR QR FLU
Núcleo (vidro ou plástico) F LWR GR GUHQR O HPLWLGD p HQWmR GLUHFLRQDGD DWUD pV
GR FDER DWp D HVWDomR UHFHSWRUD RQGH P IRWRGLRGR 6HomR
UHDJLUi j O LQFLGHQWH H SHUPLWLUi T H GLIHUHQWHV DORUHV
Figura 7.68 (OHPHQWRV EiVLFRV GH P FDER GH ILEUD ySWLFD GH FRUUHQWH SDVVHP GH DFRUGR FRP R HVWDEHOHFLGR SRU H
Cada seção da conexão de fibra óptica transatlântica

Modulador possui cerca de 53 quilômetros de extensão
Sinal de de luz (a distância entre os regeneradores)
entrada
[voz, vídeo (TV), dados etc.]
Cabo de fibra óptica

Demodulador
de luz Sinal
de saída
Figura 7.69 RPSRQHQWHV EiVLFRV GH P VLVWHPD GH FRP QLFDomR ySWLFD

VDD1
RD1
V VDD2
V
Enable Porta AND
Cabo de fibra óptica RD2
R
vo
Dados
TTL CC
C
+
vgs
–
Imodulado
Fotodiodo
ou
Corrente reversa
fototransistor
modulada
(a)
– +
Im R vs vgs = –vs
+ –
(b)
Figura 7.70 DQDO GH FRP QLFDomR GH ILEUD ySWLFD 77/ D SURMHWR -)(7 E WUDQVPLVVmR GR VLQDO JHUDGR QR IRWRGLRGR
FRUUHQWH GH IRWRGLRGRV p PD FRUUHQWH UH HUVD F MR VHQWLGR p R WHUPR D D DQF HP GR UiSLGR SURFHVVR GH LRQL DomR
LQGLFDGR QD )LJ UD D PDV QR FLUF LWR HT L DOHQWH R T H RFRUUH G UDQWH D RSHUDomR
IRWRGLRGR H R UHVLVWRU HVWmR HP SDUDOHOR FRPR PRVWUD D )L H PRGR JHUDO R -)(7 p H FHOHQWH SDUD HVVD DSOLFDomR
J UD E HVWDEHOHFHQGR R VLQDO GHVHMDGR FRP D SRODULGDGH SRU FRQWD GH V D DOWD LVRODomR GR ODGR GD HQWUDGD H GH V D
LQGLFDGD QD SRUWD GR -)(7 2 FDSDFLWRU p VLPSOHVPHQWH P FDSDFLGDGH GH SDVVDU UDSLGDPHQWH GH P HVWDGR SDUD R WUR
FLUF LWR DEHUWR SDUD LVRODQGR D HVWU W UD GH SRODUL DomR GR HP I QomR GD HQWUDGD 77/ 1R ODGR GD VDtGD D LVRODomR LP
IRWRGLRGR GR -)(7 H P F UWR FLUF LWR FRPR PRVWUDGR SDUD SHGH T H T DOT HU HIHLWR GR FLUF LWR VHQVRU GR GHPRG ODGRU
R VLQDO V 2 VLQDO GH HQWUDGD VHUi DPSOLILFDGR H DSDUHFHUi QR DIHWH D UHVSRVWD H ID FRP T H KDMD P JDQKR HP VLQDO
WHUPLQDO GR GUHQR GR -)(7 QD VDtGD DQWHV GH HOH VHU SDVVDGR SDUD R SUy LPR HVWiJLR
RPR Mi IRL PHQFLRQDGR WRGRV RV HOHPHQWRV GR
SURMHWR LQFO LQGR RV -)(7V R /( R IRWRGLRGR RV FD Acionador de relé com MOSFET
SDFLWRUHV HWF GH HP VHU F LGDGRVDPHQWH HVFROKLGRV SDUD 2 DFLRQDGRU GH UHOp FRP 026)(7 GHVFULWR QHVWD
