Senior High School

21st Century Literature from

the Philippines and the World
Quarter 1
Literary Genres in the 21st Century and Earlier Periods
EN12Lit-Id-25
Core Subject – 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Supplementary Learning Material
Quarter 1 – Literary Genres in the 21st Century and Earlier Periods
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author : Marilou Delos Reyes

Language Reviewer : Maica Jill N. De Guzman
Content Editor : Esperanza S. Nunez, PhD
Illustrator : Lex Vernon G. Anzano
Layout Artist : Lex Vernon G. Anzano

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EPS – English

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 Senior High School

21st Century Literature from

the Philippines and the World
Quarter 1
Literary Genres in the 21st Century and Earlier Periods
EN12Lit-Id-25
 Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Supplementary
Learning Material (SLM) on Literary Genres in the 21st Century and Earlier Periods.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from
public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and the learners as they do the tasks
included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Supplementary
Learning Material (SLM) on Literary Genres in the 21st Century and Earlier Periods.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correctly (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
 This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.
This contains answers to all activities in the
module.

At the end of this module, you will also find:

References- This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 This module provides varied activities that will help you learn about the
similarities and differences between the various 21 st century genres and the ones
from the earlier genres/periods by citing their elements, structures and traditions
(EN12Lit-Id-25).
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. identify genres of literature before the 21 st century;
2. identify genres of 21st century literature; and
3. compare and contrast the 21st century genres and the ones from
the earlier periods based on their elements, structure, and tradition.

Directions: Write “Deal” if the statement is correct and “No Deal” if incorrect. Write your
answers on the space provided before each number.

___________1. Blog is an example of a 21 st century literature genre.

___________2. Twenty first century (21st) century literature includes those that are

published in 1990s.

___________3. Informal style of literature is highly acceptable in the 21 st century genres.

___________4. The use of pictures and links online are prohibited in the 21 st century

literature.

___________5. Poems always have plots.

___________6. The use of text conversation and illustrations is not applicable to earlier

genres.

___________7. Folklore is based on unsubstantial beliefs.

___________8. Haiku is a three-line stanza poem with a 5/7/5 syllable count.

___________9. An autobiography presents a written account of another person’s life.

___________10. Authors from the earlier periods often strictly follow certain writing rules

unlike in the 21st century.

 Before we proceed with your next lesson, let us recall what you have learned from
the previous module.

Directions: From the words in the box below, choose what is being described in each
statement. Write your answer on the space provided before each number.

_________1. Conversion of a literary text from its original form to another

genre
_________2. First period of the Philippine literary history and is the longest
(Early times-1564)
_________3. Process of giving explanation or judgment by the reader to a text
_________4. Flowering period of Philippine literature in the various languages as it
continues especially with the appearance of new publications after the Martial
Law years and the resurgence of committed literature in the 1960s and 1970s
_________5. Process of paying attention to small details of the text

Critical interpretation Close analysis Pre-Colonial

Contemporary Adaptation

Can I consider my
conversation with my friend
on a social networking site
a form of literature?

Do you know the answer to his

question? Let us find out as we explore
the rest of this module.
 Studying literary genres is important. It gives you an idea of the content, form, and style
of the literary piece that you are reading. In your previous lessons, you have learned that
literature can be classified into two: fiction and nonfiction. However, various literary genres
fall under the two categories. Before all the advancements in technology, many literary
genres are already present. In this lesson, you will learn the different literary genres in the
early periods and in the 21st century.

