SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
 SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
蠅
15Ⅳ IE53

／θ
USN ￨ Ъ 6 ￨ M F θ ケろ

Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.201 8/Jan.20l 9

Turbomachines
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 80

Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from each module.
００■０“﹄

Module-1
Ｑ一

I a. Differentiate between turbo machines and positive displacement machines. (08 Marks)
にｃ
ｓ∽”つｏ一

b. Test on a turbomachine runner 1.25 m in diameter at 30 m head gave the lbllowing results.
Power developed :736 KW. Speed is 180 rpm and discharge 2.7 m'ls. Find the dianreter.
”ｏ﹄

speed and discharge of a runner to operate at 45 m head and give I 472 KW at the same
一〇０ 一
∽ｏ に

efficiency. What is specific speed of both the turbines? (08 Nlarks)

¨ ０
〓 ′．
，
︼ Ｃ●一

〇い＝ ∞＋Ｎ寸´

OR
ｏ

2 a. Show that the polytropic efficiency during the expansion process is given br
⊆一Ｃ 一 “

. tr..l
tnl
” Ｅ ｏ﹂ ｏこ一 ｃｏ ∽ｏ ⊆ 〓 ∽∽ｏＬｏ 一

∞ｏ●ｏ一

-"n-r-r,
- ,tnl[p.l' LT, l (08 Nlarks)
, .,
一一一
＞′∽〓ｏ一

v LP' j I
一

b. A stream of combustion gases at the point of entry to a turbine has a static temperature of
“●σＯ﹄ＯヽｏＣ”﹂ｏ一

1050 K. static pressure of 600 kPa. and a velocity of 150 mi s. For the gases.
ｏＣ Ｏ

Cp: 1.004 kJ/kgK and y = 1.41. Find the total temperature and total pressure of the gases.
enthalpies.
“

Also find the difference between their static and total (08 Marks)
“一０ ●′‘﹄０

ｏ●︻

" M@ul4
”＞Ｏ〇一一

Derive alternate form of Euler equation and explain each component in that.
、

3 a. (08 Marks)
〓﹄ｏ∽︻●

b. In an inward radial flow hydraulic turbine rvater enters r.vith an absolute velocity of l5 m/s
にｏＱ。ｏ．
Ｑ

with a nozzle angle of l5'. The speed of the rotor is 400 rpm. Diameter of the rotor at inlet
Ｅ Ｏ Ｏ ．∽﹄０＞′∽Ｃ” ﹄●０

and outlet are 75 cm and 50 cm respectively. The fluid leaves the rotor radially' with an
Ｌｏ一
一

absolute velocity of 5 m/s. Determine: (i) The blade angles (ii) u'ork done (iii) utilization
“０年一

factor. (08 l\larks)

一Ｃ０〇一

,oR
︺〇“〓〓●０＞０﹄︿〓´ヽ
バ ∞

4 a- Derive theoretical head capacity relation in case of radial flow pump [centrilugall
Ｅ 〓 ０一 日 Ｏ ｏ 〓 ︵︶ ．一 一ｏ一ｏ フ︻ 一〓●〓 ００ “〓

‐
。

H=uζ ‐
●:QCOtβ 2

Aっ
:
 Ｎ

Fz discharge blade angle with respect to tangential direction. Explain the effect of
discharge angle on it. (08 Ntarks)
b. An axial flow compressor has the following data. Entry conditions: I bar and 20oC, degree
of reaction :50Yo. mean blade ring dia:60 cm. rotational speed = 18000 rpm. blade angle
at rotor and stator exit : 65'. Axial velocity : 180 m/s. mechanical efficiency : 96.7%.
Find:
i) Blade angle at rotor and stator inlet.
ii) Power required to derive the compressor. (08 Nlarks)

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 SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 15ME5'
Modute-3
5 a. What is compounding? Explain any two methods of compounding. (08 Marks)
b. The lbllowing particulars refbr to a single impulse turbine.- Mean diameter of blade
ring:2.5 m, speed :3000 rpm. nozzle angle:20", ratio of blade velocity to steam :0.4,
blade friction factor : 0.8, blade angle at exit is 3o less than that at inlet. Steam flow rate
36000 kg/hr. Draw the velocity diagram and calculate (i) power developed (ii) blade
efficiency. (08 Marks)

