Pollution Control using Internet of Things (IoT)

Himadri Nath Saha1, Supratim Auddy1, Avimita Chatterjee1, Subrata Pal1, Shivesh Pandey1, Rocky Singh1, Rakhee
Singh1, Priyanshu Sharan1, Swarnadeep Banerjee1, Debmalya Ghosh1, Ankita Maity2
1
Deptt. Of Computer Science & Engineering
2
Deptt. Of Information Technology
1
Institute of Engineering & Management, Kolkata

2
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Kolkata

Abstract— the change of ecosystem and the

surrounding atmosphere by different forms of pollutants
(Chemicals and energies) are called environmental
pollution. Pollution affects the climate most.. The issue of
environmental pollution and climate change has become
an international concern due to their affects to the physical
and biological entities of the environment. In this paper,
the main objective is to find the pollutants in nature with
the help of the Internet of Things (IoT). The UVI-01 sensor
is an ultraviolet light sensor. The UV Sensor outputs an
analog signal of the amount of UV light it detects. The 2 in
one Temperature and PH sensor is used to monitor the
Quality of water, interns of monitoring the level of water,
the temperature of the water and its surrounding, the
turbidity of the water (how clean the water is) as well as
the PH levels of the Water. Therefore, this system
monitors all of these result and finally when all data are
collected, it sends the information or data to the cloud.
Keywords—Air Pollution; Pollution Control;
Temperature and PH sensor;UV sensor; Water Pollution
I. INTRODUCTION
In our nature, Pollution is one of the biggest problem. It occurs
because of impurities mix with the air, water, soil. To keep
safe our nature, we need to keep track the pollution level of
air, water Etc. When the pollution level cross the safe limits,
we need to purify air, water, soil etc. As we, all know
“Prevention is better than cure”, so we need to be alert before
the pollution level cross safe limits. In this paper, we will
show how to monitor the pollution level.
In our paper, we will discuss about how to keep track of air
pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. We will use
Raspberry Pi and some sensors for this project.
For air pollution control, we need to measure the air pressure,
temperature, Ultra Violet radiation, Air quality, Smoke,
Nitrogen Dioxide in air and Carbon Monoxide in air. We need
BMP085- Pressure and temperature sensor, UVI-01 Ultra
Violet Radiation sensor, LDR Light Dependent Resistor, TGS
2600 General Air Quality Sensor, MICS-2710 NO2
Concentration Sensor, MICS-5525 CO Concentration Sensor
to measure the level of air pollution.
For water pollution control, we need to measure the ph,
Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Hardness, Ammonia, Nitrite
and Nitrate of the water. Therefore, we need temperature
sensor, Nitrate sensor, Dissolved Oxygen sensor, ph sensor.
For noise pollution control, we need to measure the decibel.
The normal human ear can detect sounds that range between 0
db and about 140 db. We will use Microphone amplifier
breakout to measure the sound levels.
The raspberry pi will be connected to a monitor. The monitor
will display the instant results. If any result cross the safe
levels, an alarm will alert the pollution control room.
At the interval of 5 min, all the data will be uploaded to the
cloud. The pollution control room will analysis the data to
transform and remodel with a view to reach to a certain
conclusion for a situation.
Rest of the paper is organized as follows, Section II describes
Related Works, Section III describes Air Pollution Monitoring
System, Section IV describes Noise Pollution Monitoring
System, Section V describes challenge for implementation and
Section VII describes conclusion.
II. RELATED WORKS
In this cyber-physical area, different types of sensors act over
wireless networks, assembling knowledge and delivering
services to observe pollution associate integrated IoT design
that mixes the functionalities of Service-Controlled
Networking (SCN) with cloud computing. The ensuing
community-driven huge knowledge platform helps
environmental scientists simply discover and manage
knowledge from varied sensors, and share their data and
knowledge concerning pollution impacts.[1]
Using empirical analysis, typical air automatic observation
system has high exactitude, however giant bulk, high value
create it not possible for large-scale installation. By
exploitation IOT, this technique will cut back the hardware
value as lower as before. The system is set go in an oversized
variety in observation space to create observation device
network. Besides the functions of automatic pollution
observation system, it conjointly exhibits the operate of
prediction development trend of pollution among an exact

