Professional Documents
Culture Documents
B 008379 B
B 008379 B
The objective is a city where people live because they enjoy it – not
because they have to. In the spirit of Smart City Wien, the new
Urban Development Plan STEP 2025 suggests foresighted, intelli-
gent solutions for the future-oriented further development of our
city.
Michael Häupl
Mayor
Maria Vassilakou
Deputy Mayor and Executive City Councillor for
Urban Planning, Traffic &Transport, Climate
Protection, Energy and Public Participation
FOREWORD
STEP 2025
Erich Hechtner
Chief Executive Director
Brigitte Jilka
Director General of Urban Planning,
Development and Construction
Thomas Madreiter
Director of Urban Planning
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
VIENNA:
SETTING
THE STAGE
12
8 POLITICAL
ORIENTATION
UNDERPINNING
STEP 2025
3
2 VIENNA: 4
VIENNA: REACHING VIENNA:
BUILDING BEYOND ITS NETWORKING
THE FUTURE BORDERS THE CITY
34 A HIGH-QUALITY 68 GROWTH AND THE 98 FARSIGHTED, ROBUST
URBAN STRUCTURE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY ARE AND VIABLE FOR
AND MULTIFACETED TRANSFORMING THE SEVERAL GENERATIONS
URBAN LIFE METROPOLITAN REGION
38 2.1 Vienna renews – 72 3.1 Vienna generates prosperity – 100 4.1 Vienna is moving –
the built city a business, science and diversified mobility in 2025
46 2.2 Vienna mobilises land – research hub 112 4.2 Vienna revives –
space for urban growth 86 3.2 Vienna is more – open spaces: green & urban
58 2.3 Vienna transforms – the metropolitan region 124 4.3 Vienna makes
centres and underused areas provisions for the future –
social infrastructure
134 GLOSSARY
8
POLITICAL ORIENTATION UNDERPINNING STEP 2025
A liveable city
9
A city that is good for children to live in is good for all generations
and enables everybody to enjoy life. We also want to extend par-
ticular attention to those who, due to special needs or illness, find
the requirements of everyday life more challenging than other cit-
izens.
The modern city and its cultural heritage are the outcomes of
multiple interactions and expressions of different positions. We
want to continue building the city into the future, without senti-
mentality but with respect for the existing fabric.
10
POLITICAL ORIENTATION UNDERPINNING STEP 2025
The City of Vienna invites new actors able to create manifold types
of use to play a role in urban development. Self-organisation and
civic engagement are welcome complements to established struc-
tures.
11
1
VIENNA:
SETTING
THE STAGE
Establishment of methods
to involve private actors in
infrastructure implementation
Greater professionalisation
and constancy of participation
12
1
At the moment, Vienna is one of the fastest- For STEP 2025, this means setting different
growing metropolises in the German-speaking courses simultaneously in several dimensions.
region, and all signs point to a continuation of this The challenge lies in
dynamic growth process in coming years. Over evolving strategies and instruments of urban
the past 25 years, the city has changed profoundly development so that they not only help to main-
and at the same time held its own in an environ- tain the levels of quality attained, but also allow
ment of fundamental regional and international for new, future-oriented qualities;
transformations – Vienna is vibrant, ambitious, designing economic and infrastructural condi-
attractive and prospering. However, Vienna is also tions to benefit local and international investors
confronted with the frictions and contradictions and developers in a way that permits quick,
resulting from this change – urban everyday life flexible and innovative responses to change
has become more intense, condensed and for while meeting the interests and needs of the
some more stressful; social and societal differ- population;
ences have become more marked and visible, and systematically conditioning the city’s built stock,
public budgets are under pressure. In all and (open) spaces and ecological status so as to
compared to international standards, however, allow high-quality growth that preserves what
Vienna remains a highly liveable and, more speci- is valuable, renews what is obsolete and trans-
fically, also a very affordable city – a status that forms the outdated;
must be preserved and further developed. creating a stable social balance in the city and
further establishing diversity and equality of
It is certainly not a matter of course that ongoing women and men as key principles for the use
change and challenges should go hand in hand and development of the city;
with social integration, high urban quality and emphasising the importance of urban develop-
social balance. Vienna’s urban development in the ment as a collective responsibility and co-
next ten to fifteen years will take place in an operative task of politics, economy and citizenry
environment of conflicting interests that is char- and thus designing the processes of planning,
acterised by intensified economic competition, managing and implementing urban develop-
dynamic population growth and high investment ment in a participatory and efficient manner.
demand in the face of scarce resources. Opting
for urban quality in this context is an ambitious
project.
13
1 VIENNA: SETTING THE STAGE
14
WHERE FROM? WHERE TO? VIENNA ON THE MOVE
Fig. 1:
Demographic development of Vienna
from 1910 to 2025
Source: Statistics Austria; own diagram
1910
2.084,000
1995
1.543,000
2013
1.741,000
2025
1.910,000
Fig. 2:
Population forecast in scenarios
Source: Statistics Austria; own diagram
2013 2025
1.5
1.0
1995
2001
2007
2013
2019
2025
15
1 VIENNA: SETTING THE STAGE
16
WHERE FROM? WHERE TO? VIENNA ON THE MOVE
+ 162,454 + 65,190
- 97,264
+ 82,232 + 34,750
- 47,482
TURKEY
+ 32,756 + 18,238
- 14,518
OTHER COUNTRIES
+ 118,361 + 39,539
- 78,822
AUSTRIA
+ 63,846
- 84,059 - 20,213
Fig. 4:
Employed workers in Vienna
in 2012 (in 1,000)
Source: Federal Ministry of Labour,
Social Affairs and Consumer Protection
(bmask.gv.at); own diagram
Public Telecommunications
administration PUBLIC SECTOR 246.6 37.2 SERVICES OF Electricity
Education GENERAL INTEREST Water
Safety Transport
and security ...
Health
...
142.4 SERVICES FOR Trade
END CONSUMERS Food service industry
Art
...
CONSTRUCTION 58.2
SECTOR SERVICES FOR Financial services
END CONSUMERS AND Insurance
INTERMEDIATE Real estate
117.3 CONSUMPTION ...
18
WHERE FROM? WHERE TO? VIENNA ON THE MOVE
Continuing to build the city Until 2025 or thereabouts, inner-city urban devel-
opment (by completing existing neighbourhoods
To this day, Vienna enjoys the privilege of being and utilising large-scale inner-city zones suit-
able to draw on fundamental systems of good able for development, e. g. the former Northern
urbanism and infrastructure that were designed and Northwestern Railway Stations, etc.) as
for a metropolis with more than 2 million inhabit- well as existing urban expansion potentials com-
ants already over a century ago. In periods of prise sufficient space to meet the demand for
stagnation or slow growth, this basic fabric was new building land. However, in order to ensure
partly modernised and complemented with far high-quality and affordable development of a city
sighted infrastructure projects such as Danube beyond this scope, structural measures must
Island, making it possible to “absorb” growth rela- already be taken today. For this reason, urban
tively easily despite rising quality standards. A development planning is focusing on issues of
wide range of measures, e. g. the modernisation long-term design of potential settlement areas,
and upgrading of Vienna’s Underground network, the upgrading and networking of green spaces,
the construction of new campuses and the plan- the creation of strong urban sub-centres, the
ning of new urban quarters, moreover provide for agreement of measures with neighbouring muni-
the immediate future. cipalities as well as municipal land and infra-
structure policy.
However, as a result of continued growth and
changing needs of the modern economy and
urban society, some urban planning issues –
ranging from the siting of future settlement struc-
tures, production facilities and open spaces to
the co-operative shaping of the metropolitan
region – are posed anew or acquire novel import-
ance and urgency and demand rapid solutions.
STEP 2025 focuses on these long-term require-
ments, prepares strategic decisions and guide
lines and initiates the necessary spatial, financial
and technical planning work. The European finan-
cial crisis, which is also leaving its mark at the
national and municipal levels, certainly does not
render the project of successful urban and metro-
politan regional development any easier. This
calls all the more for close co-operation between
the Federal Republic of Austria and the City of
Vienna as well as for the Republic’s willingness
to provide the necessary funds for further devel-
opment of the metropolitan region. After all,
strong metropolitan regions are guarantors of the
competitiveness of national economies, especially
under difficult macroeconomic frame conditions.
19
1 VIENNA: SETTING THE STAGE
20
PRINCIPLES OF VIENNA’S FUTURE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
A LIVEABLE CITY
For the Viennese, quality of life also means that Vienna embraces the tradition of European
the city will remain affordable despite its manifold cities that support upward mobility and social
qualities – compared with other Western European justice. The “Viennese Model” assumes respon-
metropolises, Vienna still offers this advantage. sibility for the provision of efficient infrastructure,
The United Nations recently declared Vienna the municipal services and, in particular, for afford-
“most prosperous city in the world“, since it does able housing, thereby preventing segregation and
not only score with regard to infrastructure and pro- facilitating a good social mix. Despite increasing-
ductivity, but also in the fields of sustainability and ly tight public budgets, Vienna regards it as its
distributive justice. Above all with respect to hous- task to safeguard and further develop quality
ing, Vienna remains one of Europe’s most affordable standards in the fields of housing, infrastructure
cities despite rising prices in the private housing and municipal services by drawing on smart solu-
market. To keep this position, social housing con- tions so as to ensure accessibility for all popula-
struction must represent a key pillar of housing pro- tion groups. Social justice also involves planning
vision in the future as well and in particular must the city in a way that ensures that all residents,
also offer attractive and affordable options for irrespective of their income, can enjoy high-qual-
lower-income households. ity building culture and urban aesthetics.
21
1 VIENNA: SETTING THE STAGE
A GENDER-EQUITABLE CITY
For many years, Vienna has been offering ex- Vienna is committed to a gender-sensitive
cellent frame conditions for gender equity. As a quality assurance process in planning since
key prerequisite for the compatibility of work and planned and designed environments strongly
family duties, the Austrian capital provides the impact the quality of everyday life and living
country’s densest network of free-of-charge child- opportunities of all inhabitants. This means taking
care facilities, a steadily growing range of public systematic account of the different needs and
schools with whole-day care and a high density life realities of women and men at all levels of
of women-specific counselling points and advance- planning and hence implementing the principles
ment programmes. Vienna has met with interna- of gender-sensitive planning geared to the
tional acclaim for the thematic breadth and meth- requirements of every life (Manual “Gender
odological depth of its gender-sensitive planning Mainstreaming in Urban Planning and Urban Devel-
approaches, since a robust urban structure allows opment”).
for a great variety of use, creates leeway for action
for its inhabitants and also supports the goal of
rendering the social gender roles of women and
men equally permeable and flexible.
AN EDUCATING CITY
In our age of the service and knowledge society, For integrative urban planning, it is therefore
education, training, vocational qualification and highly relevant to create preconditions to ensure
lifelong learning constitute vital prerequisites for the that a maximum number of children and young
social and economic development of a city and are people will enjoy education and vocational training
moreover key factors for individual life chances, of a good standard. Every child must be given a
equal opportunities and self-determined action by fair start in life. For this reason, Vienna is com-
citizens. Well-trained specialised personnel as well mitted to the ongoing, demand-oriented upgrad-
as newcomers to the labour market are essential ing of educational services and establishments
for the economic development and future of our and provides space for “good learning places”.
city, its enterprises and companies. Future-oriented Interesting and useful educational facilities are
urban development and successful educational an undeniable location asset, contribute signifi
policies are closely intertwined and reinforce each cantly to enhancing urban quality of life and render
other. a city attractive.
22
PRINCIPLES OF VIENNA’S FUTURE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
A COSMOPOLITAN CITY
International mobility attracts people of varying Vienna views the diversity of its population as
educational attainments, different cultural and a key development factor that will continue to
social backgrounds and multifaceted migration his- render the city attractive for talented people from
tories to Vienna. With the Vienna Charter , the all over the world, international investment,
city has set itself a framework for respectful coex- pioneering research institutions and international
istence, mutual appreciation and a climate of social organisations. Urban development takes account
cohesion. of the needs, different lifestyles and interests
of newcomers. In addition to housing, though, it is
also essential to provide space for ethnic econ
omies and social networks of individual immi
grant groups as well as public spaces that “work”
for all and fulfil different requirements for the
smooth living together of all groups.
A PROSPEROUS CITY
EU statistics classify Vienna in the 10th place among Vienna wants to make use of the current
the most prosperous European regions. Economic- transformation process to strengthen its position
ally speaking, hardly any other European region has as an economic hub. It is a task of urban devel
been able over the past 25 years to benefit as much opment to provide favourable conditions for a
from the coalescence of Europe as the metropol- wealth of different enterprises ranging from
itan region of Vienna. Numerous internationally ac industrial production companies to the creative
tive corporations have chosen Vienna as their invest- industries, e. g. by fostering existing and develop-
ment target or location of supraregional headquar- ing new industrial and commercial areas, propos-
ters. Moreover, productivity has likewise developed ing novel mixes of office and housing estates,
positively in recent years. While this still was a weak offering m
odern logistics solutions or adopting
point as late as in the 1980s, the efficiency increases cluster strategies.
of individual economic sectors are now clearly above
the European average. Conversely, Vienna has to
a certain degree also been affected by the interna-
tional financial and economic crisis (although the
city’s economy has proven comparatively resistant),
and structural change has entailed a dramatic
decrease of workplaces in the industrial sector.
