CELL EXPLORATION ACTIVITY

Activity 1: HOW BIG IS IT? My Partner(s): Euji Nueva

Zeann Oliver Argarin
1.

Object Sketch Size in nanometers,

micrometers or
millimeters
Human Hair 11 millimeters

Dust Mite 400 micrometers

Red Blood Cells 10 micrometers

E. coli 2 micrometers

Staphylococcus 0.33 micrometers

Ebola Virus 1200 nanometers

Rhinovirus 20 nanometers
Use COMPLETE SENTENCES to write a brief summary of this activity, what you did and
what you learned.
• We briefly answered the questions and both learn the parts of the cell, how big
or small of the cells, we sketch some of the cells for example Mitochondria which
is the power of the cell and knows every function of each cells.

Part 2: Bacterial Cell Model

1. Bacterial Flagellum
2. Pili
3. Nucleoid (Circular DNA)
4. Capsule
5. Ribosomes
6. Cell Wall
7. Plasma Membrane

Part C: Animal Cell Model

1. What do Mitochondria do?
- Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular)
that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical
reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small
molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
2. How big are mitochondria?
- 8.0-9.0 nm in diameter.
3. What does the Golgi Apparatus do?
- The Golgi apparatus transports and modifies proteins in eukaryotic cells.
4. What is the difference between smooth and rough ER?
- The main difference between these two terminologies is that the Smooth
Endoplasmic Reticulum is known for stocking the lipids and proteins. It is not
 bounded by ribosomes. Whereas, the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is bounded
by the ribosomes and also stores proteins.
5. Where is the nucleolus found?
- Nucleoli are small basophilic spherical bodies located in the nucleus. Usually they
can be found in the central nuclear region but may also be close to the nuclear
membrane. A nucleolus is built by a nucleolus organizing region (NOR) of a
specific chromosome.
6. What does the nucleolus do?
- The nucleolus makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA, also
known as rRNA. It then sends the subunits out to the rest of the cell where they
combine into complete ribosomes. Ribosomes make proteins; therefore, the
nucleolus plays a vital role in making proteins in the cell.
7. What does the cytoskeleton do?
- The cytoskeleton is a structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal
organization, and it also provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry
out essential functions like division and movement.
8. Cytosol goes by what other name?
- The cytosol, also known as cytoplasmic matrix or ground plasm, is one of the liquids
found inside cells (intracellular fluid (ICF)). It is separated into compartments by
membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into
many compartments.
9. What is the function of the cytosol?
- The cytosol has an important role in providing structural support for other organelles and
in allowing transport of molecules across the cell.

10. What is the function of the lysosomes?

- Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles with roles in processes involved
in degrading and recycling cellular waste, cellular signalling and energy metabolism.
Defects in genes encoding lysosomal proteins cause lysosomal storage disorders, in
which enzyme replacement therapy has proved successful.

Part D: Plat Cell Model

1. What other type of cell has a cell wall?
- Besides plant cells, Bacteria, fungi and algae cells have cell walls. The cell wall is
the extra layer located outside of the cell membrane.
2. What makes the plants cells green?
- Chlorophyll is located in a plant's chloroplasts, which are tiny structures in a
plant's cells. Chlorophyll gives plants their green color because it does not absorb
the green wavelengths of white light. That particular light wavelength is reflected
from the plant, so it appears green.
3. In plant cells, what does the vacuole do?
- The vacuole plays an important role in the homeostasis of the plant cell. It is
involved in the control of cell volume and cell turgor; the regulation of cytoplasmic
ions and pH; the storage of amino acids, sugars, and CO2; and the sequestration
of toxic ions and xenobiotics.
 Part E: Overview

Organelle PLANT ANIMAL BACTERIA

Vacuole / / /

Chloroplast /

Ribosome / / /

Mitochondria / /

DNA / /

Endoplasmic / /
Reticulum

Cell Wall / /

Golgi Apparatus / /

Sketch each of the following:

Mitochondria Ribosome

Nucleus Cell Membrane

Chloroplast Vacuole