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time vary by analyzing the info obtained by front-end
perception system.[2]
Recently, the globe Health Organization declared that harms
human health due to pollution that square measure rising as
threats to human health worldwide. Consistent with the, Seoul,
2011 according to a July 2014 - Public Facilities indoor air
quality measurements, were examined to be in violation of
indoor pollution standards in most multi-use facility. The
measuring of indoor air quality by exploitation the atmosphere
device, associatealyzing the measured knowledge to come up
with an mechanism signal needed for ventilation and improve
indoor air quality by implementing a observation system with
period of time measuring, autonomously managing the air
quality in our lives in order that it is.[3]
However, despite the perceived advantages we tend to square
measure realizing from these sensors, the dawn of the internet
of Things (IoT) brings recent challenges. A number of these
have to be compelled to do with coming up with the
acceptable infrastructure to capture and store the large
quantity of heterogeneous device knowledge, finding sensible
use of the collected device knowledge, and managing IoT
communities in such the simplest way that users will
seamlessly search, find, and utilize their device knowledge.[4]
III. AIR POLLUTION MONITORING SYSTEM
A. Wireless sensor node
A wireless sensor network is associate infrastructure
consisting of computing, sensing and communication parts,
Which permits the administrator to watch & control of the
desired parameters within the network. Typical application of
WSN includes knowledge assortment, monitoring, police
work & medical telemedicine. It's conjointly utilized in
irrigation system,
Greenhouses for observation & controlling parameters like
water flow, temp, humidity, moisture, etc
B. Sensors
Sensors are hardware devices that manufacture measurable
response to a amendment in an exceedingly healthiness of
pollution.
The associatealog signal send by the sensors is digitized by an
analog to digital device & send to controller for any
Processing. There are differing kinds of detectors from that we
are able to choose the acceptable} & appropriate sensor
relying
On the applying.
Sensor 1 (CO detector):- The CO sensor senses the gas and
communicates the info with microcontroller.
Sensor 2 (N sensor):- The chemical element sensors sense the
gas and communicate the info with microcontroller.
Sensor 3 (smoke detector):- The smoke sensor senses the gas
and communicates the info with microcontroller.
Sensor 4 (temp detector):- The worker sensor senses the
temperature and communicates the info with microcontroller.
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C. Bluetooth Module HC-06
In the projected system, we have a tendency to are using
Bluetooth modem for sending the info to lpc2138 to mobile.
These little sizeBluetooth TTL transceiver modules are
designed for serial communication (SPP - interface profile). It
allows
Target device to send or receive TTL knowledge via Bluetooth
technology while not connecting a serial cable to your
Computer. The modules with the HC-06 computer code are
the modules that are manufactory set to be Master or Slave
Modules. Master and slave mode can not be switched from the
manufactory setting. HC-06 may be a business gradeproduct.
Fig 1- Context Model
D. Microcontroller unit
Microcontroller like ARM (LPC2138) processes knowledge,
performs tasks and management the practicality with different
Components within the detector node. Arm Processor:-The
ARM7 based mostly microcontrollers run on load-store
reduced instruction set architecture with 32-bit registers and
stuck op-code length. The design provides a linear 4GB
memory ad-dress area. The
ARM7 core is straightforward to use, cost-efficient, and
support fashionable object-oriented programming techniques.
E. World Positioning System
GPS receivers are used for navigating, positioning, surveying,
locating and determinant the time and are used each
By non-public people and corporations. Throughout the event
of the GPS system:
(a) it's to supply users with the potential of determinant time,
speed and position whether or not in motion or at rest.
(b) It ought to have a continual, global, three dimensional
positioning capabilities with a high degree of accuracy,
Irrespective of the weather.
Global Positioning System is important customary used for
navigation, chase and placement aware knowledge work.
Board
Can be interfaced with a microcontroller through UART.
Knowledge like latitude, meridian of the realm wherever
vehicle
Located are received. Board options connection compatible
with antennas. It will operate 3.3V power provide solely.
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F. Digital display show
Liquid Crystal Displays are the simplest man and machine
interface giving spectacular visual data, displaying
Icons, Symbols, Numerical, Alphabets and Characters. We've
used ODM’s 16x2 digital display.
This system consists of Mobile Data-Acquisition Unit
(Mobile-DAQ) and stuck web Enabled Pollution observation
Server (Pollution server).Mobile-DAQ consists of a 32-bit
single- chip microcontroller integrated with a detector array
Using analog ports. The Mobile-DAQ is connected to a
Bluetooth module and portable victimization RS-232
interface.
IV. NOISE POLLUTION MONITORING SYSTEM
The construct of sensible Cities and therefore the observance
of environmental parameters is a district of analysis that has
attracted scientific attention throughout the last decade. These
environmental parameters square measure well-known as
necessary factors in their heart towards individuals. Huge
observance of this
Kind of parameters in cities is an upscale and complicated
task. Recent technologies of affordable computing and low-
power devices have opened analyze to a large and a lot of
accessible research field, developing observance devices for
deploying Wireless sensing element Networks. Gathering info
From them, improved urban plans may be meted out and
therefore the info might facilitate voters. During this work, the
prototyping of a affordable acoustic sensing element supported
the Raspberry Pi platform for its use within the analysis of the
sound field is represented. The device is additionally
connected to the cloud to share
Fig 2- Operation Scheme
Results in real time. The computation resources of the
Raspberry Pi permit treating top quality audio for shrewd
acoustic parameters. A pilot take a look at was meted out with
the installation of 2 acoustic devices within the improvement
works of a section. During this readying, the analysis of those
devices through long measurements was meted out, getting