LITERARY GENRES IN THE EARLY PERIODS

A. Genres of Fiction:
1. Poetry is known for its verse and rhythmic writing that uses figurative language and with
imagery to evoke emotional response from readers. Poetry can either be spoken or
written. It has a distinct element and structure that sets it apart from a prose or a
narrative fiction.
Example: But the Western Stars by Angela Gloria Manalang
2. Drama can be in a form of verse or prose and is usually for theatrical performance. This
literary genre under fiction is known for resolving conflicts and expressing emotions
through dialogue and action.
Example: El Consejo De Los Dioses (The Council if the Gods) by Jose Rizal
3. Fantasy a genre of fiction that has elements of magic. The characters in this literary
genre live in a world that is far from the real world set-up. It invites suspension of reality.
Example: Ibong Adarna by Francisco Baltazar
4. Fable is a story about supernatural or extraordinary people portrayed by animals that
can speak. It is usually a narration showing the truth.
Example: Si Matsing at si Pagong
5. Short Story is shorter than a novel. It is a work of fiction of such briefness that it can be
finished in one sitting. It typically involves few characters and is focused on evoking the
mood of the story rather than its plot.
Example: The Bread of Salt by NVM Gonzales
6. Realistic Fiction is a story that can happen in real life.
Example: Servant Girl by Estrella D. Alfon
7. Folklores are songs, stories, myths, and proverbs of a person of “folk” that was
passed through word of mouth. Folklore is based on unsubstantial beliefs.
Examples: Si Felimon
Leron Leron Sinta
8. Historical Fiction is a story with fictional characters and events set in the past
specifically a historical time.
Example: El Filibusterismo by Jose Rizal
9. Horror is a literary genre that presents a story of events that are frightfully shocking,
terrifying, or revolting. It is a literary piece that evokes a feeling of dread in both the
characters and the reader.
Example: The Witch by Edilberto K. Tiempo
10. Legend tells about the origin of a thing, a place, or a name. Legend may include
imaginative events but can sometimes be based on facts. Old Filipino customs are
reflected in some legends.
Example: The Legend of Mayon Volcano
11. Mystery is a genre of fiction that deals with unraveling of secrets or solving of a case or
most commonly a crime.
Example: Bakit Maalat ang Dagat?
12. Mythology is a traditional narrative which is considered as the oral literature of the
Filipino people. This often reveals human behavior and natural phenomena by using
symbolism. Often times, stories of this genre pertain to the actions of the gods.
Examples: Philippine Mythology
The Goddess of Lost Things

B. Genres of Nonfiction:
1. Narrative Nonfiction presents information with factual basis in a form of a story.
2. Essay is a short literary composition that reflects the author’s point of view. It is a literary
composition that revolves on a particular theme or subject and expresses the opinion of
the writer, and is generally speculative in nature.
3. Biography presents a written account of another person’s life.
4. Autobiography presents a written account of a person’s life personally written by
him/her.

Due to the advancements of technology, different literary genres have also emerged.
Literature has flourished and more genres have been created to accommodate the changes
that come with the emergence of technology and the digital readers.
Now, authors have the freedom to write literature in the form and style that they deem fit
and not be contained with the traditional rules in writing. The literary genres in the 21st
century allow the informal style of writing and the use of images and animations to cater to
the readers who are considered digital natives. Moreover, the themes explore more on social
justice, feminism, gender equality, and other current socio-political issues.
LITERARY GENRES IN THE 21st CENTURY

1. Creative Nonfiction is a narrative of real life events in a literary style. Creative

nonfiction can be an essay, a journal article, a research paper, a memoir, or a poem. It
may be either personal or not.
Examples: The Cardinal’s Sins, the General’s Cross, the Martyr’s Testimony, and
Other Affirmations by Gregorio C. Brillantes
Manananggal Terrorizes Manila and Other Stories by Jessica Zafra
Sapay Koma” by Jhoanna Lynn Cruz
2. Mobile Texttula is a literary work originally written on a cellular phone via text
messaging. Chapters of this literary genre usually consist of about 70-100 words each
due to limitations of characters in a cellular phone.
Example: Pulitiko by Atilla Roma
Ay! Walang kapagurang
Pagngasab at pagdaldal
Labis pang tumatakaw
Ang baboy sa labangan
3. Flash Fiction is a literary genre known for its extreme brevity. While there is no exact
word count to consider a literary piece a flash fiction, it typically uses few words to tell a
story which usually ends with a twist.
Examples: 100 Kislap, by Abdon M. Balde Jr.
Karapote: Antolohia Dagiti 13 a Nasuerte A Sarita, by Ariel S. Tabag
4. Blog is an online journal or informational website displaying information, opinions, or
experiences of the writer. It is a platform where a writer or even a group of writers share
their views on a particular subject. Some common blogging websites are WordPress
and Google Blogger.
Examples: Technology blogs of Abe Olandres (founder of yugatech.com)
Food blogs of Anton Diaz (founder of ourawesomeplanet.com)
5. Graphic Novel is a narrative work that tells a story using comic form.
Examples: The Mythology Class (Nautilus comics) by Arnold Arre
Light (Anino comics) by Rob Cham
6. Digital Fiction is a literary experience that combines three media: book, movie/video,
and internet website that is why it is commonly called triple media literature. Readers of
this literary genre have to read, navigate, view, and control the characters in the story to
create their way into its own story world.
7. Doodle Fiction is a literary presentation that uses handwritten graphics, doodles, and
drawings by the writer to enhance and add humor to the story.
THEN AND NOW

To understand the similarities and differences of the various 21st century genres and
the ones from the earlier periods based on their elements, structure, and tradition, let us
take one genre into focus – poetry.

Poetry is a type of literature that conveys a thought, describes a scene or tells a story
in a concentrated and lyrical arrangement of words.