JDUDQWLU P I QFLRQDPHQWR DGHT DGR QD DOWD IUHT rQFLD GH VHomR p P H FHOHQWH H HPSOR GH FRPR RV )(7V SRGHP
WUDQVPLVVmR 1D HUGDGH RV GLRGRV D DV FRVW PDP VHU VHU WLOL DGRV SDUD acionar circuitos de alta corrente/alta
VDGRV QR O JDU GRV /( V QR PRG ODGRU SRLV WUDEDOKDP
tensão sem desviar corrente ou potência do circuito
FRP WD DV PDLV DOWDV GH LQIRUPDomR H PDLRU SRWrQFLD H FD
acionador. A alta impedância de entrada dos FETs
VDP PHQRV SHUGDV GH WUDQVPLVVmR H GH DFRSODPHQWR 1R
basicamente isola as duas partes do circuito sem a
HQWDQWR RV GLRGRV D DV VmR P LWR PDLV FDURV H VHQVt HLV
necessidade de conexões ópticas ou eletromagnéticas
j WHPSHUDW UD H WrP LGD WLO JHUDOPHQWH PDLV F UWD GR T H
2 FLUF LWR D VHU GHVFULWR WHP iULDV DSOLFDo HV PDV IRFD
RV /( V 1R ODGR GR GHPRG ODGRU RV IRWRGLRGRV VmR GR
UHPRV HP P VLVWHPD GH DODUPH DWL DGR T DQGR REMHWRV
WLSR IRWRGLRGR SLQ R IRWRGLRGR GH D DODQFKH DEUH LD
R SHVVRDV OWUDSDVVDP R SODQR GD O WUDQVPLWLGD
W UD S Q HP GR SURFHVVR GH FRQVWU omR S QWUtQVHFR Q H
2 /( ,5 LQIUD HUPHOKR QmR LVt HO GD )LJ UD WHU HP PHQWH T H RV MOSFETs são dispositivos de baixo
GLUHFLRQD D O DWUD pV GH P I QLO GLUHFLRQDO SDUD consumo de energia H SRUWDQWR DV SHUGDV PHVPR HP
FKHJDU D PD FpO OD IRWRFRQG WRUD 6HomR GR FLUF LWR JUDQGHV LQWHU DORV GH WHPSR VHUmR EDL DV
GH FRQWUROH (VVD FpO OD WHP PD IDL D GH UHVLVWrQFLD GH
cerca de 200 kΩ em seu nível de resistência no escuro até 7.16 RESUMO
menos de 1 kΩ em altos níveis de iluminação. O resistor
p PD UHVLVWrQFLD DULi HO T H SRGH VHU WLOL DGD SDUD Conclusões e conceitos importantes
DM VWDU R Qt HO GH OLPLDU GR 026)(7 WLSR GHSOHomR )RL
8PD FRQILJ UDomR FRP SRODUL DomR IL D SRVV L
HPSUHJDGR P 026)(7 GH SRWrQFLD PpGLD SRU FD VD GR
FRPR R QRPH LQGLFD PD WHQVmR fixa DSOLFDGD
DOWR DORU GD FRUUHQWH GR GUHQR QD ERELQD GH PDJQHWL DomR
GD SRUWD SDUD D IRQWH FRP R SURSyVLWR GH HVWDEHOHFHU
2 GLRGR IRL LQFO tGR FRPR P GLVSRVLWL R GH SURWHomR SRU
R SRQWR GH RSHUDomR
PRWL RV Mi GLVF WLGRV FRP GHWDOKHV QD 6HomR
4 DQGR R VLVWHPD HVWi OLJDGR H D O DWLQJH FRQVWDQ UHODomR não linear HQWUH D WHQVmR SRUWD IRQWH
