Answers

1. (a) (i) Conservation of momentum in the horizontal direction

m A u A + 0 = ( m A + m B )v
3(5) = (3 + 2)v, v = 3 m s-1
(ii) The kinetic energy is not conserved because the collision is an inelastic collision.
(b) (i) Install one trolley with a spring-loaded plunger.
(ii) (m A + m B )v + 0 = (m A + m B )v'+ m B v B
5(3) = 5v’ + 3(3.75)
v’ = 0.75 m s-1
change in momentum of B 3(3.75) − 0
(iii) average force on B = = = 112.5 N
time interval 0.1
Hence the average force between the trolley during collision is 112.5 N
(iv) (1) Total momentum before collision = (5)(2) = 10 kg m s-1
Total momentum after collision = 5(0.8) + 3(2) = 10 kg m s-1
The result is possible because the momenta before and after collision are equal.
(2) Total KE before collision
1
(5)(2) 2 = 10 J
2
Total KE after collision
1 1
(5)(0.8) 2 + (3)(2) 2 = 7.6 J The result is possible as some energy is lost.`
2 2

2. Consider the momentum along XY:

(0.4)(3 cos 40°) = 0.4vx + 0.4 × 1.2
vx = 1.098, the velocity component of ball A along XY after collision.
Consider the momentum perpendicular to XY:
(0.4)(3 sin 40°) = 0.4 × vy
vy = 1.928, the velocity component of ball A perpendicular to XY after collision.

Magnitude of v = v x 2 + v y 2 = 2.22 m s-1

It makes an angle θ with XY

vy 1.928
tan θ = = , θ = 60.3°
vx 1.098
Energy lost during collision:
1 1 
( )
0.4 × 3 2 −  0.4  2.22 2 + 1.2 2 =0.526 J
2 2 
3. (a) (i) Loss in PE = mgh = (800)(10)(28) = 224 000 J [1]
1 1
(ii) Gain in KE =mv 2 − 0 = (800)(20) 2 = 160 000 J [1]
2 2
Hence work done against friction = 224 000 – 160 000 = 64 000 J [1]
(iii) work done against friction = fs
64 000 = f (256), f = 250 N [1]
(b) From Y to Z, work done against friction
= fπ(9) = 250 × 3 × 9 = 6750 J
loss in KE = increase in PE + work done against friction

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F4 Physics Quiz (2 term) page 4
 1 1
(800)(20) 2 − (800)v 2 = (800)(10)(18) + 6750
2 2
v = 4.8 m s-1 [3]
(c) (i) Resultant force = braking force + friction = 350 + 250 = 600 N
F −600
(ii) a= = = -0.75 m s-2
m 800
v −u 0−2
(iii) ` t = = = 2.7 s [3]
a − 0.75
(d) Statement 1 is correct.
Since the speed of the cart at X is zero and no energy is supplied to the cart, the cart cannot
reach a point higher than Z.
Statement 2 is correct.
Since the speed of the cart at Z is not zero if the loss in KE of the cart from Z to C is
greater than the work done against friction, C can be higher than Z. [5]

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F4 Physics Quiz (2 term) page 5