Republic of the Philippines

Northwest Samar State University

Rueda St., Calbayog City 6710
Website: http//www.nwssu.edu.ph
Email: main@nwssu.edu.ph
Telefax: (055) 2093657
ISO 9001:2015 Certified

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE

ELEMENTARY GRADES

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 Chapter III - Geometry
Lesson No: 1
Lesson Title: Simple Geometric Figures

Let’s Practice:
A. Identify the following.

1. • RAY
2. • POINT
3. • • LINE SEGMENT
4. HORIZONTAL LINE

5. OBTUSE ANGLE

B. Answer the crossword puzzle with the basic terms in geometry. Clues are given.

P
E A
R A Y N
P P G P
E A L O
I N T E R S E C T I O N
D A N
I L I N E T
C L
U S E G M E N T
L L
A
R
Across
3. It has one endpoint and one arrowhead
6. These are lines that meet at one point
7. It can be extended in 2 directions endlessly
8. It has 2 endpoint

Down
1. These are lines that form right angles
2. It is formed when 2 rays meet
4. A pair of lines that never meet
5. It is represented by a dot

C.. Draw the following

X
1. point X C Y
2. line CY
3. angle IBO
I

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 B O
M N
4. line segment MN N
5. ray KW K
W

D. Solve the following problems

1. What is the least number of points needed to form a line?
Ans: We need at least two points to graph a line. All the two are needed as ordered pairs that
are solutions of line.
2. How many straight segments does a paper clip have?
Ans:
3. How many segments can be named from the figure below? Ans:

• • • • • • •
A B C D E F G

4. How many angles are there in the figure below? Ans:

5. How many rays there in the figure below? Ans:

• • • • •
Z Y X W V

Let’s Create
Sketch your dream house using the basic terms in geometry.

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 Lesson No: 2
Lesson Title: Two-Dimensional Objects

Let’s Practice
A. Identify the shapes represented by the following objects.
1. 3. 5.
2. 4.

B. Draw the following

1. rectangle

2. circle

3. triangle

4. quarter circle

5. square

C. Who am I?
1. I have four equal sides and four right angles. Who am I? Ans: Square
2. I have a shape like a doughnut. Who am I? Ans: Circle
3. I have two pairs of equal sides. I have four right angles. Who am I? Ans: Rectangle
4. I am made up of three segments. Who am I? Ans: Quarter Circle
5. I am a closed plane figure made up of five sides. Who am I? Ans: Pentagon

D. On the figure below, color all the triangles yellow, circles green, rectangles brown, and
squares orange.
E. Count the number of shapes asked.
1. Count the number of quarter circles and half circles and half circles in the figure. Sizes may
vary.
2. Count the number of triangles in the figure. Sized may vary.
3. Count the number of squares in the figure. Sizes may vary.

Let’s Create
Using the cut outs of triangles, squares, rectangles, circles, half circles and quarter
circles, make any figure that can be seen in your surroundings.

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 Lesson No: 3
Lesson Title: Three-Dimensional Objects

Let’s Practice
A. Identify the solids represented by the following objects.
1. 3. 5.
2. 4.

B. Cross out the two-dimensional shapes.

C. Draw the following

1. rectangular prism

2. square pyramid

3. cone

4. sphere

5. triangular prism

D. Who am I?
1. I have 6 faces. All of them are squares. Who am I? Ans:
2. Mayon Volcano is a representation of me. Who am I? Ans:
3. I look like a trash bin with two circular bases and one curved surface. Who am I? Ans:
4. A box is a representation of me. All my faces are rectangles. Who am I? Ans:
5. I have more than 2 faces. None of them are circles. I have one square face and the rest are
triangles. Who am I? Ans:

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 Let’s Create
Identify the solid figures that can be formed by the following.

Lesson No: 4
Lesson Title: Symmetry

Let’s Practice

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 A. Which of the following figures have correct drawing of line of symmetry?

1. 3. 5.

2. 4.