OR
6 a. Derive the condition for maximum efficiency of reaction steam turbine and hence prove that

‰ へ =続 ・ (08 Marks)

b. A Parson's turbine is running at 1200 rpm. The mean rotor diameter is lm. Blade outlet
angle is 23o, speed ratio is 0.75. Stage efficiency is 0.8. Find enthalpy drop in this stage.
(08 Marks)

7a.Shorvthatfbrmaximumefficiency"ffi*eelthebucketvelocityisequaltohalfofthe
jet veЮ cly U=サ (08 Marks)
i

b.In a powcr statiOn,‐ a peLon whecl pr9dtcё F 15000 KW under a head of 350 m,while
running at 500‐ rpm.Assume a turbinc cttiency ofO.84,coefflcicnt ofvelocity for nozzlc as
O.98,spced ratb O.46 and bucket veochy COemcた nt o.86.Cabulatc:(o Number ofjet
(li)Dialneter of each jet(iiD Tolgcntial brce on thc buckcts if the bucket dcncct thc jet
thro● ghJ65° . ‐
■￨■ (08 Ⅳlarks)

OR ■‐
8 a.Whh a mathemattalexpreslon,deinc thc fol10wing:
i) Hydraulic efficiency iり MeChanical emcた ncy
iii) Overall efficiency iV).V91umctrt emciency (08 PIarks)
b.A Kaplan turbine working undcr a hcad of20 m dcvclops l1772 KW shat power.The outer
diametcr ofthc runncr is 3.5 m and hub‐ diCe is l.75m.The.gu‐ ide blade angle at the extreme
edge ofthe rulner iS 35° .The hydratllic and Overan cfnciehcy Ofthe turbinc are 88%and
84%rcspcctively.Ifthc velocLy of‐ whirl is zerO at outlet,determine:
i) Runner'anc angles at inlct ttd 6utlct atthe exむ erne edgc ofthe runner
iD Spё ld OfthC turbinc._ ￨ ‐‐・
‐ (08 Marks)
Ⅳlodule-5‐
9 a. Deflne the fbllowing:
i) Suction head ‐11).Delivcry head
iii) Manometric head 市)Net posit市 e suction hcad (08 Marks)
b. A centrifugal pump working in adock, pumps 1565 l,ls, against head (mean lift) of 6.1 m
when the impeller rotates at 200 rpm. The impeller diameter is 122 cm and the area at outlet
periphery is 6450 .r'.lf the vanes are set back at an angle of 26o at the outlet, find
(i) hydraulic efficiency (ii) power required to drive the pump. If the ratio of external to
internaldiameter is 2, find the minimum speed to start pumping. (08 Marks)

OR
tul0
l0 a. For axial flow compressor show that E = ,,r[t?nP:
' l. (08 Marks)
I tanB,tanB, _l

b. What are the types of diffuses used in centrifugal compressor? Explain any two. (08 Marks)

*****
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 SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

USN 10ⅣIE56

Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.2018/Jan。 2019

Turbomachines
Time: 3 hrs. Max.Mal・ ks:100
Note: Answer any FIVEfull questions, selecting
at lesst TWO questions from eoch part.
０ ０ “ Ｏ ｏ ﹂。 一● Ｃ

PART _ A
I a. Define turbomachines. Briefly classify Turbo-machines. (06 Marks)
，

b.
∽● Ｏ ｏ 一ｏ ｏ ﹂一 〇 ０

Define specific speed of pumps. Show that specific speed of pump is given by.
NJO
IIt\S =-----1-' (06卜 Iarks)
:
∽ｏ ¨ “ ０

H4
一〓 ´ ′ ．〇 い ＝

c. Tests on a turbine runner 1.25 m in diameter at 30 m head gave the lollou,irrg results. po\\'er
︼ ● “ 一ｏ

developed :736 kW. speed is 180 rpm and discharge 2.70 m'/sec. Find the diamcter speed
“ 〓 ε ●Ｆ︻

and discharge of a runner to operate at 45 m head and give 1472 kW at the same efficiencl.
∞＋ Ｎ寸
一 一

What is the specific speed of both the turbines? (08ヽ larks)

．
¨ ｏ Ｃ Ｏ “ ﹄＞′ ∽〓 ｏ
ｏ 一 ０ 〓 一 ● 〇 ∽ｏ Ｃ 〓 ∽ ∽ｏ ﹂ｏ 一‘ 〓 ｏ ¨ ｏ 一０

山 句，  ト
江・

a. Show for a finite number of stages for expansion the overall isentropic clficiency is
 
〓

given
一
ｒＬ １１ ﹂

﹁︱︱︱︱︱︱︱︱︱︱︱コ
ｍ
ヽ ︱
ｒ

／１１１１ヽ

ヽ
ー
ｌ

１ １ １ １ ノ
１
〓 ”●

に ｒ ｉ
り
η
一

一Ｐ ｒ
ヽ
σ Ｏ 一ｏ

Ｊ
に

ηc=
ヽ ０ ﹂ ０ 一〇 一“ ● 一● ＞ ｏ ︵︶口 一● ０

{ r; ).'"'}
、
メ ” ﹂ ０ ＾ 〓 ﹄ｏ ∽ 一● 。 Ｆ 一ｏ Ｏ ．∽ ﹄０ ＞ ′∽ 〓 に ﹄ ● Ｏ Λ ¨ 〓 〓 ０ 一Ｏ Ｆ 中ｏ ｏ Ｌ ︵︶

where m: number of stages. P, - Press ratio per stage, I$ =stage efficiency. r: ratio of
specific heats. (10 Marks)
０ Ｑ “ ．〓 〇

The output of a three stage gas turbine is 30 MW at the shaft coupling at an entry'
temperature 1500 K. The overall pressure ratio across the turbine is ll.0 and efficiency
of
〓 に ｏ 年 ■ Ｃ ０ ０ ¨﹂ ｏ ∞ 〓 〓 ● ｏ ン ０ヽ ＾ ⊆ ンヽ  凶

88%. If the pressure ratio of each stage is the same. determine Pressure ratio of each (i)
stage (ii)Poll.tropic efficiency (iii) The mass flow rate. (iv) The efficiency and power
of each stage. Assume T",, = 1.4, Co = 1.005 KJ/kgK, q,,".n = 910lo. (10 Nlarks)

3 a. Why the discharge blade angles has considerable ef fect in the anall'sis of a turborrrachine?
Give reasons. (04 Nlarks)
b. Draw the velocity triangles at inlet and outlet of an axial florv turbine rvhen (i) R is - ve.
(ii) R = 0 (iii) R:0.5 (iv) R:01 (v) R>I. Discuss the energy transtbr in each
．︼ 一 ｏ 一〇 フ´ 一〓 ” ︸ 一〇 ０ “ 〓

case. (10 Nlarks)

C. Liquid water flor.vs at arate of 31.5 kg/sec through a rotor of an axial florv turbine. rvhere
inlet and outlet mean diameters are 18.5 cm and 20 cm respectively. 'f he other datas are:
speed:6000 rpm, V; :35 m/sec and is directed axially. V:: 160 m/sec such that
oz = 30'. Using mean inlet and outlet diameter find : (i) Torque exerted (ii) \/r,and Vr, .

(06 Nlarks)

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 SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
lOMEM
a. Define degree of reaction for an axial flow machine. Prove that degree of reaction for an
axial f'low device (assuming constant velocity of flow) is given by.