WHPHQWH D FpO OD IRWRFRQG WRUD D UHVLVWrQFLD GD FpO OD SRGH H D FRUUHQWH GH GUHQR GH P -)(7 H LJH T H VHMD
cair para 10 kΩ. Neste valor, a aplicação da regra do divisor de WLOL DGD PD VRO omR JUiILFD R PDWHPiWLFD HQ
WHQVmR UHV OWD HP PD WHQVmR GH FHUFD GH 9 QR WHUPLQDO RO HQGR D VRO omR GH G DV HT Do HV VLP OWkQHDV
de porta (com o potenciômetro de 50 kΩ ajustado em 0 kΩ). SDUD GHWHUPLQDU R SRQWR T LHVFHQWH GH RSHUDomR
2 026)(7 HVWDUi OLJDGR PDV QmR WHUi PD FRUUHQWH GH 7RGDV DV WHQV HV FRP PD QLFD OHWUD FRPR tQGLFH
GUHQR V ILFLHQWH SDUD PRGLILFDU R HVWDGR GR UHOp 4 DQGR GHILQHP PD WHQVmR GH P SRQWR HVSHFtILFR HP
DOJ pP SDVVD D IRQWH GH O p FRUWDGD H D UHVLVWrQFLD GD UHODomR DR terra
FpO OD SRGH V ELU UDSLGDPHQWH HP DOJ QV PLFURVVHJ QGRV
FRQILJ UDomR FRP D WRSRODUL DomR p GHWHUPLQDGD
para 100 kΩ. A tensão na porta se eleva, então, para 3 V,
SRU PD HT DomR GH T H V PS SDVVD SHOD
OLJDQGR UDSLGDPHQWH R 026)(7 R T H DWL D R UHOp H OLJD R
RULJHP 4 DOT HU R WUR SRQWR GHWHUPLQDGR SHOD
VLVWHPD VRE FRQWUROH 8P FLUF LWR GH DODUPH SRVV L P VLV
HT DomR GH SRODUL DomR HVWDEHOHFH PD OLQKD reta
WHPD SUySULR GH FRQWUROH T H QmR SHUPLWH VH GHVOLJDPHQWR
SDUD UHSUHVHQWDU R FLUF LWR GH SRODUL DomR
T DQGR D O UHWRUQD j FpO OD IRWRFRQG WRUD
(P V PD SRUWDQWR SRGHPRV FRQWURODU P FLUF LWR 3DUD D FRQILJ UDomR SRU GL LVRU GH WHQVmR SRGHPRV
GH DOWD FRUUHQWH FRP P DORU GH WHQVmR UHODWL DPHQWH VHPSUH SUHVV SRU T H D FRUUHQWH GH SRUWD p SDUD
EDL R HP P VLVWHPD GH EDL R F VWR 2 QLFR LQFRQ HQLHQ SHUPLWLU PD isolação GR FLUF LWR GL LVRU GH WHQVmR
WH T H R VLVWHPD DSUHVHQWD p R IDWR GH T H R 026)(7 ILFD GD VHomR GH VDtGD WHQVmR UHV OWDQWH SRUWD WHUUD VHUi
OLJDGR PHVPR QD D VrQFLD GH SHVVRDV R REMHWRV ,VVR SRGH VHPSUH positiva para um JFET de canal H negativa
VHU HOLPLQDGR HP VLVWHPDV PDLV VRILVWLFDGRV PDV GH HPRV para um JFET de canal S Valores crescentes de
6V
Contador,
alarme,
R1 100 k
lâmpada,
Controle de etc.
tensão de limiar
R2 Relé Sistema de alta corrente ou alta tensão
50 k
VG MOSFET
+
VGS –
LED IR
Célula fotocondutora
1k 200 k
Figura 7.71 FLRQDGRU GH UHOp FRP 026)(7