B. Draw the line of symmetry on each shape.

1. 3. 5.
M
2. 4.

C. Complete the shapes/figures by drawing the other half to make them symmetrical. The line of
symmetry will be your guide.

1. 3. 5.
2. 4.

D. Tell how many lines of symmetry can be drawn on the following shapes/figures.

1. 3. 5.

2. 4.

Let’s Create
Choose one object that has symmetry. Draw it on the illustration board. Fill it with
indigenous materials such as seeds to make it attractive.

Lesson No: 5
Lesson Title: Tessellation

Let’s Practice

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 A. What shape is repeated in the figures shown below?

1. 3. 5.
2. 4.

B. Which of the following figures show tessellation?

1. 3. 5.
2. 4.

C. Make your own tessellation using the following shapes.

1. square

2. circle

3. triangle

4. rectangle

5. hexagon and triangle

Let’s Create
Color the paper grid to make your own unique tessellation design.

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 Chapter IV - Measurement
Lesson No: 1
Lesson Title: Time Measure

Let’s Practice:

A. Complete the table

1. 1 min = 60 s 3. 1 days = 24 h
2 min = 120 s 2 days = 48 h
5 min = 300 s 6 days = 144 h
1 1
min = 30 s days = __________ h
2 3
1 1
3 min = __________ s 4 days = __________ h
2 3

2. 1 week = 7 days 4. 1 h = 3,600 s

6 weeks = 42 days 37 days = _________weeks
10 weeks = 70 days 300 minutes = 5 hours
3
weeks = __________ days 50 years = __________ century
7
3
4 weeks = __________ days 8 years =__________ decade
7

B. Solve the following problems.

1. A pet dog is now 1 year and 4 months old. How many months old it is now? Ans: 16 months
2. Alvin was able to run a race in 147 minutes. How many hours and minutes did he run the
race? Ans: 2 hrs. and 47 mins
3. One morning, the girl scouts started hiking at 5:50. They arrived at the camp site at 8:20.
How long did they hike? Ans: 2 hrs. and 30 mins
4. In a certain year, there were exactly four Fridays and exactly four Mondays in December. On
what day of the week did the 25th of December fall that year?

Let’s Create
Answer the following questions as creatively as possible.

1. What if there is no concept of time?

2. What if time was not categorized into years, months, hours, minutes and seconds?

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 Lesson No: 2
Lesson Title: Length, Mass, and Volume

A. Give the equivalent measure.

Measure of Length Measure of Mass Measure of Volume
1. 2 m = 200 cm 6. 3 kg = 3, 000 g 11. 5 L = 5, 000 mL
2. 3 km = 300, 000 cm 1 1
7. kg = 200 g 12. L= 500 mL
5 2
3. 300 km = 300 km 3 1
8. 5 kg = 5, 300 g 13. 3 L = 13, 000 mL
10 4
1 9. 2000 g = 2, 000 g 14. 2000 mL = 2 L
4. 3 km = 3, 500 m
2
5. 1 km = 100, 000 cm 10. 4500 g = 4.5 kg 15. 800 mL = 0.8 L

B. Solve the following

1
1. It takes 1 L of milk to make 1 pound of cheese. How many litres are needed to make 20
2
pounds of cheese? How many millilitres is that? Ans: 18, 927.0592 mL
2. A bag of peanuts weigh 2 kg. The peanuts were to be placed in smaller packs each weighing
250 g. How many packs will there be in all? Ans: 8 packs
3. Annaliza won the 5000 m run during the university sports fest. How many kilometres did she
run? Ans: 5 km
4. How many 250 mL of oil are needed to fill a bottle with a capacity of 5 L? Ans: 20
5. Randy was able to sell five bottles of 350 mL perfume and three bottles of 750 mL perfume.
How many litres of perfume did he sell in all? Ans. 4 L

Let’s Create
From the given facts below, pose as many problems as you can.
Given Facts: A bottle of 500 mL alcohol costs ₱95
A bottle of 1 L alcohol costs ₱180
Example:
How much will one save if he buys one bottle of 1L alcohol than two bottles of 500 mL alcohol?