Let us explore some of the forms of poetry from the earlier periods and the 21st
century literature.

Forms of Poetry
Then: Famous Poems Now: 21st Century Poems

1. Sonnet - is a fourteen-line poem with

1. Texttula – is a mobile phone poetry,
a fixed rhyme scheme.
using short traditional formal verses
like Tanaga.
2. Ode – is a lyrical stanza written in
praise for a person, event, or thing.
2. 2 Song Lyrics - are words that make
up a song usually consisting of
3. Epic – is a long and narrative poem verses and choruses.
that normally tells a story about a
hero or an adventure.
3. Performance Poetry - uses the stage
as the page, transforming poetry
4. Haiku – is a three-line stanza poem readings into theatrical event.
with a 5/7/5 syllable count. It focuses
on the beauty and simplicity found in
4. Node Poetry - uses an interactive
nature.
online interface to make readers
active participants in exploring and
5. Ballad - is a form of verse, often a constructing poetry.
narrative set to music, and often
based on a legend or a folktale. It
5. Experimental/Visual Poetry- the poet
contains a moral or a lesson.
takes words and shapes them to
create a 3D representation of their
work through
6. the use of multimedia. Concrete
poems
7. can be visually depicted on glass,
stone, wood, manuscript pages or
other materials.

Elements and Structure of Poetry

Poetry is a language that is written following specific patterns, rhythms, structures,

and/or rhymes to express ideas and emotions. It contains unique devices which makes it
different from other genres of literature.
 Knowing the elements and structures of a poem can help the reader understand the
meaning of a literary piece.

Elements and Structure of Poetry Meaning

a word or row of words, may or may not
1. Line
be in complete sentence, varies in length
a group lines in a poem [like a
2. Stanza
paragraph]
each stanza is a separate emotion or
idea
each contribute to the overall meaning of
the poem
the repetition of sounds at the end of the
3. Rhyme
words
the repeating of a word or phrase to add
4. Repetition
rhythm or to focus on an idea
the repetition of beginning consonant
5. Alliteration
sounds
ex: creamy crunchy
open form, does not have a regular
6. Free verse
rhyme pattern
the voice that communicates with the
7. Speaker
reader of the poem [like a narrator or
character]
the feeling the reader gets from the poem
8. Tone
the lesson or message learned in a poem
9. Theme

Independent Activity 1
Identify the given genres of literature prior to 21 st century. Put a “” on the box if the
genre is fiction or an “x” if nonfiction.

1. essay 6. biography
2. short story 7. fable
3. mythology 8. speech
4. drama 9. folklore
5. autobiography 10. horror
Independent Assessment 1
Identify the genre being described. Write your answers on the space provided before each
number.

_______________ 1. It is a short literary composition where the author can make

an argument, exposition, description, or narration to a
particular subject.
_______________ 2. In this genre, the protagonists are animals that can speak like
humans.
_______________ 3. It is a literary text with all the characteristics of a novel.
However, it has no chapter.
_______________ 4. It is a literary text that gives information about one’s own life.
_______________ 5. It a literary text that deals with the solution of a crime or the
unraveling of secrets.

Independent Activity 2

Read each characteristic carefully. Write EP if the characteristic is under Earlier Periods
and 21C if it is under 21st Century.

___________ 1. It originates from oral storytelling.

___________ 2. It usually follows a strict set of rules in writing.
___________ 3. It deals with current themes and issues.
___________ 4. It follows specific rhyme guidelines in poetry.
___________ 5. It is written from (roughly) the year 2001 up to the present.

Independent Assessment 2
Read the two given literary texts. Afterwards, show their similarities and differences in
elements and structure using the given Venn Diagram.

MY FATHER GOES TO COURT (Summary)

By Carlo Bulusan

There was this family who lived in a small town in the island of Luzon. They had this
neighbor who is a very rich man who had a very tall and big house. The rich man had his
children who used to come out from their house and looked in the window watching the poor
family’s lifestyle. He also had his maids in his house who constantly cook delicious food for
them. The poor family was fond of the aroma of the food so they usually stood outside their
house and savor the smell of it.

One day, the rich man stared at them horribly from the window and it seemed that
he was condemning the poor family. He looked at the father and his children who were both
healthy. Illogically, the poor man’s children were so healthy even they did not experienced
eating delicious foods while the rich man’s children were pale and thin even they were so
much consumed of delicious foods.

As the days passed, the windows of the house were all closed. All that the people
can hear is the sound of the wealthy family coughing unstoppable and it made them think that
the sound was like the barking of a herd of seals.