UHV OWDP HP valores quiescentes de mais baixos RD DomR SR G VR G QVmR

H HP valores mais negativos de para um JFET
de canal R2VDD
VG =
R1 + R2
2 PpWRGR GH DQiOLVH DSOLFDGR DRV 026)(7V WLSR
GHSOHomR p R PHVPR DSOLFDGR SDUD RV -)(7V FRP D ,
QLFD GLIHUHQoD VHQGR P SRQWR GH RSHUDomR SRVVt HO
FRP DORU GH , acima GR DORU GH , 026)(7V WLSR LQWHQVLILFDomR
R D DomR SR D P Q DomR
V FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV H RV PpWRGRV GH DQiOLVH DSOLFDGRV
DRV 026)(7V WLSR LQWHQVLILFDomR VmR completa-
mente diferentes GDT HOHV GRV -)(7V H 026)(7V ,
WLSR GHSOHomR 3DUD DORUHV GH PHQRUHV GR T H
R DORU GH OLPLDU D FRUUHQWH GH GUHQR p RD DomR SR G VR G QVmR
R DQDOLVDU FLUF LWRV FRP GLVSRVLWL RV DULDGRV R2VDD
GH HPRV SULPHLUR WUDEDOKDU FRP D UHJLmR GR FLUF LWR VG =
R1 + R2
T H RIHUHFH P valor de tensão ou corrente WLOL
DQGR DV UHODo HV EiVLFDV DVVRFLDGDV D HVVHV GLVSR ,
VLWL RV 8WLOL DPRV HQWmR HVWH DORU H DV HT Do HV
DSURSULDGDV SDUD GHWHUPLQDU R WURV DORUHV GH WHQVmR 7.17 ANÁLISE COMPUTACIONAL
R FRUUHQWH GR FLUF LWR QD UHJLmR DR UHGRU GR VLVWHPD
2 SURFHGLPHQWR GH SURMHWR QRUPDOPHQWH UHT HU T H
PSpice para Windows
VH GHVF EUD P DORU GH UHVLVWrQFLD SDUD HVWDEHOHFHU Configuração por divisor de tensão com
R DORU GH WHQVmR R FRUUHQWH GHVHMDGRV RP LVVR HP JFET JRUD HULILFDUHPRV RV UHV OWDGRV GR ( HPSOR
PHQWH GH HPRV OHPEUDU T H R DORU GH UHVLVWrQFLD WLOL DQGR R 36SLFH SDUD :LQGR V 2 FLUF LWR GD
p GHILQLGR SHOD tensão no resistor dividida pela )LJ UD p FRQVWU tGR FRP RV PpWRGRV GHVFULWRV QRV
corrente T H SDVVD SRU HOH 1R SURFHGLPHQWR GH FDStW ORV DQWHULRUHV 2 -)(7 - 1 p REWLGR QD EL
SURMHWR DPEDV DV T DQWLGDGHV HVWmR QRUPDOPHQWH EOLRWHFD EVAL H R Edit-PSpice model VHU H SDUD IL DU
GLVSRQt HLV SDUD P HOHPHQWR UHVLVWL R HVSHFtILFR Beta HP P 9 H Vto HP 9 2 DORU GH Beta
5HVRO HU RV SUREOHPDV GH P FLUF LWR UHT HU P co- p GHWHUPLQDGR SRU EHWD , 9 (T DomR H, H
nhecimento claro e consistente GR FRPSRUWDPHQWR IRUQHFLGDV 2V UHV OWDGRV GH Simulation VmR PRVWUD
WHUPLQDO GH FDGD P GRV GLVSRVLWL RV GR FLUF LWR GRV QD )LJ UD FRP RV Qt HLV GH SRODUL DomR GH
RP HVVH FRQKHFLPHQWR SRGHPRV RIHUHFHU PD es- WHQVmR H FRUUHQWH FRUUHQWH GH GUHQR UHV OWDQWH p
timativa GRV DORUHV GH WHQVmR GH WUDEDOKR GH SRQWRV P FRPSDUDGD DR DORU FDOF ODGR GH P PD
HVSHFtILFRV GR FLUF LWR T H SRGHP VHU FRQIHULGRV FRP
P ROWtPHWUR I QomR RKPtPHWUR GH P P OWtPH
WUR p SDUWLF ODUPHQWH WLO SDUD JDUDQWLU T H KDMD PD
conexão real HQWUH WRGRV RV HOHPHQWRV GR FLUF LWR
DQiOLVH GRV )(7V GH FDQDO S p D PHVPD DSOLFDGD
DRV )(7V GH FDQDO Q H FHWR SHOR IDWR GH T H WRGDV DV
WHQV HV SRVV HP polaridade oposta H DV FRUUHQWHV
sentido oposto
Equações
-)(7V 026)(7V WLSR GHSOHomR
RQI J DomR FRP SR D DomR I D
RQI J DomR FRP D RSR D DomR Figura 7.72 5HV OWDGRV SDUD RV DORUHV GH FRUUHQWH H
WHQVmR QD FRQILJ UDomR SRU GL LVRU GH WHQVmR FRP
, -)(7 WLOL DQGR 36SLFH SDUD :LQGR V
2 DORU GH Beta p GHWHUPLQDGR SHOR VR GD (T DomR