23
1 VIENNA: SETTING THE STAGE
Together with the “core city” Vienna, the entire Vienna is committed to an agglomeration
urban agglomeration is growing as well, connecting policy based on partnership in co-operation
to the Slovak capital Bratislava, which is located with neighbouring municipalities, the Federal
at a distance of only 60 kilometres, ( Metropolitan Provinces of Lower Austria and Burgenland, but
region, Agglomeration, Stadtregion +). Both the also with the centres across national borders,
organisation of cross-border traffic and the joint above all with Bratislava and Brno. Successful
positioning in the international competition between management of this metropolitan region means
metropolitan regions as business locations call not only the intelligent organisation of problem-
primarily for co-operation. atic issues like commuter traffic, but also calls
for the development of concepts and management
instruments for the viable and integrated evolu-
tion of the entire agglomeration.
AN ECOLOGICAL CITY
Growth ensures competitiveness and prosperity but For this reason, Vienna opts for a sustain-
normally also entails rising energy and land con- ability strategy that comprises both the sparing
sumption as well as increasing traffic volumes. use of natural resources and the targeted devel-
These challenges must be dealt with in accord with opment of urban infrastructure facilities, which
ambitious objectives of climate and environmental are essential prerequisites to allow for (and
protection. Cities have proven the most efficient render attractive) resource-preserving lifestyles
type of settlement with regard to their “ecological and sustainable corporate governance. Thus
footprint” – if the goals of sustainable and future- Vienna clearly prioritises public transport, walking
oriented development are systematically pursued. and cycling over car traffic. Natural resources
like land, water, air and biodiversity are treated
with the utmost care. The energy demand of built
structures is kept as low as possible, and renew-
able energy carriers and resources are put to
optimum use on-site. Vienna views sustainability
as an investment strategy and driver of innovation
and development. ( Smart City Wien - STEP´s
contribution to making the city fit for the future)
24
PRINCIPLES OF VIENNA’S FUTURE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
A PARTICIPATORY CITY
The demands of inhabitants to codetermine their Vienna views co-operation with the population
living environment in keeping with their interests as an opportunity to develop optimised and viable
and needs find expression in a great variety of ini urbanistic solutions. The Urban Development
tiatives. Formats such as Local Agenda 21, Gebiets- Plan singles out participation as a special focus:
betreuung Stadterneuerung (Urban Renewal Offices) binding guidelines for participatory procedures
or Stadtteilmanagements (Neighbourhood Manage- are to set out a clearcut framework for future
ment Offices) create the framework for close inter- processes of this kind for the purpose of urban
connections with urban planning processes. Today, development (e.g. Master Plan for Participatory
urban development would be unthinkable without Urban Development); in many areas, too, new
the transparent information and active involvement instruments need to be formulated. The prime
of the citizens affected. principles of communication between city and
citizens are mutual respect, the willingness to
learn and transparency of decision-making paths.
( Governance as an opportunity for the joint devel-
opment of cities)
25
1 VIENNA: SETTING THE STAGE
26
GOVERNANCE AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR THE JOINT DEVELOPMENT OF CI TIES
27
1 VIENNA: SETTING THE STAGE
28
GOVERNANCE AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR THE JOINT DEVELOPMENT OF CI TIES
particular of suburban zones with neighbouring Co-operation – at city, district and local levels
municipalities – suggests the idea of testing
collaborative ventures patterned after the target Vienna’s urban structure benefits from its diverse
area concept in regional co-operation spaces with areas and traits reflected in the city’s districts
special development potentials or specific chal- and neighbourhoods. This variety and different
lenges – involving the municipal districts affected, situations prevailing in urban areas are decisive
the neighbouring municipalities and the Federal for potential local developments. However, they
Province of Lower Austria ( 3.2 Vienna is more – also reveal that there can be no one-size-fits-all
the metropolitan region). solutions for local developments. STEP controls
the concerns of the city as a whole by defining
attitudes and strategies and “gets the ball rolling”
Co-operation – as a catalyst of development by launching pioneering initiatives. However,
“on the ground”, as it were, when the task lies in
Cities are top-end products of socio-cultural evo proposing concrete on-site solutions, local com-
lution: the formation and evolution of cities have petencies by directly involved individuals count
always been the outcome of significant collec- most of all. This is where Vienna’s municipal
tive achievements of human society. The active districts play an important role. This calls both for
involvement of the urban society hence offers the optimised involvement of municipal districts
an opportunity to use the innovative force of the in urban planning processes and for suitable sup-
city as the sum total of the ideas, know-how and port of the districts in their own planning work
experience of all its actors to become the “cata- with regard to the superordinate or overall muni-
lyst” of development. cipal planning context. The target area manage-
ment introduced with STEP 2005 is a milestone
Towards this purpose, STEP also wants to initi- for the further development of urban planning
ate new partnerships. Vienna is aware that con instruments at the level of neighbourhood and
temporary urban development is no longer the urban quarter planning. This instrument is to be
sole task of regulatory public authorities: rather, complemented by further expertises – also at
Vienna regards governance as a process that short notice – at district level.
not only entails fine-tuned actions on the part of
different political departments and administrative Urban Renewal Offices as well as social and cul-
units. Governance also means understanding tural initiatives likewise make important contri
public institutions and private enterprises, land butions towards urban design at the local level.
owners and investors, organised civil society For example, neighbourhood cultural or intercul-
and individual citizens as stakeholders who have tural activities (to mention just two) have proven
vested interests in determining future develop- very effective: Aktionsradius Augarten, Palais
ments and are willing to influence these develop- Kabelwerk, Sargfabrik or Soho Ottakring are well-
ments through their own commitment. For this known, successful projects. This great variety
reason, STEP does not only address those whose goes to show that shared objectives of strategic
daily work is urban planning but rather proposes urban planning and co-operative decision-making
models of designing the city by sharing respons- based on these objectives are of vital importance.
ibility between public administration and indi-
vidual interests – but always for the benefit of the
common good.
29
1 VIENNA: SETTING THE STAGE
30
GOVERNANCE AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR THE JOINT DEVELOPMENT OF CI TIES
31
1 VIENNA: SETTING THE STAGE
Fig. 5:
STEP as a strategic framework;
Source: own diagram
THEMATIC CONCEPT
MASTER PLAN
32
STEP AS A STARTING-POINT
The development will not stop in 2025. Analog- Central frame conditions, such as the further
ously to demographic forecasts, STEP exceeds course of demographic or economic development,
its self-imposed time horizon and points out can never be predicted with total accuracy; new
projects that due to their drawn-out lead time – instruments may prove more or less efficient;
e. g. infrastructure projects – must be launched initiatives may be more or less precisely oriented;
already today to set the right course for a Vienna partnerships may turn out more or less viable.
with 2 million inhabitants. Against this backdrop, an ongoing monitoring
and reflection process will clarify to what degree
Regarding its “internal” effect, STEP constitutes the planned initiatives can be successfully imple-
a binding guideline for urban policy and admin mented and in how far the aimed-for results were
istration and a strategic orientation for muni- actually attained.
cipal enterprises. It serves as the basis for all
future regulations and measures concerning As a consequence of the evaluation outcomes,
the spatial development of the city – from build- STEP will be updated, adjusted and complement-
ing stock management or the newly defined reha ed, if need be, in the spirit of a permanent learn-
bilitation target areas of wohnfonds_wien ing process in order to be able to react adequate-
to the definition of future urban expansion areas, ly to new challenges or development opportu-
from infrastructure planning to open space design. nities: this may comprise both the revision of
STEP sets out the strategic framework, while vital objectives (e. g. modal split objectives) or the
detailed planning work and concrete specialisa- adaptation of strategic orientations and the for-
tions are the tasks of subordinate thematic con- mulation or further development (or abandon-
cepts addressing specific aspects, of urbanistic ment) of instruments, initiatives and measures.
concepts and master plans as well as of land
use and development plans based on the specifi
cations of STEP. Finally, STEP also spells out
Vienna’s strategies underlying future programmes
and subsidies, in particular if these are provided
by the European Union (e. g. programme “Investi-
tionen in Wachstum und Beschäftigung Österreich
2014-2020”; Investing in Growth and Employment
in Austria 2014-2020).
33
2
VIENNA:
BUILDING
THE FUTURE
A HIGH-QUALITY
URBAN STRUCTURE
AND MULTIFACETED
URBAN LIFE
Strengthening of
polycentric urban structure
34
2
Population growth, novel demands of (city) utili
sation and economic change will alter Vienna’s
spatial structure over the coming years: “blind
spots” in the urban tissue that were formerly
used as industrial zones and traffic surfaces –
such as the big plots of the former railway sta-
tions Nordbahnhof and Nordwestbahnhof – are
gradually transformed into fully-fledged urban
quarters. Peripheral locations are brought closer
to “the city” and hence become more urban due
to public and private investments in housing,
industry and commerce, public space and mobility
infrastructure. Through targeted urbanistic inter-
ventions, the still often monofunctional housing
estates of the 1950s to 1970s will assume new
tasks and develop more varied and urban quali
ties. In the Gründerzeit quarters of Vienna, reha
bilitation and discreet new construction projects
lead to further possibilities of quality upgrades
and the interlacing of old and new. All this is done
in full respect of the valuable architectural heri
tage of Vienna while leaving sufficient leeway for
novel developments.
35
2 VIENNA: BUILDING THE FUTURE
36
Fig. 6:
Provision of 120,000 housing units
(from 2014 to 2025)
Source: Urban Planning Vienna;
own diagram
55%
NEW STRUCTURES ERECTED
ON AREAS IDENTIFIED FOR POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
10% 8%
MODIFIED USE OF AREAS HITHERTO NOT CONSIDERED
EXISTING BUILDINGS, FOR DEVELOPMENT
MOBILISATION AND CONVERSION
27%
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF
EXISTING BUILDING STOCK
37
2 VIENNA: BUILDING THE FUTURE
VIENNA RENEWS
38
39
2 VIENNA: BUILDING THE FUTURE
40
THE BUILT CITY 2.1
DA–IK
FOCUS
41
2 VIENNA: BUILDING THE FUTURE
THE BUILT CITY 2.1
DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT
& HIGH-QUALITY URBANITY
43
2 VIENNA: BUILDING THE FUTURE
In the built-up parts of the city, Vienna aims to improve the avail-
ability of open spaces, social facilities and mobility offerings in
targeted fashion and will have to create new space for housing,
trade and recreation by converting brownfields and gaps between
DEVELOPMENT buildings, refurbishing attics and adding storeys. Moreover, the
upgrading of ground-floor zones generates positive impulses for
MANAGEMENT urban vibrancy as well as new opportunities for commercial,
& HIGH-QUALITY social, cultural and community activities.
URBANITY
FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE
The upgrading of structures from the 1950s to 1970s The City of Vienna (Administrative Group for Housing,
calls for in-depth analyses and an evaluation of the Housing Construction and Urban Renewal & Administrative
different locations as well as, starting from this, for Group for Urban Planning, Traffic & Transport, Climate
customised concepts for architectural and functional Protection, Energy and Public Participation) is developing an
improvements. Based on the time-tried model of Action Plan 50/60/70 that inter alia covers the following
“gentle urban renewal”, an action plan provides super- aspects:
ordinate guidelines by describing urban development I proposals for strategic development planning that takes
opportunities, growth potentials and the necessary account of growth potentials, economic limitations and
processes and process qualities for the implementa- opportunities, residents’ interests as well as socio-polit-
tion of quality improvements. ( Fig. 8: Mission State- ical and architectural goals (according to the Arch4579
ment for Urban Development “Further development of evaluation method).
areas mainly characterised by 1950s to 1970s structures”) I definition of participation standards for residents and
abutters.
I singling out of pilot projects that provide an exemplary
overview of the added value of quality improvements and
the concentration of various types of use in one site.
Integration of comprehensive energetic balance improve-
ments into the further development of housing estates
from the 1950s to the 1970s (> 2.2 Vienna mobilises land -
space for urban growth - Iniative: Integrated energy and spatial
planning)
44
THE BUILT CITY 2.1
45
2 VIENNA: BUILDING THE FUTURE
46
47
2 VIENNA: BUILDING THE FUTURE
48
SPACE FOR URBAN GROWTH 2.2
DA–IK
SPACE ACTIVATION
PUBLIC SPACE AND
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Efficient urban growth management
means rendering the existing space The demographic changes in Vienna also
potentials available and developing entail novel requirements to be met by
them. A key precondition for this lies in public space. Changed lifestyles and
the ability to enforce public interests new forms of use must be responded to.
in land purchases while taking account Public space is to encourage everyday
of justified private interests. For this movement through the city, communica-
purpose, existing legal bases, proced- tion and encounters and should allow
ures and instruments must be corres- for lingering and relaxation. Corres-
pondingly refined. pondingly high-quality, multifaceted and
FOCUS
49
2 VIENNA: BUILDING THE FUTURE
SPACE FOR URBAN GROWTH 2.2
Development zones
51
2 VIENNA: BUILDING THE FUTURE
52
SPACE FOR URBAN GROWTH 2.2
FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE
LAND MOBILISATION
FOR URBAN GROWTH
Instruments for land mobilisation and for the improved control of urban devel-
opment are systematically applied and evolved, e. g. by means of reallocation (also
for grassland), the earmarking of plots as building land for only limited periods,
urban development agreements, the land use category “Housing construction eligible
for subsidisation” and the possibility of defining access and supply structures
in development areas even prior to zoning provisions or at least before a detailed
planning concept is available.
Complementary creation and optimisation of public legal instruments for land
mobilisation to provide for land and ownership structures that allow for develop-
ment and the implementation of infrastructure measures in due time.
Focusing of public investments on land that can indeed be mobilised for devel-
opment (e. g. properties owned by the City of Vienna, its funds and enterprises
or plots owned by partners interested in their development).
In order to ensure the synchronisation of public investments in development
areas and hence to support the accelerated realisation of the necessary develop-
ment ventures, suitable mechanisms for the disbursement of the required public
monies must be prepared.
Urban development projects are to be regarded more strongly as self-contained,
economically attractive and calculable investments. Rules, rights and obligations
of all actors must be duly formulated.
