Bioinformatics

Prof. M. Michael Gromiha

Department of Biotechnology
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras

Lecture - 2a
DNA Sequence analysis

Genetic material

Nucleotides
DNA backbone formation

DNA
DNA base pairing

Complementary strand

Reverse complement of a sequence can be obtained for obtaining the second strand.

EMBOSS
This program is available both online and offline versions. This is useful for basic
sequence analyses, such as getting reverse complement, protein sequence, open reading
frames, etc.

Translation
Genetic code

Protein sequence from RNA sequence

Algorithm to convert RNA to protein

EMBOSS module to convert RNA into protein sequence

Reading frames

Totally 6 reading frames (3 forward and 3 reverse) are possible.

Reverse reading frame
EMBOSS program to extract all possible reading frames

Output of 6 reading frames

* refers to a stop codon.