Lesson No: 3
Lesson Title: Perimeter

Let’s Practice
A. Find the perimeter of the following figures.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
B. Find the missing side length of the following figures.
1. 2. 3.

C. Solve the following problems.

1. The perimeter of a rectangle is 48 dm while its lengths is 13 dm. How wide is it? Ans:
2. For his project in Science, Alvin cut a piece of wood into five sides. The perimeter of the
resulting pentagonal board is 65 dm. If the measure of the four sides are 9 dm, 12 dm, 14 dm,
and 15 dm, then what is the length of the fifth side? Ans:
3. How long is one side of the square if its perimeter is 60 cm? Ans:
4. A rectangle has a perimeter of 70 cm. Its length is 3 cm more than its width. Find the width of
the rectangle. Ans:

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 5. A rectangular school yard is 120 m long and 90 m wide. How many complete runs around it
must a runner make to be sure he has run 2 km? Ans:
Let’s Create
Do the following:
1. Draw as many rectangles whose perimeter is 30 and whose length and width are both natural
numbers. Label the length and width. How many rectangles can you make?

2. Use rubberbands on geoboards to create shapes with the following perimeter:

a. a triangle with a perimeter of 13 units
b. a square with a perimeter of 12 units
c. a rectangle with a perimeter of 14 units
d. a figure with a perimeter of 8 units

Lesson No: 4
Lesson Title: Area

Let’s Practice
A. Use the given 1-unit square tile to estimate the area of the given squares and rectangles.

1 square unit

1. 4.

2.

5.

3.

B. Find the area of the following

1. 2.
W = 7m
S = 8 cm

L = 24 m

3.
w = 3 dm 4.

L = 8 dm s = 13 mm

C. Solve the following word problems

1. Suzette wants to buy tiles for her terrace. The length of the terrace is 72 dm while its width is
48 dm. How many square tiles of side 4 dm will she buy? Ans:
2. Almar has a square table whose area is 81 sq. cm. How long is one side of the table? Ans:
3. The perimeter of a square lawn is 36 m. What is its area? Ans:

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 4. The top face of a box is rectangular with a width of 50 cm and a length of 65 cm. Flitcher
wants to cover it with plastic. How many square centimeters of plastic will he need? Ans:
5. The area of a square garden is 64 sq. m. The gardener walks along the sides of the garden
twice. What is the distance he covered? Ans:

Let’s Create
Do the following.
1. Draw as many rectangles whose area is 72 square units and whose dimensions are natural
numbers. Find the perimeter of these rectangles. When is the perimeter biggest? Least?

2. Use rubberbands on geoboards to create rectangles with a perimeter of 48 units. How many
rectangles can you make? Does the area of the rectangles vary?

Chapter V – Introduction to Algebra

Lesson No: 1
Lesson Title: Continuous and Repeating Pattern
Let’s Practice

A. Draw if the given form a pattern and if not.

1. I, B, O, I, B, O, I
2.

3.

4.

5.
A, B, D, E, S, U, I
B. What’s next in the pattern?

1.

2.
3. A, B, C, A, B, C, A, B,
4.
C
6, 13, 20, 27, 34, 41
5.

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 C. Observe the pattern and find the missing figure.
1.
2.
3. 10, Z, 20, Y, 30,_______, 40, W
4
5.

D. Answer the following problems.

1. How many squares will there be on the next figure? Ans:

2. What is the next number in the pattern 2, 9, 23, 51…? Ans:

3. A rectangular table can seat 5 people. Two rectangular tables put end to end can seat 10
people. Three rectangular tables put end to end can seat 14 people. How many people can be
seated when 6 tables are put end to end? Ans:
4. In writing number from 1 to 10, we use 11 digits. In writing numbers from 1 to 20, we use 31
digits. In writing number from 1 to 30, we use 51 digits. How many digits are there if you will
write numbers from 1 to 100? Ans:
5. Observe the pattern. How many cubes will there be on the 21st figure? Ans:

Let’s Create
Create any pattern of your own. You may use any of the letters, numbers, colors, figures,
or sizes or combination of any of these.