H GRV SDUkPHWURV GR FLUF LWR FRPR VHJ H
IDSS 8 mA 8 mA
Beta = = = = 0,222 mA>V2
0 VP 0 2 0 -6 V 0 2 36 V2
)HLWD D P GDQoD FHUWLILT H VH GH VHOHFLRQDU Change

Part Model DQWHV GH VDLU GD FDL D GH GLiORJR 1R DPHQWH
D FDL D GH GLiORJR JFET_N DSDUHFHUi PDV EDVWD P 2
SDUD T H DV PRGLILFDo HV VHMDP IHLWDV V OHJHQGDV IDSS
= 8 mA H Vp = – 6 V VmR DGLFLRQDGDV VDQGR VH Place-
-Text 8PD EDUUD GH IHUUDPHQWDV HUWLFDO SLVFDQWH V UJLUi
PDUFDQGR R ORFDO HP T H D OHJHQGD SRGH VHU LQVHULGD
SyV D LQVHUomR HOD SRGH VHU UHPR LGD FRP IDFLOLGDGH SRU
P VLPSOHV FOLT H QD iUHD VHQGR DUUDVWDGD DWp D SRVLomR
GHVHMDGD SRU PHLR GD V VWHQWDomR GR FOLT H
HVFROKD GD RSomR Indicator QD SULPHLUD EDUUD GH
IHUUDPHQWDV HUWLFDO H LELUi DV WHQV HV GH GUHQR H IRQWH
FRPR HPRV QD )LJ UD (P DPERV RV FDVRV D RSomR
Figura 7.73 9HULILFDomR GD VRO omR FDOF ODGD j PmR GR
VOLTMETER_V p VHOHFLRQDGD QD FDL D GH GLiORJR
( HPSOR WLOL DQGR R 36SLFH SDUD :LQGR V
Select a Component
6HOHFLRQDU Simulate-Run R PR HU D FKD H SDUD D
DSUR LPDomR H FHOHQWH WHQVmR p 9 9 SRVLomR 1 UHV OWD QD H LELomR GD )LJ UD 2EVHU H T H
9 p H DWDPHQWH LJ DO j VRO omR FDOF ODGD j
9 V V R DORU FDOF ODGR GH 9 GR ( HPSOR
PmR GH 9 (PERUD R LQGLFDGRU HVWHMD FRQHFWDGR GD
R WUD H FHOHQWH DSUR LPDomR
IRQWH SDUD R WHUUD FHUWLILT H VH GH T H WDPEpP VH WUDWD
Circuitos combinados VHJ LU RV UHV OWDGRV GR GH PD WHQVmR SRUWD IRQWH SRUT H VH V S H T H D T HGD
( HPSOR FRP WUDQVLVWRU 7%- H -)(7 VHUmR HULILFD de tensão através do resistor de 1 MΩ seja igual a 0 V.
GRV 3DUD R WUDQVLVWRU Bf EHWD p IL DGR HP HQT DQWR 2 DORU GH 9 QR GUHQR p EDVWDQWH SUy LPR DR GD
SDUD R -)(7 Beta p SURJUDPDGR SDUD P 9 H Vto VRO omR FDOF ODGD j PmR GH 9 GH PRGR JHUDO
SDUD 9 FRPR QR H HPSOR 2V UHV OWDGRV GH WRGRV RV PD HULILFDomR FRPSOHWD GRV UHV OWDGRV GR ( HPSOR
DORUHV DSDUHFHP QD )LJ UD 1RWH QR DPHQWH D
H FHOHQWH DSUR LPDomR FRP D VRO omR FDOF ODGD j PmR
VHQGR HP 9 FRPSDUi HO D 9 HP
9 FRPSDUi HO D 9 H HP 9 9
9 FRPSDUi HO D 9
Multisim
JRUD RV UHV OWDGRV GR ( HPSOR VHUmR HUL
ILFDGRV FRP R 0 OWLVLP FRQVWU omR GR FLUF LWR GD
)LJ UD p HVVHQFLDOPHQWH D PHVPD T H p DSOLFDGD
QRV FDStW ORV VREUH 7%- 2 -)(7 p REWLGR SRU PHLR GD
VHOHomR GH Transistor D T DUWD WHFOD GH FLPD SDUD EDL R
QD SULPHLUD EDUUD GH IHUUDPHQWDV HUWLFDO 8PD FDL D GH
GLiORJR Select a Component DSDUHFHUi QD T DO SRGHPRV
VHOHFLRQDU JFET_N QD OLVWDJHP Family 8PD ORQJD OLVWD
GH FRPSRQHQWHV V UJLUi H 2N3821 p VHOHFLRQDGR SDUD
HVVD DSOLFDomR RP P 2 HOH SRGH VHU FRORFDGR QD
WHOD HSRLV GH P G SOR FOLT H VREUH R VtPEROR QD WHOD
PD FDL D GH GLiORJR JFET_N SHUPLWH T H Value VHMD
VHOHFLRQDGR VHJ LGR SRU Edit Model 8PD FDL D GH
GLiORJR Edit Model DSDUHFHUi QD T DO Beta H Vto SRGHP Figura 7.74 9HULILFDomR GRV UHV OWDGRV GR ( HPSOR
VHU GHILQLGRV HP 0,222 mA/V H – 6 V UHVSHFWL DPHQWH VDQGR R 0 OWLVLP