Implementation of building land monitoring in consultation with the municipal
departments concerned in order to keep an eye on the availability of plots and
the development and realisation status of land mobilisation.
To continue ensuring efficient supply with affordable, high-quality housing, the
processes related to zoning and land use planning and “two-tiered developers’
competitions” are to be fine-tuned even more intensively. This is to further the
efficient harmonisation of the objectives and quality standards of urban design
with those of subsidised housing construction.
Continued effect analysis of instruments and strategies applied.
LONG-TERM URBAN
DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE
Vienna is preparing for all necessary urban develop- Use of building land monitoring for the ongoing analysis
ments of the future, even going beyond 2025. Housing, of space requirements against the backdrop of demographic
business and infrastructure projects to be imple and economic development.
mented between 2025 and 2035 must be initialised in If the monitoring process reveals corresponding demand:
time to allow for high-quality planning processes and I definition of spatial development potentials for urban
resource-conserving urban development fine-tuned growth beyond 2025.
with infrastructure planning (e. g. in the environs of I development and application of suitable instruments for
high-level public transport facilities) and the long-term creating land reserves (> 2.2 Vienna mobilises land – space
objectives of grassland and agricultural space protec- for urban growth – Flagship iniative: Land mobilisation for
tion. Decisions regarding the necessity of developing urban growth).
these potentialities are taken on the basis of ongoing I strategic land purchases by municipal institutions.
building land monitoring. ( 2.2 Vienna mobilises I together with partners from the environs of Vienna and the
land – space for urban growth – Flagship iniative: Land urban region: development and fine-tuning of proposals
mobilisation for urban growth) for land, settlement and infrastructure development in the
urban region.
53
2 VIENNA: BUILDING THE FUTURE
Urban mixed-use approaches – i. e. the combination of Implementation of settlement types that allow for the
housing with other types of use −, high-quality den- development of compact, mixed, walkable and cycling-
sities and low resource consumption are becoming key friendly neighbourhoods (even at the urban periphery) with
criteria for construction projects and ventures. Future well-integrated supply facilities and family-oriented housing
urban expansion projects for development axes along types while taking account of the principles of gender main-
high-level public transport corridors should there- streaming.
fore predominantly reflect densities of a minimum net “Development of requirement profiles for public space”
floorspace ratio ( NFSR) of 1.5; in the environs of for all urban expansion measures (taking account of ground-
high-level public transport, the minimum NFSR should floor zones).
be 2.5. With especially positive location factors, higher Identification and adaptation of regulations and objectives
densities are possible on a case-by-case basis in that can be influenced by the City of Vienna to allow for the
some areas in the context of high-rise developments comprehensive implementation of high-quality densities.
( High-rise Concept). However, all projects must be Implementation of innovative mobility concepts together
assessed in context with existing local conditions (e. g. with project developers.
transition zones to existing, less concentrated or lower Definition of minimum ground-floor ceiling heights in
built structures with stable types of use or construc- suitable locations to support the development of mixed-use
tion projects adjoining historic villages cores). structures in keeping with Gründerzeit principles.
Intensified information and participation of citizens and
abutters on the basis of the principles embodied in the par
ticipation manual “Praxisbuch Partizipation”, which are in
their turn condensed and concretised in the Master Plan for
Participatory Urban Development.
Development, testing and monitoring of the effects of new
technologies for buildings, energy and information networks,
storage and control systems as well as smart mobility in
selected pilot areas (e. g. in the context of Aspern Smart City
Research GmbH – ASCR).
54
SPACE FOR URBAN GROWTH 2.2
Fig. 7:
Net floorspace ratio of housing projects in decreasing order,
from top left to bottom right.
Wohnhausanlage Katharinengasse – 2.8
Spittelberg – approx. 2.5
Autofreie Mustersiedlung (Nordmanngasse) – 2.5
Rabenhof – 2.0
Wohnen am Laaer Wald (Moselgasse) – 1.6
Hietzinger Cottage (Elsslergasse) – approx. 1.5
Hofbebauung Oberlaa (Kurt-Tichy-Gasse) – 1.5
Siedlung am Park – Kabelwerk (Thorvaldsengasse) – 1.4
Wohnhäuser am Mühlweg – 1.4
55
2 VIENNA: BUILDING THE FUTURE
DEVELOPMENT ZONES
To safeguard the efficient, high-quality implementation Formulation of modalities to define development zones.
of large-scale urban development projects, the City Setting-up of development zones, e. g. by making use
of Vienna will apply the principle of “one-stop urban of the results of target area management and other multi-
development” in potential development zones. Inspired neighbourhood planning and development processes to
by successful existing models (e. g. Wien 3420 Aspern launch development zones.
Development AG, U2 Stadtentwicklung GmbH), devel- Use and development of new land mobilisation instru-
opment management offices are set up in suitable ments. (> 2.2 Vienna mobilises land – space for urban growth
areas for the interdepartmental realisation of projects – Flagship iniative: Land mobilisation for urban growth)
and the formal, contractual definition of both rights Creation of an organisational and – if need be – legal
and contributions of the public sector, land owners and basis for work in development zones: e. g. by means of new,
investors. Development zones are to leave space for more flexible zoning methods, PPP financing models, flexi
initiatives and ideas of different interest groups and in bility in such fields as structural engineering, building use
this way feed a new dose of creativity into development and organisational modes as well as by establishing corre
processes. sponding administrative competencies.
56
SPACE FOR URBAN GROWTH 2.2
INTEGRATED ENERGY
AND SPATIAL PLANNING
Spatial and energy planning are combined at the Development of a thematic concept for Integrated energy
neighbourhood level in one joint process in order to and spatial planning that includes the capturing of funda-
find optimised infrastructure and energy system mental spatial and energetic data, coefficients for energy
solutions adapted to a specific site. The objectives: efficiency, renewable energy resources and CO2, the develop-
avoidance of CO2 emissions, increased energy effi- ment of energy-space typologies, the definition of planning
ciency, economic viability, supply security, use of re- processes, planning content, control models and a list of
newable energy resources on-site, intelligent and actors to be involved.
optimised use of grid-bound energy resources (e. g. Development of energy concepts for new neighbourhoods
decentralised heating networks, waste heat etc.) and urban quarters. This also addresses questions of land
and storage of energy to optimise local potentials. and space requirements for the upgrading of the energy
Coefficients for energy efficiency, renewable energy infrastructure and, if required, is fine-tuned with partners
resources and CO2 emissions are to provide a basis for from the environs of Vienna.
defining a scope for action and planning. This integrat- Development of a smart city quarter manual. On the basis
ed approach calls for interdisciplinary collaboration of coefficients for energy efficiency, renewable energy re-
and the balancing of thematically specific goals and sources and CO2 as well as of energy-space typologies, the
plans of the City of Vienna. Moreover, the Austrian cap- manual is to break down requirements for networked urban
ital is looking for partnerships with experts, enter- quarters to an operative “quarter/plot” level.
prises, scientists and researchers in the fields of spa- Integration of holistic energy and spatial planning into
tial and urban planning, energy, traffic and transport, ongoing planning processes.
supply and waste disposal, public space and green Development of a model for the implementation of energy
space. The City of Vienna’s current goals and concepts concepts on a contractual basis.
of energy and climate protection provide the planning Linking of the numerous initiatives to enhance energy
framework. efficiency in the urban region.
57
2 VIENNA: BUILDING THE FUTURE
VIENNA TRANSFORMS
58
59
2 VIENNA: BUILDING THE FUTURE
60
CENTRES AND UNDERUSED AREAS 2.3
MULTIFUNCTIONALITY
LOCATION DEVELOPMENT
Existing and future city and neighbour-
hood centres are areas of special impor
tance for both inhabitants and the real-
estate business. Successfully developed
locations and real-estate projects render
urban life more attractive – conversely,
real-estate speculations may also impede
desirable developments, e. g. if competi-
tion by shopping malls damages small-
scale retail shops or speculators cause
land prices to mushroom. For this reason,
urban design needs centre develop-
ment concepts and instruments that are
customised for each location and aim
for economic viability and improvement
of the common good.
61
2 VIENNA: BUILDING THE FUTURE
CENTRES AND UNDERUSED AREAS 2.3
MULTI-
MULTIFUNCTIONALITY
AS A PRINCIPLE
Urbanised!
63
2 VIENNA: BUILDING THE FUTURE
FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE
Polycentric urban development requires strategic con- Based on the model of Vienna’s centre structure (> Fig. 8:
trol to result in the “right” architectural structures, Mission Statement for Urban Development), the City of Vienna
urban types of use and functionalities to emerge in the joins forces with the municipal districts and partners from
“right” locations. The sustainable viability of central the world of business to develop a centre concept that con-
functions is contingent on urban structures of archi- cretises patterns of space utilisation and intervention levels
tectural design and use that generate lively places, on for urban development (e. g. as guidelines for locating pub-
the networking of sub-centres and on optimised traffic lic institutions, optimising the public transport network and
and transport connections. design requirements for architecture and open spaces).
Definition of priority locations for the drafting of detailed
centre development concepts. (> Fig. 8: Mission Statement for
Urban Development "Sub-centre requiring further develop-
ment")
64
CENTRES AND UNDERUSED AREAS 2.3
URBANISED!
Urbanised! stands for the objective of finding the best Analysis/identification of compaction potentials in the
possible use for urban structures in the entire city catchment areas of high-level public transport modes to
region. This includes well-developed areas which today support the development of urban-spatial structures, local
serve only one single function or which are character- centres and points of identification.
ised by a mix of suburbs, commerce and trade, village In case of interest on the part of actors in the environs,
elements and single-family homes and often fare such projects may also be simultaneously implemented
poorly with regard to service providers and shopping along S-Bahn (commuter train) axes (keyword: “pearl neck-
options. Heavily trafficked transit and transport axes lace” principle of urban development) or in the catchment
such as Brünner Strasse, Prager Strasse or Triester- area of Underground lines in the context of city-environs
strasse come into focus here and could, if necessary, mobility partnerships (> 3.2 Vienna is more – the metropolitan
be dealt with in co-operative, cross-cutting fashion. region)
( 3.2 Vienna is more – the metropolitan region – Iniative: Initiative City-environs mobility partnerships. (> 3.2
Regional co-operation spaces) For these locations Vienna is more – the metropolitan region – Iniative: City-
and urban zones, the City of Vienna is developing an environs mobility partnerships)
urbanistic perspective to enrich them with novel func- Formulation of strategies and pilot projects for the
tions and forms of use. ( 2.1 Vienna renews – the urbanistic and functional upgrading of no longer adequate
built city – Vienna’s strategy for the built city) commercial and industrial areas and for the improved use of
existing single-storey commercial properties and large
parking lots.
Development of a “more than just roads” concept, which
comprises strategies and measures for the urbanistic and
architectural re-evaluation of transit and arterial roads.
65
Development Further development
of areas mainly characterised by Gründerzeit building stock of areas mainly characterised by 1950s to 1970s structures
Areas with development potential Zone for enterprises not suitable for mixed use
for housing and workplaces
66
STEP 2025
67
3
VIENNA:
REACHING
BEYOND ITS
BORDERS
GROWTH AND THE
KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY ARE
TRANSFORMING THE
METROPOLITAN REGION
Provision of top-quality
infrastructure and quality of life
68
3
69
3 VIENNA: REACHING BEYOND ITS BORDERS
70
Fig. 9:
Source: German Federal Institute
for Research on Building, Urban
Affairs and Spatial Development
(BBSR) 2010; visualisation: MA 18
METROPOLITAN REGIONS
IN EUROPE
Helsinki
St.Petersburg
Oslo
Stockholm
Glasgow Moskva
Newcastle
Manchester-Liverpool Kobenhavn-Malmö
Dublin
Leeds
Sheffield
S
Minsk
Nottingham
Birmingham Hamburg
Groningen
Bremen
remen
Cardiff-Bristol Randstad
Hannover Berlin Poznan
Southampton Eiindh Maas-Rhein
Eindhoven Warszawa
G
Gent Goetingen
London Lille Bruxelles Leipzig
Rhein-Ruhr Dresden Wroclaw Kiyev
Rhein-Main
Praha Krakow
Luxembourg Rhein-Neckar
Nuernberg
Brno
Paris Stuttgart
Basel
Wien-Bratislava
München Budapest Chisinau
Zürich
Lyon
Verona
a Zagreb
Torino Venezia-Padova
Bilbao Milano Parma Beograd Bucuresti
Toulouse Genova Bologna
Porto Marseille-Toulon Firenze
Sofija
Istanbul
Madrid Barcelona
Roma
Lisboa
Bari
Ankara
Valencia
Napoli
Sevilla
Athina
71
3 VIENNA: REACHING BEYOND ITS BORDERS
VIENNA GENERATES
PROSPERITY
72
73
3 VIENNA: REACHING BEYOND ITS BORDERS
74
A BUSINESS, SCIENCE AND RESEARCH HUB 3.1
As a biotechnology and ICT location, Vienna has leading congress cities on a global scale. How-
become a member of Europe’s elite locations; ever, tourism not only means customers and
since 1991, the level of employment in the field of turnover for the food service industry, retail trade
knowledge-intensive business and financial ser- and high-quality hotel projects, but also contrib-
vices – so essential for urban agglomerations – utes significantly to the authentic positioning
has increased by 66 percent. As a result, Vienna of Vienna as an international metropolis, helps
has established itself among the top ten of Euro- to preserve Vienna’s impressive cultural heritage
pean metropolises in this sector. For many years, and further develops contemporary culture.
the city has been a top player among worldwide
conference destinations; Vienna’s office market Agriculture plays a special role in this context –
offers one of the best price/value ratios in Europe; Vienna is the only worldwide metropolis with
and Vienna is an interesting investment target an agricultural sector of noteworthy dimensions.
for international enterprises. In addition, Vienna While the number of workers in the sector is
is a smart city that scores with its high level of relatively small (4,000 persons), the areas under
urban technologies and investment options for cultivation is sizable. Some crops, such as wine,
research- and technology-driven companies. fruit and vegetables or organic farming, not only
While the number of enterprises and employees turn a profit but at the same time fulfil other
in the production sector has been declining, the important functions like identity creation, supply
economic value added has remained unaltered. At with fresh produce, provision with urban leisure
the same time, a successful internationalisation opportunities and ecological aspects. A binding
push as the result of high productivity and inno basis for agricultural development perspectives is
vative skills can be observed. The export orienta- provided by the Agricultural-structural Develop
tion of Vienna’s industrial enterprises is contin ment Plan . The plan contains a delimitation of
uously increasing and performs outstandingly all areas reserved for agriculture and proposes
compared to other parts of the country. Moreover, measures to ensure the continued cultivation of
Vienna is the economic centre of a prospering these zones.
urban region; public services and administrative
institutions play a correspondingly important role. The needs and marked dynamism of modern
In brief: structural change towards a knowledge urban economies create a volatile environment
and service society is in full swing. for urban planning and development, in which the
interests of enterprises, research and university
Technology and export-oriented production enter- institutions, businesses and land owners must
prises and companies of the knowledge and be negotiated and balanced as smoothly as pos-
service sector present specific requirements sible. However, the variety and competitive
regarding their home city and location within it. dynamics of a modern economy also widen the
Networking and cluster formation are of key leeway for action and the possibilities to exert
importance for technology-intensive and value influence. Cities and their planners today can join
creation-oriented industries; universities, univer- forces with enterprises and universities to devel-
sities of applied sciences and research institu- op or evolve attractive new venues for business
tions become incubators for spin-offs of corre and research. Vienna has shown the way in re-
sponding spatial demand. Due to minimal noise cent years. Neu Marx in the 3rd municipal district
and pollutant emissions, modern production constitutes an attractive new venue for companies
enterprises may also be suitable for urban loca- and research facilities: Campus Vienna Biocenter
tions; however, goods production equally needs focuses internationally renowned research insti
large, contiguous tracts of land with excellent tutions and companies active in life sciences;
transport connections. Offices and commercial close by, on the premises of the former slaughter-
enterprises necessitate both inner-city and house, a media and ICT cluster is taking shape.
peripheral locations (the latter obviously with ex- Around Muthgasse in the 19th municipal district, a
cellent transport links); in addition, commerce public initiative provided the launching pad for
requires sufficiently dimensioned logistics sites. one of Europe’s biggest biotechnology clusters.
The creative industries and small companies are Close fine-tuning and scheduling of the time hori-
interested in affordable premises close to home, zons for the construction of the new Vienna Uni-
good public transport connections and a cre- versity of Economics and Business complex, the
ative urban environment. completion of Viertel Zwei and the development
along the trajectory of the U2 Underground line
City tourism is a growth market the world over. between Praterstern and Donaumarina allowed
At the moment, tourism contributes roughly for synchronised expansion that has proved of
5 percent to Vienna’s gross regional product, with benefit both for the surrounding area and the
the number of overnight stays strongly on the university and business location per se. Finally,
rise. With over 1,000 national and international the Siemens-Allissen urban development zone
conferences annually, Vienna is one of the three has produced a political flagship investment, with
75
3 VIENNA: REACHING BEYOND ITS BORDERS
Fig. 10:
The three strands of the knowledge economy
Source: based on Thierstein et. al. 2006;
own diagram
ES
-
ON H
S
RV -
IC
TI EC
SE E
IE
E G
IT
UC H-T
IV ED
S
ER
NS WL
OD IG
H
IV
TE O
UN
IN KN
PR
76
A BUSINESS, SCIENCE AND RESEARCH HUB 3.1
LAND RESERVES FOR INDUSTRY TOURISM & URBAN DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATIVE RESEARCH
AND GOODS PRODUCTION INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SCIENCE
Urban quality and the urban fabric are AND INDUSTRY
Despite a decline in the number of fundamental for success in the tourism
employees of the production sector trig- sector. Yet this fabric is not solely com- Research infrastructure facilities are
gered by structural change, the manu- posed of buildings, but also comprises moving to the focus of RTI-related
facturing industry with its affiliated high-quality public and open spaces. location policies and increasingly provide
services remains an important element For this reason, it is imperative to a cost factor of public budgets – this
of the city’s value creation activities and concentrate urban planning on the city is caused by the growing complexity of
essential for keeping the level of inno “as built” in order to make urban quar- infrastructure facilities and shorter
vation and research high. Industry and ters more attractive for both residents utilisation cycles as well as by the re-
modern city regions are not mutually and visitors. High-quality new develop- sulting need for reinvestments. How-
FOCUS
exclusive, and there remains the possi ments, e. g. the new campus of the Uni- ever, without marked investments in
bility that high-tech, research-intensive versity of Economics and Business or infrastructure, any research location will
industries may increasingly return to the new Main Station, likewise become fall behind. To remain scientifically and
urban regions. To safeguard that the tourist magnets due to their urbanistic technologically competitive, co-opera-
Vienna Region will continue to be suc- and architectural qualities. The improve- tive structures are more and more called
cessful as an attractive industrial site in ment and enlargement of important for, as their successful location is deci
Central Europe, industry and commerce infrastructure facilities for long-distance sive for success. Vienna’s universities
must find sufficient space to expand. transport – e. g. Vienna International have already begun to establish shared
This calls for novel instruments to Airport or big railway stations and rail facilities both internally and in co-
create land reserves as well as models links – is additionally very significant. operation with other institutions. Urban
for close fine-tuning and co-operation development can support them in this
with the environs. ATTRACTIVE UNIVERSITY AND and contribute essentially to developing
RESEARCH LOCATIONS FOR THE prominent locations that boast high-
CONCENTRATING LOCATIONS KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER BETWEEN quality appointments and are also easily
FOR TOP-END RESEARCH SCIENCE AND BUSINESS accessible for the institutions concerned.
To safeguard and step up Vienna’s University and research institutions need FRAME CONDITIONS
position as home to excellent and profit- locations that offer good architecture, OFFERED BY URBAN SPACE FOR
able research, the effort to concentrate an exciting environment, meeting points, URBAN ENTREPRENEURS
suitable locations physically must be interesting spots, sufficient space for
sustained. The interaction of a great leisure and relaxation and smooth public A vibrant and multifaceted urban econ
number of talented researchers in one transport connections. And they need omy needs spaces for small enter-
place generates additional value – based spatial reserves to be able to house prises, small retail shops and the crea
on networking and interdisciplinarity – potential additions and spin-offs. In tive industries. Small-scale industrial/
of decisive importance for the specific close consultation with the universities commercial co-operation centres, exist-
location. A high concentration of excel- (based on the existing University Location ing industrial premises and co-working
lent scientists is a vital factor to render Vienna Concept ), Vienna’s urban spaces as well as attractive ground-
a location attractive and hence able development departments can make a floor zones that offer sufficient room
to lure further top-end researchers. decisive contribution towards this goal and space for development and are
Urban development can provide crucial by securing suitable plots, thereby embedded in an urban fabric that sup-
impulses for successful research acti bringing science and business closely ports communication and encounter
vities by employing land-use provisions together and enabling flexible forms of and fosters lingering and atmospheric
to concentrate top-end research in given use for new enterprises. quality are particularly well-suited for
locations, thereby creating space for this purpose.
quantitative and qualitative growth as COMMERCIAL TRANSPORT AS A
well as for scientific and related eco- SUPPLY BACKBONE HIGH-QUALITY LOCATIONS
nomic activities. FOR OFFICES AND
Goods transport faces different chal- LARGE-SCALE RETAILERS
lenges and demands depending on the
different zones of the city. In the city Cities benefit most from investments
centre, logistics will function differently in offices and retail space if these
than at the urban periphery. This calls are located in suitable spots that are
for flexibility and customised solutions. smoothly integrated into the urban
Big logistics centres as well as concepts structure and well-connected to public
for small-scale goods distribution have transport, and if attractive, spatially
both a role to play in this context. appropriate urbanistic solutions are
found that simultaneously support the
variety of different enterprise types
and industries.
77
3 VIENNA: REACHING BEYOND ITS BORDERS
A BUSINESS, SCIENCE AND RESEARCH HUB 3.1
HIGH-QUALITY OFFICE AND
RETAIL SHOPPING LOCATIONS75_REG
EFFICIENT COMMERCIAL
TRANSPORT75_REG
79
3 VIENNA: REACHING BEYOND ITS BORDERS
FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE
To protect Vienna’s economic posi- To ensure that there will be suitable locations and adequate conditions for all
tion in the long run, it is necessary economic sectors, to promote industries with special future viability and to make
to reserve both existing industrial use of potentials for synergy as well as to support targeted location and incentive
zones and set new areas aside strategies, appropriate industrial zones are to be reserved by means of provisions
for industrial production (for ex- in the land use and zoning plan and/or agreements under private law. Types of
ample by means of the Viennese use that would hamper corresponding uses of such sites will be prevented.
Analysis of Industrial and Commer Identification and development of adequate, additional plots to be used at short
cial Areas ). Currently, the notice for industrial and commercial locations in close consultation between the
pressure to reclassify plots suited Administrative Group for Urban Planning, Traffic & Transport, Climate Protection,
for production and industrial pur- Energy and Public Participation and the Vienna Business Agency.
poses as housing and office land Assessment of the practicability of compensation measures in case of changed
is massive; the City of Vienna use of industrial and commercial areas – e. g. by means of a fee or the creation/
decidedly opposes this pressure. provision of substitute plots.
( Fig.8: Mission Statement for Development and application of an objective and transparent evaluation proce
Urban Development “Zone for enter dure regarding the reclassification of existing industrial and commercial areas.
prises not suitable for mixed use“) Establishment of active quarter management offices based on the “Standpunkt
Liesing” model in order to tap potentials for co-operation between enterprises and
to actively promote and market locations.
80
A BUSINESS, SCIENCE AND RESEARCH HUB 3.1
The international competition between locations is a Updating of Viennese Analysis of Industrial and Commercial
competition between metropolitan regions. Regions Areas , taking account of the city region in co-operation
UNSERE
can e. g. sharpenSTRATEGIE
their profile by providing attractive with the Federal Province of Lower Austria.
05_HEAD_STRAT
and well-developed plots for production, commerce,
logistics, etc. for enterprises, quite independently
In close consultation with Lower Austria and the adjoining
municipalities, Vienna is developing an intermunicipal co-
of administrative boundaries. Against this backdrop, operation strategy for the future-oriented provision of indus-
Vienna is intensifying its efforts to implement a har- trial and commercial sites in the urban region that inter
monised system of commercial and industrial prop- alia addresses the issue of potential compensation mecha
erty development in co-operation with the Federal nisms and the fair distribution of costs and benefits.
Provinces of Lower Austria and Burgenland and the Creation of a joint pool of competitive areas that are suffi-
adjoining municipalities. ciently large, well-positioned and relatively affordable regard-
ing their provision with infrastructure facilities (> 3.2 Vienna
is more – the metropolitan region)
CITY OF INNOVATIONS –
INNOVATIONS FOR THE CITY
Top-end research locations, such as Campus Vienna Implementation of a broadly organised development
Biocenter or Muthgasse, are well-known and ensure process as part of the “Vienna Looks to the Future – Innova
international fame for Vienna as a city of research. tive Vienna 2020” process: involvement of science, research
Vienna has the potential to set up further research and enterprises with the aim of concretising potentially
flagship projects – for example in disciplines such as suitable zones and defining location requirements from there.
physics, computer science or inter- and transdisciplin- Crystallisation of the proposals and strategies developed
ary urban development research (keyword: Smart City in an Action Plan for Flagship Research Projects.
Wien) – that can be conceived and handled as collabor- Based on the recommendations of the Action Plan for
ative ventures of universities, research institutions, Flagship Research Projects: definition and provision of areas
companies and the City of Vienna. Concrete potentials well-suited for larger facilities and institutions, always
and location requirements derived from them are thus well-integrated into the network of science and research
discussed in a broadly organised process and in due locations (e. g. Tech Campus).
course crystallised in a concrete action plan as part of Concomitantly: provision of smaller plots (in urban expan-
the research and innovation strategy “Vienna Looks to sion areas and, if possible, also in the built city) to enable the
the Future – Innovative Vienna 2020”. Moreover, Vienna development of micro locations as part of a mixed-use city.
is improving the (urban-) spatial preconditions to make
innovation and research an integral part of a mixed-
use city.
81
3 VIENNA: REACHING BEYOND ITS BORDERS
82
A BUSINESS, SCIENCE AND RESEARCH HUB 3.1
PRIORITY ZONES
FOR OFFICE SITES
Vienna disposes of specially earmarked zones ( Fig.8: Mission Statement Analysis of existing land reserves
for Urban Development "Central Business District – Zone with high-level office for offices with regard to necessary
and administrative functions, universities, commerce, culture, etc."), that are qualities and requirements for further
ideally suited for large-scale office projects, but also for other central func- development.
tions, such as university institutions, which offer space, are well-connected Optimised mutual networking of
to high-level public transport, to each other, to important passenger office sites and safeguarding of excel-
transport nodes (railway stations, airport) and to other university locations. lent accessibility for residents of
Where possible, offices – but also high-level educational and research facil- Vienna and of the region.
ities – should be developed in such areas and thus become part and parcel Critical assessment of development
of Vienna’s “knowledge centres”. Moreover, mixed-use concepts (e. g. with projects in other locations, especially
housing, restaurants, cultural activities) are to ensure that offices will be if these are difficult to reach by public
structurally and functionally closely linked to existing urban structures and transport.
support the emergence of neighbourhood identities.