One morning a policeman from the presidency came to the poor family’s house with
a sealed paper and it is because the rich man complained that they have been stealing the
spirit of the delicious food that belonged to the rich family. So the father went to the court.
The rich man’s lawyer had thrown him some questions and he did respond to them all. The
rich man did not stop complaining and he even let his children come in to the court for proof.
Until the judge dismissed the case because the father paid the rich man by his collected
coins and he made them produced a wonderful sound. It became fair, and they ended up
laughing because of the nonsense case.

Cotton Candy

“One more, please?” Pedro cried out a prayer. He counted the small change he got from
yesterday’s earnings. He still needed to meet his daily quota of cotton candy sales before he
could start making any profits for the day.

The gloom on his face brightened and he couldn’t help a smile broaden when two beautifully
dressed girls approached him.

“Manong, can we get two cotton candies please?” the girl in a blue dress asked.

“Yes, of course, iha,” he replied.

Teresa! Come inside the van, we’re about to leave,” a man’s voice shouted.

Ah, sorry Manong. Time to go,” she apologiozed. “I’ll come back next week.”

The smile on Pedro’s face melted as he nodded hopefully at the gir.

Then, a lady carrying a baby from his side asked for half a dozen pieces.

“Thank you,” Pedro graciously whispered.

 My Father Goes to Court Cotton Candy

Independent Activity 3
Answer the given questions below. Write your answers on the lines provided after
each number.

Haiku Six-Word Flash Fiction

But for the meantime, “I hate the way I love”

I have to conceal my heart,
And love secretly.

1. What is the theme of the two literary texts?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. Based on their structure, what do you think is their similarity?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
 3. Can you identify some differences between the two genres?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Independent Assessment 3
Read the two literary pieces below. Identify the similarities and differences of
the two patriotic hymns according to their elements, structures, and
traditions.

Patriotic Poem in Colonial Times Patriotic Poem in the 21st Century

Pilipinas Kong Mahal We Win as One

By Ildefonso Santos/ Francisco Santiago
(English Translation)
You are my only country,
my beloved Philippines.
My heart and even my life,
to you I shall give.
The duty I shall fulfill,
is to always serve you;
to guard your freedom,
By Lea Salonga
We stand today opponents
We strive to bring home pride
And yet our power when combined
Is a force to change the world
Our nations share a common dream
Our roots are old and new
Our stories joyful echoing of bonds
Forged to strong and true

my chosen Philippines. Together we're a universe

We are a future world
Yes we compete but the greatest feat is
When we win as one

We win as one unconquered

We win as one
Unbowed we share a single promised
We win as one
Yes we compete but the greatest feat is
When we win
We win
We win as one

Together we're a universe

We are a future world
Yes we compete but the greatest feat is
When we win as one
Elements,Structure and Pilipinas kong Mahal We Win as One
Tradition

Structure
How many stanza are
there?

Language
What are the words that
are repeated? Why are
they repeated?

Affect
What do you feel when
you read the poem?

Meaning
What is the central message
of the poem?

Directions: Answer the following questions on the space provided.

1. Which do you prefer to read, genres in the Earlier Periods or genres in the 21 st
century? Explain your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. Do you think 21st Century literary genres can replace the Earlier Period genres? Why
or why not?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
 3. Give three examples of literary genres from the Early Periods and another three from
the 21st Century.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Directions: Think of one literary piece from 21 st century and one from earlier periods.
Differentiate them by completing the table based on the given elements in the first column.
ELEMENTS TO TITLE TITLE
COMPARE AND _________________________ _________________________
CONTRAST
Author

Genre

Setting

Characters

Theme

Tone

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on the blank
provided before each number.

_________ 1. It is a short literary composition that reflects the author’s outlook

or point.
A. essay C. biography
B. fiction D. autobiography
_________ 2. It is a written account of another person’s life.
A. novel C. biography
B. story D. autobiography
_________ 3. It is a story about supernatural or extraordinary people.
A. fable C. legend
B. fantasy D. myth
_________ 4. It refers to traditional beliefs, customs, and stories of a
community, passed through the generations by word of mouth.
A. fables C. myths
B. folklores D. legends

_________ 5. It is a literary genre that presents a story of events that are

frightfully shocking, terrifying, or revolting.
A. fantasy C. horror
B. mystery D. mythology
_________ 6. A fictional story that takes readers to a time and place in the
past.
A. drama C. realistic fiction
B. short story D. historical fiction
_________ 7. It a verse and rhythmic writing with imagery that evokes an
emotional response to the reader.
A. drama C. poetry
B. fiction D. nonfiction
_________ 8. It is an online journal where a writer or even a group of writers
share their views on an individual subject.
A. blog C. mobile texttula
B. digi fiction D. creative nonfiction
_________ 9. It is a literary experience that combines three media: book,
movie/video, and Internet website.
A. digi fiction C. doodle fiction
B. flash fiction D. graphic novel
_________ 10. It is a narrative work in which the story is conveyed to the reader
using comic form.
A. flash fiction C. graphic novel
B. creative nonfiction D. mobile texttula
Directions: Compose a mobile texttula with a title of your choice, consisiting of four lines
with seven syllables each, and following the rhyme schemes below.

Rhyme Schemes:
1. The Basic or AAA Rhyme Scheme
2. The Enclosed or ABBA Rhyme Scheme (a.k.a. inipit in Filipino)
3. The Alternate or ABAB Rhyme Scheme (a.k.a. salitan in Filipino)
4. AABB Rhyme Scheme (a.k.a. sunuran in Filipino)
A. What I Need to Know
B. What I Know
1. Deal 6. Deal
2. No Deal 7. Deal
3. Deal 8. Deal
4. No Deal 9. No Deal
5. No Deal 10. Deal
C. What’s In
1. Adaptation
2. Pre-colonial
3. Critical interpretation
4. Contemporary
5. Close analysis
D. What’s New
E. What Is It
F. What’s More
Independent Activity 1 Independent Assessment 1 Independent Activity 2
1.  1. essay 1. EP
2. 
2. fable 2. EP
3. 
4.  3. short story 3. 21C
5.  4. autobiography 4. EP
6. 
7.  5. mystery 5. 21C
8. 
9. 
10. 
Independent Assessment 2
(Sample answers) Answers may vary
 Independent Activity 3 (Sample answers) Answers may vary
1. Both literary texts center on loving someone secretly.
2. Both have free verse.
3. Haiku consists of three (3) lines with 5-7-5 syllable count while 6-word Flash Fiction
consists of one (1) line with six (6) words.
Independent Assessment 3
Elements,Structure Pilipinas kong Mahal We Win as One
and Tradition
S tructure Two stanzas Five stanzas
How many stanza
are there?
L anguage
What are the words Philippines , my We win as one, we win
that are repeated? Philippines one
Why are they
The importance of To stress unity and
repeated? having a country to love hope
(Sample answers) (Sample answers)
Answers may vary Answers may vary
A ffect I feel blessed and I feel great and proud.
What do you feel happy.
when you read the
poem? (Sample answers) (Sample answers)
Answers may vary Answers may vary
Love of country and Unity in diversity:
Meaning sense of patriotism of Take pride of being a
What is the central the Filipinos Filipino
message of the Bayanihan spirit of the
poem? Filipinos
G. What I Have Learned (Sample answers) Answers may vary
1. I prefer to read more of 21st century literature of the Philippines because it involves current
socio-political events. It reflects the realities of today.
2. I don’t think that the 21st century literature genres can replace the genres from the earlier
period because they are still valuable. People still use those genres to express themselves.
3. Three example genres from the earlier period are fable, epic and short story. On the other
hand, flash fiction, texttula and digital fictions are examples of genre from the 21 st century.
H. What I Can Do
Answers may vary
I. What I Can Do
(Sample answers) Answers may vary
ELEMENTS TO TITLE TITLE
COMPARE AND ______May Day Eve________ _Kikomachine Komix Blg. 2_
CONTRAST
Author Nick Joaquin Manix Abrera
Genre Short Story Graphic Novel
Setting
Characters
Theme
Tone
J. Assessment
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. A
10. C
K. Additional Activity
Answers may vary
References:

Aldeguer, Thea. “Textula.” Accessed August 3, 2020. https://prezi.com/3nhoq2lndlz1/textula/

Baraceros, Esther L. 2009. English for Academic Writing. Manila City: Rex Book Store, Inc.

Baraceros, Esther L. 2008. Reading and Thinking Skills. Manila City: Rex Book Store, Inc.

Blogspot. 2012. “Philippine Literature (Famous Literary Works).” Accessed August 3, 2020.
https://jm92-philippineliteraryworks.blogspot.com/2012/09/introduction-philippine-
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Cruz, Katrina Melissa. n.d. “21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World.”
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Munalim, Leonardo O. 2019. “The Discourse of Ms. Lea Salonga’s We Win as One for 2019
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Roldan, Aurora H. 2010. College Reading and Writing. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing, Inc.

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Wordpress.2017. “Summary, Review and Reflection: My Father Goes to Court by Carlos

Bulusan”. Accessed Aug 4, 2020. https://creativegirlwriter.wordpress.com/2017/08/28
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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