Polarização Do FET: Objetivos

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Polarização Do FET: Objetivos

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Polarização do FET

7.1 INTRODUÇÃO D i G FRQ R SD D P DQV V R -p P

e SDUWLF ODUPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH REVHU DU T H DV FRQILJ UDomR GD )LJ UD LQFO L RV DORUHV

7.2 CONFIGURAÇÃO COM

9LVWR T H p P DORU IL R SDUD HVVD FRQILJ UD QD )LJ UD T H R DORU T LHVFHQWH GH , p GHWHUPLQDGR

VP VGSQ = –VGG 0 VGS

e yE LR T H H FRP EDVH QR IDWR GH ID (mA)

)LJ UD OLQKD UHWD GHILQLGD SHOD (T DomR p

Figura 7.11 (VERoR GD UHWD GH D WRSRODUL DomR

WUDoDGD H R SRQWR T LHVFHQWH p REWLGR QD LQWHUVHomR GD

2 UHV OWDGR p R JUiILFR GD )LJ UD FRPR GHILQLGR

SRGHULD WHU VLGR HVFROKLGR H R DORU GH , SRGHULD WHU E 1R SRQWR T LHVFHQWH

Figura 7.15 HWHUPLQDomR GR SRQWR SDUD R FLUF LWR GD

7.4 POLARIZAÇÃO POR VDD VDD VDD

2 UHV OWDGR HVSHFLILFD T H VHPSUH T H WUDoDUPRV

8PD H GHWHUPLQDGRV RV DORUHV T LHVFHQWHV GH ,

Figura 7.20 (IHLWR GH QR SRQWR UHV OWDQWH

Figura 7.21 ( HPSOR

F , = (2,4 mA)(1,5 kΩ)