many acoustic parameters in real time for its broadcasting and
study. This take a look at has shown the Raspberry Pi as a
strong and reasonable computing core of a affordable device,
however additionally the pilot take a look at has served as a
question tool for the
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Inhabitants of the neighborhood to be a lot of aware of the
noise in their own place of residence.
V. CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTATION
In order to realize the aforementioned IoT enabled sustainable
applications in the context of a smart city, raises a plethora of
challenges catering to the iot-based systems. The challenge to
be faced, refers to embedding intelligence into common
electrical objects by enabling these devices to learn and be
smarter becoming more autonomous through sharing and
exchange of data and information with other objects, as well
as the maintenance of reliability following the volatility which
tends to be introduced due to real-world dynamics.
The other major challenge is to cope up with the
heterogeneous platforms of the multiple smart devices that we
plan to implement, by coordinating these devices on the basis
of their relationship with one another, goals achieved and
location requirements also their adaptation to the network of
things. Furthermore, issues with regards to the end-to-end
security and privacy needs to be addressed. Therefore
encryption and prohibition of data theft from these devices are
cardinal to their implementation. Protection from hacking via
the use of firewalls and redundancies need to be incorporated
into these devices. Prevention of system failure is also cardinal
in the implementation of such devices and presence of backup
system software which is to take over in case of a failure is
detrimental.
Additionally the support for scalable data analysis systems
are an important requirement for these kind of systems. The
requirement of processing huge amounts of metadata in real
time is one of the biggest challenges we need to overcome.
A. Design and requirements
This section contains the different subsections where the
design and creation of the prototype together with the
algorithms implementation and its cloud connection are
explained.
The design of the device had to accomplish some requirements
for achieving the final goals
Proposed. Some statements have to be achieved in order to
follow the low-cost, but reliable, final
Device. The requirements for this prototype were:
• The device has to use low-cost components to create
affordable sensor networks of several devices
With a relation cost-quality.
• The device has to have reliability for long-term
measurements.
• The device should have capability to be connected to the
cloud for remote updates of the software
And for sharing results.
• The quality of the measurements has to be enough for
advanced audio parameters’ calculation.
• The device has to have enough computing power to do on-
board calculations.
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• The device has to be able to connect to the peripherals
needed for the purposes of the project
(e.g., a microphone).
• The device has to be able to interpret MATLAB
programming language.
• The sound flow acquisition has to have the less noise inputs
as possible, for avoiding extra
Filtering steps.
• The final device has to be protected against outdoor
conditions using a protective housing.
• The device needs to have different connectivity options (i.e.,
Wi-Fi or Ethernet).
• The distance from the nodes to the power source should be a
maximum of 100 m.
B. The Core: Raspberry Pi
A benefit of using the Raspberry Pi is the possibility of
working under a free operating system. In the case of this
device, a Raspbian distribution , a GNU/Linux OS distribution
for Raspberry Pi, has been used. The algorithms were
developed inMATLAB and compiled in C. The Internet
connection
Of the device also provides the possibility of working
remotely, thanks to the SSH (Secure Shell). Through a
command terminal it is possible to access the device and
update the algorithms, softwaremaintenance tasks or checking
the system can be achieved remotely. ALSA library controls
the
Audio configurations, managing the audio in an optimized
way.
Based on the bandwidth requirements for continuous
information transmission, the board allows different options,
principally Ethernet, Wi-Fi, zigbee or a 3G connection. In the
case of this device and its deployment, the option of the
Ethernet connection was chosen. For farther locations, where
Ethernet connection is not available, the nodes would be
equipped with wireless communication systems and the
powering could come from different sources, such as batteries,
solar panels or connected to an electricity supply, e.g., a
lamppost. The use of a LAN connection in the deployment
instead of a wireless system seeks for two main objectives:
first, while a wireless connection is subject to more
interference than a wired connection, Ethernet cables can be
properly shielded, avoiding these unwanted effects. Although
Ethernet cables can also experience signal degradation, this
problem is easier to manage and avoid, taking into
consideration the maximum distance, of 100 m, for proper
communications and the categories and qualities of the LAN
cables. Secondly, seizing the opportunity of using a cable
network, a POE (Power Over Ethernet) scheme, based on
IEEE 802.3af, for powering
The devices was chosen.
VI. CONCLUSION
Pollution is one the greatest headache of mankind. Due to
pollution, the society is getting infected by diseases, viruses,
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bacteria etc... To keep safe ourselves, we need to take some
actions. In this paper, we are dealing with how to prevent air
pollution and noise pollution.
We are using some sensors, which can detect air pressure,
temperature, Ultra Violet radiation, Air quality, Smoke,
Nitrogen Dioxide in air and Carbon Monoxide in air, noise
level etc… The sensors will sent the collected data to the
cloud. Analyzing the data, a report will be generated. Based on
that report, the action will be taken against pollution.
VII. REFERENCES
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Zettsu, “Managing Heterogeneous Sensor Data on a Big Data
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monitoring and forecasting system”, 2015
[3] Oh, Chang-Se; Seo, Min-Seok; Lee, Jung-Hyuck; Kim, Sang-Hyun;
Kim, Young-Don; Park, Hyun-Ju, “Indoor Air Quality Monitoring
Systems in the IoT Environment”, 2015
[4] Souvik Manna ; Suman Sankar Bhunia ; Nandini Mukherjee,
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[8] R Singh, HN Saha, D Bhattacharyya, PK Banerjee, “Administrator
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