Lesson No: 2
Lesson Title: Number Sentence

Let’s Practice
A. Given the sum of the numbers, write at least five (5) pairs of possible addends which are
whole numbers.
1. 12

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 2. 16
3. 28
4. 30
5. 34

B. What number should replace m in each number sentence to make it correct?

1. m x 5 = 225
2. 136 + m = 208
3. 146 – m = 49
4. m ÷ 14 = 8
5. 56 + m = 234

C. Find the missing number in the number sentence.

1. 2 + N = 24 ÷ 4
2. N x 5 = 35 – 5
3. N ÷ 8 = 38 + 8
4. 8 x 4 = N + 17
5. 9 + N = N x 4

D. Translate into number sentences.

1. The sum of 9 and 13 is a.
2. y ist the product of 13 and 7.
3. The difference between 23 and 14 is r.
4. The quotient of 20 and f is 4.
5. 8 is the quotient when q is divided by 6.

E. Read the following word problems. Write a number sentence and then solve.
1. a and b are two distinct numbers. a is 4 more than b. Their sum is 28. What are the two
numbers?
2. After 14 years, Dionn will be 35 years old. How old is Dionn now?
3. There are 26 mint candles in the jar. There are 5 less mango candies than mint candies in the
jar. How many candies are there in the jar altogether?
4. The distance from Cabatuan to Santa Barbara is about 19 kilometers. Santa Barbara is about
15 kilometers away from Iloilo City. About how many kilometres is the distance from Cabatuan
to Iloilo City?
5. In a classroom, the number of chairs is twice the number of desks. The number of books is 10
more than the number of chairs. If there are 50 books in the classroom, how many desks are
there?

Let’s Create
Write as many pairs of whole numbers as you can with a sum of 100. How many pairs
can you find?

Chapter VI – Statistics and Probability for primary Learners

Lesson No: 1
Lesson Title: Data Collection and Representation in Tables

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 Let’s Practice
A. Study the table and answer the questions below.
Top Five Largest Countries in the World
Rank Country Area in sq.km
1 Russia 17,098,242
2 Canada 9,984,670
3 United States 9,826,675
4 China 9,596,960
5 Brazil 8,514,877

1. What is the title of the table? Ans: The Top Five Largest Countries in the World.
2. What are the column headers in the table? Ans: Rank, Country, and Area in sq.km
3. What country has the largest area? Ans: Russia
4. What country has the smallest area? Ans: Brazil
5. What are the countries whose land areas are bigger than 9,000,000 sq.km? Ans: China,
United States, Canada, and Russia.

B. Construct a table for the following data.

The following are five of the world’s smallest countries with their land area in square
kilometres.
Monaco-1.95; Tuvalu-26; Vatican-0.44; San Marino-61; and Nauro-21

Top Five Smallest Countries in the World

Rank Country Area in sq.km
1 Vatican 0.44
2 Monaco 1.95
3 Nauro 21
4 Tuvalu 26
5 San Marino 61

Let’s Create
Make an inventory of the classroom’s fictures such as chairs, tables, etc. and present the
data you gather in a table.

Lesson No: 2
Lesson Title: Pictographs

Let’s Practice

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 A. Study the pictograph and answer the questions that follow.