Figura 7.23 DV HUV HV GD FRQILJ UDomR SRUWD FRP P

Figura 7.25 HWHUPLQDomR GR SRQWR SDUD R FLUF LWR GD

Figura 7.26 ( HPSOR

GH PRGR T H VDS = VDD + VSS - ID(RD + RS) , = – (6 mA)(680 Ω) = – 4,08 V

FRP VD = VDD - ID RD FRPR PRVWUD D )LJ UD

Figura 7.27 HWHUPLQDomR GR SRQWR SDUD R FLUF LWR GD IDQ = IDSS

7.6 CASO ESPECIAL: VGSQ = 0 V ,

Figura 7.33 ( HPSOR

Figura 7.32 ( HPSOR H SDUD ! 9 Mi T H 9 HVFROKHUHPRV

SDUD FRPSOHWDU D F U D FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GH WUDQVIHUrQ ,

2 SRQWR UHV OWDQWH p GDGR SRU 7.8 MOSFETs TIPO INTENSIFICAÇÃO

OLVDGR SHOD SULPHLUD H HP GHFRUUrQFLD GR SRQWR )LJ UD 3DUD DORUHV GH PDLRUHV GR T H 7K D

HVSHFLDO GH RSHUDomR FRUUHQWH GH GUHQR p GHILQLGD SRU

EXEMPLO 7.9 ID = k(VGS - VGS(Th))2

3RUWDQWR QmR p QHFHVViULR GHVHQKDU D F U D GH WUDQV

VGS(Th) VGS1 VGS2 VGS

Figura 7.36 U D FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD GH P

Configuração de polarização 2 UHV OWDGR p PD HT DomR T H UHODFLRQD , FRP

3DUD R FLUF LWR GH VDtGD 2V JUiILFRV GHILQLGRV SHODV HT Do HV H DSD

Figura 7.39 HWHUPLQDomR GR SRQWR SDUD R FLUF LWR GD

Figura 7.40 ( HPSOR

Figura 7.41 *UiILFR GD F U D GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD SDUD R

Figura 7.42 HWHUPLQDomR GR SRQWR SDUD R FLUF LWR GD )LJ UD

Configuração de polarização EXEMPLO 7.11

Figura 7.43 RQILJ UDomR GH SRODUL DomR SRU GL LVRU GH

Figura 7.45 HWHUPLQDomR GR SRQWR SDUD R FLUF LWR GR ( HPSOR

, ≅ 6,7 mA UHODo HV WLOL DGDV VmR VLPSOHVPHQWH DT HODV T H Mi HPSUH

RSRUW QLGDGH GH DQDOLVDU FLUF LWRV FRP RV GRLV WLSRV GH

Tabela 7.1 RQILJ UDo HV GH SRODUL DomR SDUD )(7

Tipo Configuração Equações pertinentes Solução gráfica

por divisor de tensão R2 VGS = VG - ISRS

ILJ UDomR SRU GL LVRU GH WHQVmR D WpFQLFD DSUR LPDGD ID (mA)

RQVLGHUH R IDWR GH T H 9 UHV OWD HP Ponto Q 2

UHV OWDQGR QD UHWD GH D WRSRODUL DomR GD )LJ UD

GD HVFROKD GH DORUHV SDGUmR UDUDPHQWH FD VD SUREOHPDV

– 4 –3 –2 –1 0 RQGH H , VmR SDUkPHWURV T H SRGHP VHU HQFRQWUDGRV

Figura 7.49 HWHUPLQDomR GR SRQWR SDUD R FLUF LWR GD

FRVW PD VHU R HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR GRV DORUHV GH RSH

EXEMPLO 7.14 2V DORUHV FRPHUFLDLV SDGUmR PDLV SUy LPRV VmR

-(VGSQ ) -(-1 V) HT DomR SDUD p HQWmR HVFULWD H RV DORUHV FRQKH

VDD DORUHV GH FRUUHQWH UDUDPHQWH VmR PHGLGRV SRLV SDUD LVVR

T H p P DORU FRPHUFLDO SDGUmR

7.12 ANÁLISE DE DEFEITOS