SHOPPING CENTRE –
SHOPPING IN THE CENTRE
Large-scale centres for retail
trade can emerge only where
83
3 VIENNA: REACHING BEYOND ITS BORDERS
“Urban spaces for entrepreneurial visions” is a slogan Identification of zones suitable for mixed-use concepts.
that embodies a group of measures that aim to ameli- Definition of minimum ground-floor ceiling heights in suitable
orate the frame conditions for the commercial use of locations.
ground-floor zones, storefronts, former shop prem- Widening of legal possibilities to revitalise ground-floor
ises or backyard buildings. This improves the precondi- zones in urban development areas, e. g. in the context of
tions for mixed-use approaches e. g. in new buildings development agreements, housing construction promotion or
by stipulating additional ceiling heights for ground- other legal procedures.
floor zones. In suitable areas and fine-tuned with pub- Development of new procedures to protect existing small-
lic space design, a certain ratio of areas is reserved scale trades and backyard premises.
for trade, production/commerce, services, etc. in order Evaluation of potential simplifications of space utilisation
to generate incentives for the construction, rehabili regulations for existing buildings (e. g. for offices or ground-
tation or adaptation of rooms and shops for businesses floor spaces).
that tie in well with the housing environment. More- Adaptation of the Garage Act – basic objective: smaller
over, Vienna wants to adapt the requirements for man- shops should be exempted from the mandatory requirement
datory parking slot provision incumbent on enterprises to provide parking slots.
in order to prevent that a business will be unable to
open because it cannot provide the legally mandatory
minimum number of parking slots for customers. This
is to create a palpable easing of the financial burden
especially for smaller enterprises.
84
A BUSINESS, SCIENCE AND RESEARCH HUB 3.1
CLEAN, SILENT,
RELIABLE
85
3 VIENNA: REACHING BEYOND ITS BORDERS
VIENNA IS MORE
86
87
3 VIENNA: REACHING BEYOND ITS BORDERS
88
THE METROPOLITAN REGION 3.2
Fig. 11:
Source: AIT/A1 (Urban API project)
Illustration: MA 18
EVERYDAY TRIPS
FROM THE REGION
TO VIENNA
Kyjov
Ceské
Budejovice Hustopece
Znojmo Hodonin
Waidhofen
a.d.Thaya
Retz
Gmünd Senica
Horn Laa a.d.
Zwettl Thaya
Hollabrunn Mistelbach
Freistadt
Krems
Trnava
Korneuburg Gänserndorf
Pezinok
Tulln
Rača
Enns Vienna
Melk
Amstetten
St. Pölten Bratislava
Bruck a.d.
Mödling Leitha Dunajská
Waidhofen Scheibbs Streda
an der Ybbs Baden
Neusiedl
a. See
Mosonmagyaróvár
Eisenstadt
Wiener Neustadt
Oberpullendorf
Bruck a.d.Mur
Pápa
Oberwart
Hartberg
Judenburg
Weiz
Graz Güssing 89
3 VIENNA: REACHING BEYOND ITS BORDERS
90
THE METROPOLITAN REGION 3.2
DA–IK
SUSTAINABLE CO-OPERATION
GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES
FOR THE CITY REGION
91
3 VIENNA: REACHING BEYOND ITS BORDERS
THE METROPOLITAN REGION 3.2
02
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF
THE CENTROPE REGION
93
3 VIENNA: REACHING BEYOND ITS BORDERS
Fig. 12:
Area of co-operation:
City-Environs Management,
Stadtregion+ and centrope;
own diagram
St. Pölten VIENNA Bratislava St. Pölten VIENNA Bratislava St. Pölten VIENNA Bratislava
BURGENLAND
BURGENLAND
FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE
Together with time-tried and Establishment of action- and decision-facilitating structures for regional co-
new partners from the entire city operation, in particular due to the evolution of existing organisations and taking
region (Federal Provinces of Lower account of the different regional levels (metropolitan region, city region, city with
Austria and Burgenland, neigh- environs).
bouring municipalities, actors from Clearcut definition of tasks and working areas: in the context of co-operation
administration, politics, business structures, it should definitely be possible to develop joint future visions and define
circles, science and civil society), common spatial and thematic concerns.
the City of Vienna wants to evolve Setting up of a common platform for implementation partnerships covering the
structures for co-operation on city region (e. g. regional co-operation spaces, city-environs mobility partnerships).
issues regarding the metropolitan Networking of administration and politics with regional interest groups, such
region in order to facilitate future- as enterprises and institutions, scientific facilities and private initiatives.
and implementation-oriented col-
laboration. With centrope, PGO and
SUM, there exist reliable instru-
ments and platforms to build on
for further developments.
94
THE METROPOLITAN REGION 3.2
REGIONAL
CO-OPERATION SPACES
Together with the Federal Province Definition of regional co-operation spaces in the context of a broad-based dia-
of Lower Austria as well as a wide logue process: a sub-region that should certainly be at the focus of this process is
variety of different interest groups, the Simmering/Schwechat/Vienna International Airport area with its outstanding
Vienna wants to define regional importance for Vienna as a business hub and tourism destination and its potential
co-operation spaces with massive as a company location.
development potential and great Definition of development goals: for jointly defined co-operation spaces, quality
importance for the environs of and development goals as well as a roadmap for the concrete implementation of
Vienna and the metropolitan region measures and strategies should be formulated.
with regard to location and green Co-operation towards the realisation of superordinate development goals in the
space development or the mobility regional context can and should be advanced by viable processes and actors.
system. Examples include the Viennese model of target areas of urban development, the
procedures adopted by Lower Austrian municipalities for spatial development (e. g.
regional guiding plans) or international examples.
The co-operative and fine-tuned planning and development of locations for
industrial and commercial properties and retail facilities can and should be part and
parcel of this co-operation instrument (> 3.1 Vienna generats prosperity – a business,
science and research hub – Initiative: Co-operative business location development in the
urban region)
Project-based planning – development of a competition-based subsidy system to
provide incentives for the development of projects taking up regional planning ideas;
e. g. implementation in the form of a REGIONALE .
CITY-ENVIRONS
MOBILITY PARTNERSHIPS
Based on a jointly compiled regional Co-operative development (Vienna, Lower Austria, Burgenland) of a strategy for
transport concept and in tandem the region as a whole to cover public transport in the metropolitan region (including
with urban development, Vienna a comprehensive park-and-ride concept and long-distance cycling routes).
aims to establish mobility partner- Co-operative definition of regions/sub-regions to implement mobility partner-
ships along key traffic corridors in ships – potentials for collaboration exist in particular along the S-Bahn axes, which
the environs of the city. In addition are of paramount importance for everyday commuter traffic and regarding which
to VOR, Vienna wants to win over Vienna and Lower Austria share great common interest in improving the intervals
the Federal Province of Lower Aus- and comfort of public transport.
tria and the municipalities affected Development of cross-border mobility concepts in the context of the partner-
as partners. ships; a special focus is on the development of transboundary mobility concepts in
the catchment area of new (U2-North – aspern Vienna’s Urban Lakeside,
U1-South – Oberlaa) and existing Underground terminals. This especially concerns
the definition of common goals and responsibilities between Vienna, Lower Austria
and the neighbouring municipalities as well as service standards and the planning
and implementation of corresponding measures.
95
3 VIENNA: REACHING BEYOND ITS BORDERS
CENTROPE
MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
Starting from the findings of co-operation within Establishment of a platform as the core of the ongoing
centrope since 2003, Vienna wants to evolve the con- dialogue and exchange of information between key actors in
cept of transnational mobility management together the field of mobility.
with its partners. The core task lies in sustained Co-operative implementation of improvements in cross-
and close fine-tuning between the key public transport border public transport and development of a transnational
carriers in centrope in order to analyse the develop- mobility system (e. g. with a cross-border multimodal traffic
ment of traffic flows and transport demand and, based and transport information system and intensified co-opera-
on this outcome, to develop suitable cross-border tion with integrated transport associations).
offerings. Formulation of joint positions on cross-border transport
infrastructure as a basis for national and European lobbying
efforts (e. g. with a view to Trans-European Transport Net-
works).
96
THE METROPOLITAN REGION 3.2
Fig. 13:
Source: Stadtregion +,
interim report, PGO 2011
FUNDAMENTAL
PRINCIPLES OF
SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT,
STADTREGION +
Mistelbach
Hollabrunn
Stockerau Wolkersdorf
Korneuburg
Tulln Gänserndorf
Klosterneuburg Bratislava
Neulengbach
Wien
Schwechat
Mödling
Bruck/Leitha
Baden
Neusiedl am See
Eisenstadt
Wiener Neustadt
Mattersburg
Sopron
97
4
VIENNA:
NETWORKING
THE CITY
FARSIGHTED, ROBUST
AND VIABLE FOR
SEVERAL GENERATIONS
98
4
Already more than a century ago, Vienna opted for
the construction of the Mountain Spring Mains,
upgraded its municipal supply systems and estab-
lished an efficient public transport system to lay
the basis for its rise to a metropolis with over
2 million inhabitants. With constant renewal and
substantial enlargement and modernisation of its
networks in the 20th century, Vienna has trans-
formed its “urban backbone” into a high-quality
and internationally competitive location asset.
99
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
VIENNA IS MOVING
100
101
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
102
DIVERSIFIED MOBILITY IN 2025 4.1
DA–IK
MOBILITY IN THE MULTIMODALITY
GROWING CITY
To support everyday multimodality
The growing city results in heavier corresponding infrastructure must be
traffic loads. While car traffic in the provided. In particular, high-level
central districts is stagnating, public public transport nodes are currently not
transport networks as well as cycling well prepared for intermodal traffic
infrastructure facilities are sometimes ( Intermodality). Rendering the
already used to capacity and beyond. possibilities to switch between walking,
Permanent overload looms unless (rental) bikes, e-mobility, car sharing,
proactive measures are taken. If the (e-) taxis and public transport more
currently positive trend in mobility attractive provides a key stimulus for
FOCUS
103
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
DIVERSIFIED MOBILITY IN 2025 4.1
NEW INSTRUMENTS OF
MOBILITY M ANAGEMENT
105
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
Fig. 14:
Modal split
(public transport, walking, cycling, car)
Source: Wiener Linien;
own diagram
3% 6%
106
DIVERSIFIED MOBILITY IN 2025 4.1
FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE
Public transport is the backbone Upgrading of the S-Bahn network. An S-Bahn package that combines shorter
of Vienna’s mobility. The public intervals, new rolling stock and improved routes will make a fundamental contribu-
transport system within the city tion to ease the pressure on Vienna’s high-level public transport network. This
and in the metropolitan region may concern both inner-city connections and improvements for the urban periphery
must be enlarged and improved to and the immediate environs. Details of this package will be concretised in the wake
cope with short- and medium- of STEP.
term increases in the passenger Systematic acceleration of public transport in particular for tram and bus routes
volume. The services of Wiener of prime importance for the system as a whole.
Linien and the S-Bahn network of Upgrading of the design and environment of transport stops and big interchange
ÖBB (Austrian Federal Railways) hubs. The experience of waiting has a strong bearing on customer satisfaction with
are conceived as an integrated public transport. Well-situated, safe and secure transport stops can render waiting
system for this purpose. In more pleasant at least as subjectively perceived, in particular for women, who make
the passengers’ perception, the up the majority of public transport users.
S-Bahn network will gradually Scheduling of new, tangential tram and bus links in line with the requirements
(shorter intervals, faster service, of urban development. This is especially necessary in the south and northeast of
new rolling stock, higher customer Vienna.
friendliness) come to reflect the At the same time, the City of Vienna is preparing for the necessary infrastruc-
traits of the Underground system. ture modernisation measures to ensure long-term network operation quality.
In the medium to long term, urban growth calls for a capacity increase of the
high-level, inner-city public transport network. Due to the long time horizons
involved, planning must be intensified and continued.
107
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
User-friendly possibilities to combine public transport, Based on the project “Public Transport Stops of the
cycling and walking facilitate independence of motor- Future”, a package of measures for multimodal public trans-
ised individual traffic. One very important factor is port nodes is being implemented to further facilitate switch-
the option of switching comfortably between different ing between transport modes.
modes. Incentives are formulated to support the case- Introduction of a “Vienna Mobility Card” that combines
by-case multimodal choice of means of transport. public transport tickets with access to City Bikes, car sharing
In the interests of customers, the eco-friendly trans- and other mobility services.
port system is optimised as one homogeneous whole. Upgrading of car and bike sharing services in Vienna by
This includes the systematic upgrading of public trans- means of active co-operation of the City of Vienna and Wiener
port stops into multimodal nodes (including park- Linien with potential operators, in particular with respect
and-ride facilities, bike garages, City Bike terminals, to marketing and the setting-up of service points in public
e-mobility and car sharing services) as well as the space. The City Bike system will be improved by means
targeted use of information and communication tech- of additional locations, easier accessibility, new bikes and
nologies or the development of integrated services that expansion to new urban quarters.
support multimodality (e. g. mobility card, multimodal
information systems, smart ticketing). In keeping with
the motto “from car ownership to car use”, special
attention is paid to qualitative and quantitative improve-
ments of car sharing services to enable the maximum
possible number of inhabitants to use a car without
actually owning one.