Amount of Donation of Five Towns to the Typhoon Victims

Town Amount of Donation
Pavia

San Joaquin

Estancia

Sta. Barbara

Cabatuan

Legend: = ₱1000 = ₱100

1. How much does a coin represent? Ans: The shape circle represent as the coin.
2. How many towns are included in the pictographs? Ans: There are 5 towns included above.
3. Which town donated the least amount and how much is the amount? Ans: The Cabatuan is the
town donated the least amount which is a total of ₱3, 000.
4. Which town donated the biggest amount? Ans: The Pavia is the town donated the biggest
amount which is a total of ₱6, 200.
5. How much did Sta. Barbara donate? Ans: The Sta. Barbara donated the total amount of ₱5,
100
6. What towns donated more than ₱4000? Ans: The Pavia, Estancia, and Sta. Barbara are the
towns donated more than ₱4000.
7. What is the difference between the amount of donations of San Joaquin and Estancia? Ans:
There is a difference of ₱1, 200 between the amount of donations of San Joaquin and Estancia.
8. What is the total donation of the five towns? Ans: 22, 200 is the total donation of the five
towns.

B. Construct a pictograph using the following data. Make your own questions about the
graph.
Title: Books Displayed in Philippine University Library
Legend: big book = 500 copies; small book = 200 copies
Labels: Kinds of Books Number of Copies
History 700
Mathematics 1200
Science 1000
Literature 1600
Documentary 900

C. In groups of five, complete the pictograph below and answer the questions that follow.

Title: __________________________________________________

Label Number of Candies

Candy A

Candy B

Candy C

Candy D

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 Legend: = ________________ = ________________

= ________________ = ________________

Answer the following questions:

1. What can be a good title for the pictograph?

2. If the number of Candy A is 40, Candy B is 25, Candy C is 30 and Candy D is 15, then what
would be the legend?
3. What must be the label of the column at the left?
4. How many Candy B are there in all?
5. What is the total number of candies?

Let’s Create
Make a survey on the favourite snacks of the students in your school. Then construct a
pictograph using the data collected.

Lesson 3:
Lesson Title: Bar Graphs

Let’s Practice
A. Study the bar graph and answer the questions that follow.

Concert Ticket Sales

general admission
Kinds of Tickets

lower box

upper box

patron

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Ticket Sold

1. How many Lower Box tickets were sold? Ans: 150 Lower Box tickets were sold.
2. What kind of tickets sold has the least sales? Ans: The patron tickets got the least sold tickets.
3. How many more General Admission than Upper box tickets were sold? Ans: General
Admission tickets is got sold more than the Upper Box tickets for 350.

If the prize of each kind of ticket are as follows:

Patron - ₱2000
Upper Box - ₱1000
Lower Box- ₱500
General Admission - ₱200
a. What is the total cost of all Patron tickets sold? Ans: The total cost of all the sold Patron
tickets is ₱300, 000.

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 b. Which kind of tickets earned the most? Ans: The Patron earned the most.
c. What is the total amount of all tickets sold? Ans: The Patron sold 150 tickets for ₱2, 000 each,
they earned a total amount of ₱300, 000.

B. Construct a bar graph using the following data:

Title: Tree Planting Drive
Number of Trees Planted: First Year – 90; Second Year – 75; Third Year – 80; Fourth Year –
60.

Let’s Create
Make a survey in your school on the favourite sports of the students. Construct a bar graph from
the data gathered. For each sport, present the number of boys and the number of girls
separately. Then make your own questions.

Lesson No: 4
Lesson Title: Simple Probability

Let’s Practice
Use the Probability Scale to determine the chance of each event occurring by placing a
check on the appropriate column.

Event Impossibl Unlikely Equally Most Certain

e to to happen likely to likely to to happen
happen happen happen
1. Your favourite
basketball team will win
against its opponent
which it has beaten four
games in the past four
games.
2. It will not rain in the
whole month of June
3. You will win the Lotto
4. You roll a die and get
an odd number
5. You toss a coin and
obtain a head
6. You get a color yellow
in a spinner that has three
colors
7. You grow 10 feet tall
8. You roll a die and get a
number greater than 2
9. You draw a heart from
a deck of cards
10. It will rain on hot

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES

 summer day

Let’s Create
Create a game or experiment on probability using dice, spinners, deck of cards, marbles,
candies, and even events such as making predictions on which team will win in sports such as
basketball, baseball, football, and so on.

TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES