Emission Spectra Data and

more…..
WHAT IS AN EMISSION/ LINE SPECTRUM

Shows a range of wavelength produced by atoms or molecules

when excited due to the addition heat or electric discharge
All elements will give emission spectra when they are excited.
Spectrum consists of a number of coloured lines against a black
background
The lines represent light of different frequency some appearing in
the visible region of the spectrum
LINE SPECTRUM OF HYDROGEN
NEIL BOHR MODEL OF THE ATOM

- Proposed the quantum theory which states that energy

can be absorbed or emitted in certain amounts like
packets of energy called quanta
- Energy is needed to keep the electrons orbiting the
nucleus
- Electrons that are farther away from the nucleus require
more energy than those closer to the nucleus
NEIL BOHR MODEL OF THE ATOM

- The difference in energy between energy levels is a fixed

value… this also means the frequency is fixed and when
emitted will produce light of a certain colour on the spectrum
- Electron moves from E1 to E2 the light given off has a
frequency given by planck equation
hv = E2 - E1
H-planck constant (6.66 x 10 -37 J/s)
DESCRIPTION OF THE ATOMIC ORBITALS

- Energy levels with the atom is also called principal energy

levels (PEL)
- These PEL contain sub levels assigned the following letters:
s, p, d and f
- Orbitals are regions where is it more likely or there is the
greatest probability that you will find electrons
- Orbitals have different shapes
SHAPE OF ATOMIC ORBITALS
ATOMIC ORBITALS

- Principal quantum number ‘n’ describes the energy level of the

electron. The maximum number of electrons in ‘n’ is 2n2
- N has sub levels that are given notation s, p, d and f. Each level
has n amount of electrons
- N = 1 (2 electrons) 1 sub level (1s)
- N = 2 (8 electrons) 2 sub levels ( 2s, 2p)
- N = 3 (18 electrons) 3 sub levels (3s, 3p, 3d)
- N = 4 (32 electrons) 4 sub levels (4s, 4p, 4d,4f)
MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF ELECTRONS PER SUB LEVEL

SUB LEVEL # OF ORBITALS MAX. # ELECTRON

s 1 2

p 3 6

d 5 10

f 7 14
ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION
- Electrons are stable when they spin in opposite directions.
- The magnetic attraction which results from their opposite spin will
counterbalance the electric repulsion resulting from the identical negative
charge.
- Electrons in boxes are represented as shown below
ENERGY LEVELS IN AN ATOM
ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION (s, p, d and f notation)

Na - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

Na+ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Al 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
Al3+ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION (s, p, d and f notation)

When writing electronic configuration of larger atoms sometimes a

noble gas configuration is used as shown below:
Ca: [Ar] 4s2
P: [Ne] 3s2 3p3