The city of short distances is a city that renders walk-
ing and cycling attractive and creates optimised con
Development and implementation of a tightly knit net-
work of Viennese walking routes in close co-operation with
ditions for a combination with public transport. Urban the municipal districts. This walking route network allows
quarters are thus designed to ensure that all inhab for safe and pleasant walking, e. g. due to attractive seating,
itants and in particular children, older persons and plants and shade-givers or pedestrian-friendly traffic-light
persons with special needs will be able to move and phasing, and is in particular networked with Underground
navigate independently and safely through the neigh- stations and prime shopping streets. (> 4.2 Vienna revives –
bourhood. A good concrete example is provided by open space: green & urban – Flagship Initative: Vienna‘s open
the findings of the project “Gender Mainstreaming space network)
Pilot District Mariahilf”. Moreover, safe and tightly knit Upgrading of important streets of supra-local importance
cycleway networks will widen non-motorised mobility into pleasant boulevards for walking to render the qualities
options. of urban spaces more palpable.
Planning, development and implementation of high-level,
long-distance urban cycleways – also across city limits –
with even better infrastructure.
Evolution of Vienna’s cycleway network to improve capac
ities and meet different user demands (e. g. by means of bike
boxes for cyclists at traffic lights/crossings, increased instal
lation of bike garages, wider cycleways/cycle lanes, taking
account of differentiated speeds).
108
DIVERSIFIED MOBILITY IN 2025 4.1
Fig. 15:
Car ownership − number of passenger
cars per 1,000 inhabitants in selected cities
Source: provincial statistics of MA 23 and VCÖ;
own diagram
LINZ 2004 2012
>
+5%
489.9 CARS | 514.8 CARS
<
-5%
494.5 CARS | 471.7 CARS
<
-4%
409.8 CARS | 390.2 CARS
Fig. 16:
Development of Wiener Linien passenger
(figures in million)
Source: Wiener Linien;
own diagram
900.0
800.0
1993 687.5 million
700.0
600.0
500.0
400.0
300.0
200.0
100.0 109
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
110
DIVERSIFIED MOBILITY IN 2025 4.1
111
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
VIENNA REVIVES
112
113
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
114
OPEN SPACES: GREEN & URBAN 4.2
QUALITY QUANTITY
Planning and managing open spaces is a Vienna is growing and needs new open
complex task. Green and leisure spaces spaces to be able to offer all citizens
are to a large degree defined by their excellent options even with a total
quality, which is determined by large, population of 2 million. For this reason,
contiguous surfaces, the identity of what is needed is a clear idea of how
landscape elements and their suitability to preserve and evolve the green grid of
for different forms of use. The sensitive the city as well as adequate instruments
treatment of natural resources is essen- of land mobilisation and provision and
tial not only regarding aspects where more public spaces that are suitable
nature conservation is paramount. Both for a great variety of uses. These joint
FOCUS
ecological functioning and practical challenges for the city as a whole must
usability require high-quality network- be addressed by the growing city to
ing. Urban public spaces should be safeguard and further develop its pro-
qualitatively excellent, barrier-free, tection zones and green spaces on the
robust and suitable for everyday and basis of efficient management.
flexible use; they should offer options
for different user groups without exclud- ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
ing others. They should take account
of gender-specific needs and the differ- In the future, the function of open
ent play and role behaviours of girls and spaces for the urban climate will be-
boys. Where appropriate, they should come more and more important along-
offer space for sidewalk café gardens, side their recreational value. They must
kiosks and food stalls as well as for be designed in a manner that allows
zones without commercial activities, them to withstand the effects of climate
plus facilities for sports and leisure in change and to support the city in adapt-
public space. Participation is becoming ing to climate change as well. For the
increasingly important to meet the great latter, the conservation of fresh air
variety of demands. corridors and cold air source areas
plays a central role. Small-scale meas-
ures, e. g. minimal soil sealing, planting
of trees, shading, rainwater manage-
ment, a high degree of urban greening,
greened roofscapes and façades, are
equally significant.
115
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
OPEN SPACES: GREEN & URBAN 4.2
117
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE
118
OPEN SPACES: GREEN & URBAN 4.2
Vienna is chiefly growing north of the Danube. In addition to new dwellings, Development of a “Vienna Woods
this part of the city thus also needs new recreation zones extending over NorthEast” master plan to serve as
several hundred hectares. The initiative “Vienna Woods NorthEast” creates a basis for creating a recreation zone
a leisure and recreation zone at the supra-district level. Gradual trans- in the north-eastern part of Vienna.
formation will engender a quasi natural leisure area as part of Vienna’s Development of a “Lobau Environs”
Green Belt that will offer relaxation options for people and a habitat for strategic plan to serve as a basis for
wild animals and plants. At the same time, land for city-compatible agricul- its gradual implementation.
ture will be protected. Moreover, the environs of the Lobau wetlands Gradual securing of land for this
will be transformed into a leisure landscape that meets the growing purpose and definition of priority
demand for leisure and recreation options and in this way alleviates the measures.
pressure generated by the excessive use of ecologically sensitive areas
such as the Danube Wetlands National Park. ( Fig.17: Mission Statement
for Green Spaces “Leisure zone upgrading”)
URBAN GREENERY
INSTEAD OF AIR CONDITIONING
119
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
120
OPEN SPACES: GREEN & URBAN 4.2
STEP 05 defined quantitative parameters for Vienna’s Adaptation of existing parameters and addition of quality
supply with green and open spaces. These parameters criteria (inter alia, qualities such as the accessibility of
ensure quality of life and are thus applied in new open spaces by public transport and on foot are to be defined;
05_HEAD_STRAT
urban development zones and in case of retroactive
densification. The City of Vienna will make use of these
various types of zones for this purpose are to be discussed
as well).
important quantitative parameters as a guideline Development of qualitative demand and requirement pro-
and basis for the development of a manual that takes files for public spaces in urban expansion zones and integra-
account of varying preconditions in urban quarters. tion into development processes.
In this context, qualitative aspects are added as well,
since they are of paramount significance for the quality
of use afforded by green and open spaces.
The open space potentials of cities are limited; in Implementation of nature-inspired green space design
a growing city and an era of tight public budgets, concepts for cost-efficient yet high-quality solutions (e. g. also
existing potentials must be made intelligent use of to green spaces designed as “urban wilderness”) – these still
enable all citizens with their different needs and unusual forms of green space design require a novel under-
requirements to enjoy access to high-quality open standing of their purpose and character.
spaces. The motto “Fair shares in, and intelligent use Concentration of compensation and balancing measures
of, the city” will thus be employed by the City of Vienna in strategically important points of the green space
to implement a set of measures that contribute to network (e. g. setting-up of a “landscape account” platform
more quality, less resource consumption and efficient ( Landscape account).
use of public funds today and tomorrow. The plans In the context of sewer and road construction or mainte
will be backed up by the findings of pilot projects for nance works, etc., it is assessed whether improvements of
gender-sensitive park and open space design. Local public space or street design can be implemented simulta
residents will be involved even more than in the past in neously (as was done in 2013 in Ottakringer Strasse).
redesign and quality improvement measures. Parti Installations and additions to the streetscape as well as
cipation processes are in particular to reflect an urban furniture must be arranged in a way that ensures
adequate female quota. that they will enhance public space quality without impeding
the fluidity of traffic and pedestrian movement.
Implementation of pilot projects for the (temporary)
conversion, reuse and redesign of streetscapes
(> 4.1 Vienna is moving – diversified mobility in 2025 – Initiative:
From street space to public space)
Development of modalities and models that enable the
intensified multiple use of open spaces in public institutions,
such as schools, kindergartens, swimming pools and sports
grounds.
121
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
In the future as in the past, Vienna will assume respon- Implementation and support of projects for the (non-
sibility for the quality of public space as well as of commercial) use and maintenance of public spaces by citizens
green and leisure zones. Co-operation ventures with (e. g. sidewalks, former parking lots, tree grids or larger
private actors thus presuppose clearcut and legally surfaces for urban gardening).
grounded agreements on the use and maintenance of Development of strategies for an improved equilibrium
such facilities, which must ensure long-term public between commercial and non-commercial forms of use
usability and accessibility. Citizens are increasingly (including simplified procedures for permits for non-com-
invited to join in discussions as well as in developing, mercial forms of use) in public space and obligatory manage-
working on, and taking responsibility for public space ment concepts.
use and open space design. Development of guidelines describing desirable qualities
of public, green and leisure spaces (e. g. with a view to spaces
for recreation and social interaction, good-neighbourly con-
tacts) − in case of negotiations or agreements with project
developers or contractors (co-operative procedures, urban
development agreements, official permits), these guidelines
can serve as a starting-point.
122
OPEN SPACES: GREEN & URBAN 4.2
MISSION STATEMENT
FOR GREEN SPACES Fig. 17:
Source: MA 21, MA 22
(map “Wien Umweltgut”), MA 41,
ZAMG, Urban Atlas;
Content and visualisation: MA 18
m berg
sa
Bi
Ma
r
ds
oo ch
fe l
W
a
d
nn
Vie
D
an
ub
e
zo
ne
ca pe 123
Te r r a ce l ands
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
124
125
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
126
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE 4.3
Fig. 18:
Predicted growth of children
and young people, by scenario
Source: Statistics Austria;
own diagram
2013 2025
0-2 YEARS
71,000 GROWTH SCENARIO
61,000
52,000
57,000
6-9 YEARS
83,000
78,000
65,000
75,000
10-14 YEARS
95,000
92,000
78,000
90,000
2013
2025
127
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
128
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE 4.3
SAFEGUARDING LAND
FOR EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
By 2025, all parts of the city must be
provided with new classrooms and
kindergarten groups to meet the de
mand. Moreover, stepping up the avail-
ability of all-day care generates new
challenges for schools. Part of the
demand will have to be safeguarded by
enlarging existing facilities; at the same
time, however, urban expansion areas
FOCUS
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
AS A C ONTRIBUTION TO A GOOD
SOCIAL MIX IN THE CITY
129
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE 4.3
The City of Vienna sees one of its main tasks in providing the
population of the Austrian capital with access to social infra-
structure and in particular to education, as education improves
career and income possibilities and upward mobility, but also
VIENNA’S strengthens the ability to engage in democratic processes, discus-
sion and criticism. Vienna’s urban planning supports this goal
S TRATEGIES FOR by not only reserving sufficient land for educational facilities, but
SOCIAL also creating “good learning spaces” in schools, kindergartens
and libraries – spaces that are easily accessible, can be used
I NFRASTRUCTURE in multiple ways, are open to all and attractively designed for their
users.
131
4 VIENNA: NETWORKING THE CITY
FLAGSHIP INITIATIVE
To further improve the coherence of housing and Application of the education monitoring system (Admin
infrastructure investments and in particular to reserve istrative Group for Urban Planning, Traffic & Transport,
high-quality plots in time, Vienna will conduct accurate Climate Protection, Energy and Public Participation and
analyses of space demand for education infrastruc- Chief Administrative Office – Executive Group for Construction
ture for the entire city as well as for individual urban and Technology, Infrastructure Section), which inter alia
quarters and will in addition extend its education mon- prepares information regarding the following aspects:
itoring activities. On this basis, spatial priorities will I annual comparison of predicted small-scale changes in
be defined and strategies for land mobilisation and population figures at the individual urban quarter level
reserves will be drafted while expansion potentials of for children aged 0-14 years with actual developments;
existing locations will be explored. I comparison of foreseeable demand curves with agreed
development plans.
identification of spatial potentials of both already built
and newly developed zones and possibilities of activating
currently unused spaces.
evaluation of possibilities for the intensified linkage of
social infrastructure and other forms of use.
132
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE 4.3
EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE
FOR UPWARD MOBILITY PROCESSES
In coming years, Vienna will identify urban quarters Identification of urban quarters with particularly massive
with particularly massive demand for facilities that demand for additional educational facilities close to resi
foster upward mobility and will apply a networked dents’ homes.
approach to the institutions and offerings available Evaluation of urbanistic preconditions and identification of
in these parts of the city. This could e. g. be attained possibilities for architectural interventions in these quarters
by abandoning traditional organisational structures to as well as of possible synergies with new developments in
achieve greater effectiveness through a more strongly the direct vicinity.
fine-tuned and integrated approach by the respective
facilities.
133
GLOSSARY
134
Ag-De
Agglomeration quality in the very broadest sense: on the experience of nature and a closer
The word “agglomeration” defines a con- from technical functionality to usability, understanding of food production. As a
urbation that comprises a core city and from the culture of discussion, planning, carrier of the cultivated landscape, this
its densely populated environs – including contract awarding and competition to form of agriculture plays a key role in
zones outside the administrative city the physical outlook of the city. Hence shaping the cityscape. Direct produce
limits – and is viewed by its residents as the concept does not only embrace built marketing helps to cut down on resource
one connected urban space. The bounda structures, but also open spaces, infra- consumption, strengthens the regional
ries between “agglomeration” and “city structure facilities and temporary build- economy and contributes positively to the
region” are blurred; as a rule, “city region” ings. The objective lies in contributing city’s climate protection goals.
tends to describe the larger catchment to high quality of life for all by safeguard-
area of the core city including more rural ing a holistic building culture. Climate Protection
areas. The term “agglomeration econom- Programme (KliP Vienna)
ies ” (vis-à-vis peripheral zones) refers Central Business District The current Climate Protection Pro-
to high density and variety of enterprises, The term “Central Business District” gramme (KliP II) of the City of Vienna,
educational and research facilities as well (CBD) defines major centres dominated which was adopted by the City Council in
as skilled workers, since these factors by such types of use as offices, shops, 2009, defines climate protection targets
foster innovative clout and the develop- hotels, public buildings, traffic installa- to be attained by 2020 and stipulates
ment of new products and services based tions, etc. In the case of historic city a corresponding package of measures.
on the division of labour and thus score centres, their former residential use has The update of KliP I (1990) comprises a
advantages for the individual agglomera- been largely abandoned. total of 385 individual measures in various
tion in the global competition between fields of action: energy supply, energy
locations. Centre typologies use, mobility and urban structure, pro-
The model for Vienna’s centre structure curement, waste management, agricul-
Agricultural-structural looks at different typologies of urban ture and forestry, nature conservation and
Development Plan – AgSTEP centres. “City zones” are those urban public relations.
AgSTEP is a plan formulated by the areas that feature a concentration of
Vienna City Administration and the Vienna top-level institutions and enterprises of Decentralised heat generation networks
Chamber of Agriculture for the further the city region. “Neighbourhood centres” It is the objective of decentralised heat
development of agriculture within the city or “sub-centres” mainly supply the generation networks to reduce primary
boundaries. AgSTEP delimits areas that surrounding urban quarters. The centre resource consumption, to increase energy
are to serve agricultural purposes in the concept focuses on strengthening the efficiency in heat provision and to cut
long term, harmonises them with the pro- urban quality of existing and planned down on the cost of heat provision and
gramme for the protection of Vienna’s neighbourhood centres and sub-centres. hence of consumer prices. Decentralised
Green Belt and spells out proposals for heat generation networks must be able
measures to contribute to the long-term centrope – Central European Region to interlink buildings and to use, manage
safeguarding and preservation of cultiva- centrope is a co-operation initiative of and store the decentralised available
tion in these areas. the Federal Provinces of Vienna, Lower renewable potential.
Austria and Burgenland with adjoining
Arch4579 regions in the Czech Republic, Slovakia Degree of soil sealing
Arch4579 is an initiative of the centrope and Hungary. Since 2003, the partners The degree of soil sealing is a nature and
cities Vienna and Brno with the objective have been agreeing on political and tech- soil preservation (land consumption) in-
of systematising the evaluation of build- nical strategies for the intensified inte dicator that reflects the extent of the soil
ings erected between 1945 and 1979 on gration of the centrope region and initiat- surface mainly sealed by buildings and
the basis of prototypical edifices of differ- ing strategic co-operation projects. traffic installations; as a result, these
ent categories and period-specific partic- surfaces are not available as either plant
ularities, documenting these structures City-compatible agriculture habitats or for rainwater infiltration.
and developing a manual for dealing with City-compatible agriculture comprises
built objects from this period. condensed forms of horticulture, the sus- Development of requirement
tainable cultivation of crops, wine and profiles for public space
Building culture fruit as well as new forms of agriculture, It is planned to develop requirement pro-
For the city of Vienna, the concept of e. g. fields for self-harvesting and com- files corresponding to the spatial and
“building culture” refers to architectural munity gardens, which focus increasingly social frame conditions of planning areas
135
GLOSSARY
for a differentiated and adequately di- whether the calculations refer merely to ments, ecological development zones,
mensioned range of public squares and the building’s heat demand or also take protected biotopes, the protection zone of
streets with atmospheric quality for urban account of its electricity requirements. the Vienna Green Belt and protected
expansion zones. Functional and social parkland. Moreover, parts of Vienna’s
space analyses, too, will be employed in EU Strategy for the Danube Region westernmost districts were declared the
this context. A functional and social space The EU Strategy for the Danube Region Biosphere Park Vienna Woods. The land-
analysis serves to combine sociological (EUSDR) is a strategy of the European scape of the Vienna Woods has been
and planning findings in a methodological Commission that aims at closer co- under protection since 1905 on the basis
setting compiled of quantitative and qual- operation between the Danube countries. of the Vienna Green Belt Decision as
itative approaches. This helps to under- The main focuses are infrastructure, well as due to a protection zone category
stand the architectural and infrastruc- environmental protection, the fostering of assigned to it under the Building Code for
ture-related characteristics of a planned prosperity and good governance. It is Vienna (Sww category), which practically
object and the social components that the superordinate goal of the Strategy for equals a total construction ban, and the
go with it. As a result of the analysis, the Danube Region to provide, by 2020, Nature Conservation Act.
planning criteria that provide pointers for better opportunities for higher education,
the further planning process, e. g. design employment and prosperity in their home Flagship initiatives
and urban development competitions, are region for all citizens of the Danube Flagship initiatives are initiatives that are
formulated. countries. The EUSDR was initiated as given special weight since they are of
the second macro regional strategy. great importance for the implementation
Eco-friendly means of transport On 8 December 2010, a Communication of STEP 2025.
This refers to all means of transport on the EUSDR was published by the
whose pollutant and noise emissions and European Commission and adopted on freespaceviennapublicspace
land consumption do not damage the en- 24 June 2011 by the European Council This is Vienna’s Mission Statement for
vironment and to the networking of these after confirmation by the General Affairs Public Space. The mission statement was
transport modes: walking, cycling (includ- Council. Implementation was initiated compiled as the result of a dialogue
ing public bike rental such as the City Bike in the second semester of 2011. between the Vienna City Administration,
system), public transport (suburban trains, external specialists and municipal district
metros, trams, buses) and, in the wider EU White Paper on Transport politicians and completed in 2009. It
sense, taxis, car sharing or car pools. White Papers published by the European formulates strategic approaches for the
Commission contain proposals for com- planning, design and management of
Encounter zone mon action in a given area. In part, they public spaces in Vienna in order to provide
Encounter zones are streets whose traffic tie in with Green Papers, which initiate guidelines for measures taken by public
lanes serve joint use by vehicles and pedes- a consultation process at the European bodies and private actors.
trians and are accordingly marked as such. level. A White Paper can only evolve into
This form of traffic calming was intro- a concrete action programme if it meets Fresh air corridors
duced in Austria in 2013. In general, the with a positive response by the Council. The size, type of vegetation and network-
maximum permitted speed in encounter The White Paper “Roadmap to a Single ing of open spaces are factors that can
zones is 20 km/h (12.5 mph). All road European Transport Area – Towards a have a positive impact on the urban cli-
users are equal and must show a high competitive and resource efficient trans- mate, since the cooling effects generated
degree of consideration for each other. port system” (White Paper on Transport) by open spaces are also translated to
was submitted in 2011. Against the back- adjacent developed zones. Another impor
Energy-plus building ground of the EU climate and energy effi- tant role is played by fresh air corridors
The term “energy-plus building” is not ciency targets, one of its main objectives with regard to fresh air generation and
clearly defined. STEP 2025 uses the term is the reduction of greenhouse gas emis- ventilation in the city. In inner-city densi-
“energy-plus building” for structures sions caused by traffic and transport by fication processes and development proj
that generate more energy over one year approx. 60 percent by 2050 (compared to ects for the urban periphery, it must be
than they consume. In this, a positive 1990 values). made sure that fresh air corridors are
annual balance is contingent on extremely kept unaffected by construction measures.
efficient building envelopes and building Existing protection zones
utilities as well as on the use of renew- Vienna boasts a wide variety of protection “Gender Mainstreaming in Urban
able energy resources. The individual zones: a national park, nature reserves, Planning and Urban Development”
energy balance of a building should state protected landscapes and landscape ele- The manual formulates objectives and
136
Ec–In
quality criteria for the implementation of information as well as of the creativity of units in high-rises are increasingly dis-
gender-sensitive planning and comprises society. As a result, administrations are cussed as well. The existing guidelines for
a set of transferable methods and instru- opening up and complementing hierarchic the construction of high-rises are being
ments for different planning levels: mas- forms of control with co-operation ven- correspondingly updated and continued.
ter plan, land use and development plan tures that include other groups of social
and individual projects. It is to serve as actors, e. g. citizens, business circles or ICT Strategy
a practical work tool and comprehensive other local authorities. The ICT Strategy of 2007 is aligned along-
reference document in the everyday side the Business Strategy of the City
activities of planners and administrators Green space monitoring of Vienna and wants to optimise the eco-
(“Werkstattberichte der Stadtentwicklung In this regular, comprehensive overview nomic value added of ICT services and
Wien” (No. 130)). of the extension, development and status products for the implementation of the
of Vienna’s green spaces by Municipal overall strategy. The ICT Strategy de-
Gentle urban renewal Department 22 (MA 22 – Environmental scribes the key objectives, measures and
Gentle urban renewal is a successful Protection), more than 60,000 individual processes to effectively and efficiently
Viennese model. The primary aspects of surfaces are classified as various green support the attainment of business goals
gentle urban renewal, which was intro- space types; their composition is roughly on the part of the City of Vienna by means
duced in Vienna nearly 40 years ago, have assessed, and changes vis-à-vis previous of ICT. It is the strategic guideline for ICT
always been affordable housing based assessments are evaluated. This moni use and diversification by all municipal
on financial incentives, social sustainabil- toring not only constitutes the most departments.
ity and a comprehensive renewal strategy important instrument of green space sur-
for the “core city”. The positive trends veillance and habitat research, but also Implementation partnerships
of the architectural, social and economic serves as an essential information basis An implementation partnership is the
development of Vienna’s urban renewal for urban planning. structured, continuous and target-orient-
areas are evident. Targeted rehabilitation ed co-operation of relevant actors regard-
and new construction measures up- Heat island register ing specific issues. These partnerships
grade and rejuvenate neighbourhoods Urban densification and a low ratio of require political legitimacy of the repre
and quarters. The experts of “Gebietsbe- green spaces intensify heat effects in sentatives involved and strive for process-
treuung Stadterneuerung” (Area Manage- urban areas, triggering the development oriented approaches in implementation,
ment Office, GB*) serve as the hub for of heat islands. Thermal imaging (heat target and outcome orientation in project
all renewal processes, but also for all island register) makes it possible to development and in the dissemination
questions relating to housing, the housing identify overheated spots and thus per- of results.
environment and good-neighbourly rela- mits the implementation of targeted steps,
tions within neighbourhoods. As of today, such as infrastructure measures (shaded Informal learning
320,000 dwellings have been rehabilitated seats, drinking fountains, spray mist Informal learning is learning in everyday
through gentle urban renewal. installations, etc.), urban, spatial and life, at the workplace, in a family setting
landscape planning measures (e. g. soil or during a person’s spare time. It is
Gentrification phenomena desealing, ventilation of the city) and unorganised and unstructured with regard
Gentrification trends occur when neigh- architectural measures (choice of materi- to learning goals, learning support or the
bourhood milieus of city quarters are als, greened roofscapes and façades, time spent with learning. In most cases,
changed by the inflow of affluent popula- shading elements, etc.). informal learning is not expressly planned
tion strata or when long-time residents on the part of the learner. While the re
are gradually driven away. Gentrification High-rise Concept sults of informal learning do not normally
phenomena may be triggered by invest- The construction of high-rises in parti entail certification of any sort, they may
ments in public infrastructure, building cular requires the prior consideration of be validated and ultimately certified if
rehabilitation projects or cultural initia urban-structural and urban design as- linked to the recognition of knowledge
tives of creative milieus that improve pects. This inter alia refers to the indi- previously acquired through other learn-
the image of an urban quarter. vidual edifice’s effects on the environs, ing programmes. Informal learning is also
location quality and degree of accessibility referred to as “experiential learning”.
Governance by public transport, the social and public
Today, traditional forms of government benefits of such buildings and their sus- Infrastructure Commission
are no longer sufficient to make optimum tainability. Moreover, flexible types of In 1994, the Vienna Infrastructure Com-
use of the great diversity of available use and the accommodation of housing mission was set up as part of the Execu
137
GLOSSARY
tive Group for Construction and Techno- Province of Lower Austria as a basic Mission Statement “Social Work in
logy. Its task lies in developing a basis for structure for compensation measures in (Semi-) Public Space”
political decision-making regarding the environmental impact assessments. The Mission Statement “Social Work
installation of technical and social infra- Areas from this landscape account can in (Semi-) Public Space” expresses the
structure in connection with urban devel- then be immediately used for non-site- stance of the City of Vienna regarding
opment projects. specific compensation and balancing social work in public and semi-public
measures. Controlling, evaluation and space. Vienna thus defines itself as a
Intermodality further development are carried out pluralistic metropolis that is character-
Intermodality is the use of several means by the competent municipal departments ised by internationality and diversity and
of conveyance for the transport of per- and their designated experts. pursues a policy of tolerance, integration,
sons or goods when involving trip chains. inclusion and prevention. The tasks of
One example might be the use of a car Land use category “Housing con social work comprise the targeted promo-
or bicycle to reach a train station in order struction eligible for subsidisation” tion of community and educational work,
to continue a journey from there. In goods In areas thus classified, it is permitted to social cohesion as well as the strength
transport, intermodality embodies the erect only buildings that meet certain ening of personal responsibility and the
transport of standardised units (e. g. con- structural specifications based on the ability for self-organisation on the part of
tainers) and their shipping via different housing subsidy system, e. g. thermal the actors involved.
means of transport, e. g. rail and lorry. insulation or maximum useful floorspace
per housing unit. This is to ensure that a Modal split
Knowledge economy sufficient volume of affordable dwellings Distribution of traffic volumes across
The term “knowledge economy” defines can be constructed in the future as well. several means of transport (modes). As
those economic activities that are particu- a rule, the modal split refers to trips
larly dependent on a knowledge base, Master Plan for a Viennese Urbanity and indicates which means of transport
from which they develop new knowledge Campaign are used for a certain percentage of trips.
or innovative high-tech products in turn. The Vienna Economic Chamber has de
The knowledge economy is composed veloped a catalogue of measures to Multimodality
of three interlinked pillars – universities, preserve ground-floor zones. The cata- In simple words, multimodality applies
high-tech production and knowledge- logue contains proposals for upgrading if more than one means of transport is or
intensive services. The importance of ground-floor zones and is to provide can be used to cover a distance or to
knowledge-oriented economic activities is suggestions for preserving the diversity transport goods; for travelling from and
growing, which makes them a key driver of Vienna’s small- and medium-scale eco- to work, a person may e. g. use either a
of the economic and spatial development nomy, which is considered a major con- bicycle or a car, or merchandise may
of metropolitan regions. tributor to urban appeal. be brought to its destination by a combi
nation of navigation and railway.
KÖR GmbH – Kunst Metropolitan region
im öffentlichen Raum A metropolitan region is an area compris- Multiple use
In 2004, the establishment of the Fund ing at least one big city of international Multiple use of available open spaces in
for Art in Public Space set the course for importance, serving a variety of high-level the city is a reaction to the scarcity of
high-quality artistic design of public space. centralised functions, and the region urban open spaces as well as to current
Since then, KÖR, which today is organised surrounding it. As a rule, such a region and local demands and moreover com
as a public limited liability company, has encompasses, in addition to the urban plements existing open space pro-
evolved into an interdepartmental model agglomeration, further core settlements grammes. It is the main objective of mul-
instrument involving the Administrative as well as rural zones that are closely tiple use to open potentials of municipally
Groups for Housing, Housing Construction linked to the regional centre, e. g. by com- owned plots to other interested parties,
and Urban Renewal and for Cultural muter traffic flows. As central nuclei of e. g. the use of schoolyards and school
Affairs and Science. Over the past decade, co-operation and competition, metropol- sports grounds in the afternoon, during
KÖR GmbH has implemented around itan regions are hubs of international weekends or in the holidays.
140 projects in Vienna’s public space. networking. Metropolitan regions may
have up to 20 million inhabitants, may be NFSR − net floorspace ratio
Landscape account transboundary, are politically defined in The floorspace ratio (FSR) embodies the
A selection of priority areas is proposed a variety of ways and usually lack institu- ratio of a building's total floor area to the
by the City of Vienna and the Federal tions of their own. size of the piece of land upon which it is
138
In-SU
built. It is calculated by dividing the sum to a political decision-making body and Services of general interest
total of all areas of a building on a given the co-ordination body of the three pro The term “services of general interest”
plot of land by the size of the plot. The vincial administrations, PGO also operates stands for the comprehensive and reliable
net floorspace ratio (NFSR) is applied if a joint office to implement its work pro- provision of public goods and services
only the area of the actual building land is gramme. entailing a special responsibility for the
used as divider without taking account community at large. This e. g. includes the
of public roads or open areas that are Praxisbuch Partizipation provision of energy, (drinking) water, solid
also part of the plot. An NGFZ of 2.0 thus This practical manual published in 2012 waste and wastewater disposal, educa-
would indicate that the total floor area of by Municipal Department 18 supports tion, culture, medical services and public
a building is two times the area of the staff members of the Vienna City Admin- transport. Services of general interest are
plot on which it is constructed. istration working in the field of urban characterised by the fact that all citizens
development or related areas such as have equal access to vital institutions and
Non-formal learning public space design in their professional services as well as by the reliability and
Non-formal learning is learning embed- design, planning and implementation of continuity of these institutions and ser-
ded in planned activities but not explicitly public participation processes (“Werk vices and, in case of public ownership of
referred to as such (with regard to learn- stattberichte der Stadtentwicklung Wien” the bodies supplying them, by democratic
ing goals, learning support or the time (No. 127)). control and public responsibility for them.
spent with learning) yet including a dis- In Austria, the definition and type of ser-
tinct “learning element”. From the view- Rainwater management vice performance are normally associated
point of the learner, non-formal learning Rainwater management offers the pos with a high degree of municipal autonomy.
is intentional, and its results can be valid- sibility of retaining water precipitated
ated and certified. Non-formal learning on built-up and sealed areas within the Smart grid
is also referred to as “semi-structured natural water cycle and thus relieving Smart power grids are networks that
learning”. sewers. This can have a positive effect on link and control various components –
temperature, air quality and climate. electricity generator, storage unit, energy
Parking slot regulation distribution and transmission networks –
The parking slot regulation is an instru- REGIONALE as well as consumers on the basis of
ment embedded in the Building Code for REGIONALE was introduced in North sophisticated, fine-tuned management.
Vienna. In the context of land use and Rhine-Westphalia as a structural support In addition to the optimisation and moni
development plan drafting, it is thus pos- measure. The Land of North Rhine- toring of the individual components, the
sible to reduce the number of legally Westphalia thus offers regions ways and objective lies in ensuring efficient and
mandatory parking slots if an area is eas- means to strengthen their regional profile. reliable energy supply in the future.
ily reachable by public transport. This The aim lies in finding a common posi-
reduced number of mandatory parking tion in the context of international and Stadtregion+
slots supports the traffic policy goal of national competition and thus to render The term “Stadtregion +” defines eastern
strengthening eco-friendly means of the region competitive as an attractive Lower Austria, northern Burgenland
transport (public transport, cycling and place to live and do business in. Based on and Vienna and in addition to the “core
walking). this model, a similar REGIONALE initiative city” Vienna comprises 205 Lower Aus-
could promote and strengthen competi- trian and 63 Burgenland municipalities.
PGO – Planungsgemeinschaft Ost tions for joint projects in the Vienna city Inter alia, commuter flows, accessibility
This is a joint organisation of the Federal region. conditions and demographic forecasts
Provinces of Vienna, Lower Austria and were used to delimit the space covered by
Burgenland to consult and agree on Resilience this extended agglomeration. Under the
relevant spatial planning issues. Its scope This word describes the ability of a system title “Stadtregion+”, PGO analysed various
of work comprises the development of to deal with change. Resilience strategies possible scenarios of future settlement
joint spatial planning objectives, the may be inter alia preventive (resistance development and formulated a spatial
thematic co-ordination and scheduling of developed providently to withstand nega development strategy.
plans impacting regional space, the rep- tive external influences), adaptive (ability
resentation of joint interests and the to return quickly to the original situation) SUM – City-Environs Management
implementation of research projects of or innovative (active use of advantages SUM (Stadt-Umland-Management,
importance for regional planning in resulting from changing environmental City-Environs Management) is an initiative
the three federal provinces. In addition conditions). of the Federal Provinces of Vienna and
139
GLOSSARY
Lower Austria for intensified co-operation tions, transport and mobility, energy ated by the City of Vienna and imple
across provincial borders to improve and environment, supply and disposal, mented together with over 325 partner
the exploitation of development potentials construction and housing as well as con organisations. The preamble to the
of the urban region. City-Environs Man- servation. They are one focal point of Charter reads, “Vienna is home: for
agement is embedded in the association Vienna’s urban research activities and of women and men, for young and old, for
“Niederösterreich/Wien − gemeinsame the Technology Agency of the City of those who were born here and for those
Entwicklungsräume” and is concerned Vienna. who moved to the city, for people with
with planning and management tasks that different worldviews, beliefs and needs.
affect both Vienna and the neighbouring Vienna Business Agency To get along well, we need to respect each
municipalities in Lower Austria. This on The Vienna Business Agency is the central other. Respect means accepting other
the one hand involves issues of joint stra- point of the City of Vienna for both Aus- people the way they are – as we ourselves
tegic regional development and on the trian and foreign enterprises, company wish to be accepted and respected.
other hand touches on concrete joint proj founders and investors. The task and Human rights are our common basis.”
ects. objective of this institution lie in strength-
ening Vienna’s enterprises and their Vienna Region
Superordinate green corridors innovative clout as well as in sustainably VIENNA REGION Marketing GmbH is a
Superordinate green corridors are con- modernising Vienna as a business loca- public company established in 2008
tiguous open spaces that can serve social, tion. Together with its subsidiaries, the and owned by the Federal Provinces of
ecological and climatological functions. Vienna Business Agency supports the Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland.
They provide the local population with implementation of innovative growth proj It is the purpose of this enterprise to
open spaces near their homes, create and ects by offering financial incentives, internationally position and market the
safeguard habitats for animals and plants customised counselling and business Vienna Region as a business and techno-
and network these, foster traffic avoid- infrastructure. logy location. The supraregional plat-
ance by means of good accessibility and form “VIENNA REGION Wirtschaft.Raum.
moreover benefit the generation and Vienna Campus Model and Vienna Entwicklung GmbH” serves as an instru-
transport of fresh air. Campus plus Model / campus sites ment to co-ordinate co-operation and
The Vienna Campus Model and its suc- facilitate knowledge transfer between the
Two-tiered developers’ competitions cessor, the Vienna Campus plus Model, federal provinces.
Developers’ competitions are a time-tried concentrate kindergartens, schools and
instrument of subsidised housing con- leisure education in one location. Campus Vienna’s open space network
struction in Vienna. They play a key role in plus sites opt increasingly for the net- Vienna’s open space network comprises
safeguarding high quality in housing con- working of individual educational institu- the city’s main network of priority green
struction and ensure efficient and cost- tions as well as for the integration of fur- and open space corridors that are of
effective solutions. Two-tiered developers’ ther partners within the education sector, importance for the city as a whole and
competitions further evolve this success- e. g. Music Schools of the City of Vienna, hence must be sustainably protected and
ful instrument. They allow for the grad- mass sports, youth centres and other adequately designed. The open space
ual development of optimised urbanistic, neighbourhood service providers. Multiple network was defined by taking account of
architectural and functional solutions use is aimed for in as many areas as pos- four main functions of urban open and
while involving municipal experts, teams sible. Thus Campus plus is an all-inclu green spaces: everyday functions (signi-
of architects and project developers. sive educational facility for children aged ficance of open and green spaces as key
0 to 10 years that is steeped in a compre- axes and spaces of movement on foot or
University Location Vienna Concept hensive and holistic concept of education. by bike, as central places of social con-
The University Location Vienna Concept tacts and as spaces of experience, leisure
analysed the interactions between univer- Vienna Charter and relaxation), structuring of the urban
sity sites and urban development. The The Vienna Charter was launched in fabric (significance of open and green
analysis showed that Vienna disposes of March 2012 and constituted a hitherto spaces for the structuring of the urban
a sufficient number of locations suitable unique citizen participation project in fabric, orientation and identity creation),
for universities. Europe. Pursuing the objective of jointly functions for urban ecology (significance
shaping good-neighbourly relations in of open and green spaces for the urban
Urban technologies Vienna, a total of 8,500 Viennese con- climate, air quality and groundwater
This term covers products and services in ducted discussions in 651 groups to voice recharge), nature conservation functions
such thematic areas as telecommunica- their ideas. The Charter process was initi- (significance of open and green spaces as
140
Su-Wo
habitats of animals and plants, the agement forecasts and related necessary
biotope network and ecosystem protec- measures; 3) demand, status quo and
tion). As a rule, these four main func- operation of waste treatment plants and
tions overlap and complement each landfills; and 4) the required number of
other in the defined open and green space persons or facilities for waste disposal
corridors, although the weighting of the consultancy services. The current Waste
respective criteria obviously varies. Management Plan for Vienna covers the
period from 2013 to 2018.
Viennese Analysis of Industrial
and Commercial Areas wohnfonds_wien
Good-quality industrial and commercial wohnfonds_wien was established in
areas are essential for a city’s standing as 1984 as the then Vienna Land Provision
a business hub, the preservation of indus- and Urban Renewal Fund. Its tasks com-
trial production on-site and its supply prise on the one hand the preparation
with logistics and trade functions. In 2008, and implementation of urban renewal
the City of Vienna joined forces with the measures in the context of gentle urban
Vienna Economic Chamber and the Vienna renewal and on the other hand the pro-
Business Agency to conduct an analysis vision of real restate for social housing
of industrial and commercial areas to construction in Vienna and quality assur-
obtain an overview of industrial and com- ance in the field of building construc-
mercial production in the Austrian capital, tion with the aid of two instruments:
to classify these areas and, in due course, developers’ competitions and the Land
to designate zones for these purposes. Advisory Board.
141
15 Fig. 1:
Demographic development
of Vienna from 1910 to 2025
15 Fig. 2:
Population forecast in scenarios
17 Fig. 3:
Vienna: coming and going
17 Fig. 4:
Employed workers in Vienna
in 2012
32 Fig. 5:
STEP as a strategic framework
37 Fig. 6:
Provision of 120,000 housing units
(from 2014 to 2025)
LIST OF 55 Fig. 7:
Net floorspace ratio
(photos: Christian Fürthner)
ILLUSTRATIONS 67 Fig. 8:
Mission Statement for
Urban Development
71 Fig. 9:
Metropolitan regions in Europe
76 Fig. 10:
The three strands of
the knowledge economy
89 Fig. 11:
Everyday trips from
the region to Vienna
94 Fig. 12:
Areas of co-operation of
City-Environs Management,
Stadtregion+ and centrope
97 Fig. 13:
Fundamental principles of
spatial development, Stadtregion+
106 Fig. 14:
Modal split
109 Fig. 15:
Car ownership
109 Fig. 16:
Development of
Wiener Linien passenger
123 Fig. 17:
Mission Statement
for Green Spaces
127 Fig. 18:
Predicted growth of
children and young people
© Portraits, foreword:
Michael Häupl
Michelle Pauty/PID
Maria Vassilakou
Lukas Beck
Brigitte Jilka
Klaus Vhynalek
142
The translation is based on
the German-language
Urban Development Plan Vienna
STEP 2025, which was adopted by the
Vienna City Council on 25 June 2014.
Project leader
Michael Rosenberger, MA 18
Project team, MA 18
Birgit Akagündüz-Binder
Katharina Conrad
Mathis Falter
Rainer Hauswirth
Barbara Hetzmannseder
Josef Hutter
Martina Liebhart
Kurt Mittringer
Kirsten Müllner
Beatrix Rauscher
Katharina Söpper
Content based on
extensive expertise
of City of Vienna staff,
external planning specialists,
enlarged by findings
drawn from a broad-based
consultation process.
Text
europaforum wien and öir projekthaus
Photos
Marcus Werres
Printed by
AV+Astoria druckzentrum gmbH
Copyright
Municipal Department 18 (MA 18) -
Urban Development and Planning
Vienna 2014
All rights reserved.
www.step.wien.at
143