R=券
路岩瑞岩 ]・

b.At a stage ofan impulsc tLirbinei the rllean rotOr diarneter is 80 cm,its rpm is 3000 rpm.Thc
(10 Nlarks)

absolute velocit、 ′of fluid discharge ■om a no2zle inclined at 20° to planc of wheel is
300耐 scc.If utilレ atbnね ctor is O.85 and rdatiVe vcЮ cly at rotOr e卜 equak that誠 hbt,

Яnd thc inlct and cxit rotor angles.AIsOlthd pOWcr brふ Ofl kg/seCt “ (10 Marks)

PART― B
a.Show thatthc maximum ettciency 6fa Parson's reaction ttlrbinё is,

端a√ 続 ・ ■ (10 Marks)

b. Steam issues fiom a nozzle of a De-laval turbine with a velocity of 1200 m/sec. Nozzle
an-ele is 20". Blade speed is 400 nVsec. The inlet and outlet blade angles are equal. Mass
florvrate is 900 kgihr. Calculate:(i) Blade angles (ii) Relative velocities, if blade velocity
co-efficient is 0.8. (iii) Tangential force on the blades (iv) Power developed (v) Blade
eft-rciencv.
J (10 Marks)

6 a. Drarv the cross sectional view of a Kaplan turbine and explains its working. Also sketch the
velocity triangles at inlet and outlet. (10 Marks)
b. A Pelton wheel produces 15,500 KW under a head of 350 m at 500 rpm. [f overallefficiency
of the wheel is 84%. Find:
(i) Required number ofjets and diameter of each jet.
(ii) Number of buckets.
(iii) Tangential force exerted.
Assume : Jet ratio :9.5. Q: 160'. O : 0.46 (10 Marks)

7 a. What is cavitation? What are the causes for cavitation? Explain the steps to be taken to avoid
cavitatlon. (06 Marks)
b. Draw the different types olcasing and labelthe parts. (06 Marks)
c. The outer diameter of the impeller of a centrifugal pump is 40 cm and a width of the
impeller at outlet is 5 cm. The pump is running at 800 rpm and working against a total head
of 1.5 m. The Vane angle at outlet is 40" and manometric efficiency is 75%. Determine
(i) Velocitl,of flow at outlet. (ii) Velocitv of water leaving the vane (iii) Angle made by
the absolute velocity at outlet rvith the direction of motion at outlet. (08 Marks)

a. With a neat schematic diagram. explain an axial flow compressor. Also sketch. the general
velocity triangles for an axial f'low compressor. (10 Marks)
b. Backward swept centrifugal fan develops a pressure of 75 mm WG. lt has an impeller
diameter of 89 cm and runs al720 rpm. The blade angle at the tip is 39'and the width of the
impeller is l0 cm. Assuming a constant velocity of flow of 9.15 m/s and density of
1.2 kg/ml, determine the fan efficiency, discharge, power required, stage reaction and
pressure coefficient. (10 Marks)

*****

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Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, May/June 2010

Turbomachines

Note: 1. Answer any FIVEfuli questions, selecting atleast TWO

questions from Parl- A and TWO questions from Part - B.
2. Use of Thermodynamic data hand book is permitted.

1 a. Define a turbo machine. Explain the principal components of a turbo machine. (06 Marks)
b. With the help of h - s diagram, explain various efficiencies of power generating turbo
machines. (06 Marks)
c. Obtain an expression for T, using dimensional analysis, where T is the frictional torque of a
. disc of diameter D rotating at a speed N in a fluid of viscosity ~ and density p in a turbulent
flow. (08 Marks)

2 a. Representing all the components of velocity in a generalized turbo machine diagram, derive
Euler turbine equation. (06 Marks)
b. Derive an expression for the utilization factor for an axial flow impulse turbine stage which
has equiangular rotor blades, in terms of the fixed inlet blade angle and speed ratio and
show the variation of utilization factor and speed ratio in the form of a graph. (08 Marks)
c. Determine the energy input to the fluid for a mixed flow pump for the given data :
i) Inlet hub diameter = 7cm ii) Speed: 50 rps iii) Impeller tip diameter = 28cm
iv) Vaxi = V rad.out. Assume that the relative velocity at the exit equals the inlet tangential
blade speed. (06 Marks)

3 a. Define degree of reaction for an axial flow maching. Prove that degree of reaction for an
axial flow device (assuming constant velocity of flow) is given by R = Vf (tanPI + tanP2 ).
2U tanPI tanP2
(10 Marks)
b. An axial flow compressor of 50% reaction design has blades with inlet and outlet angles of
44° and 13° respectively. The compressor is to produce a pressure ratio 5 : 1 with an overall
isentropic efficiency of 87% when the inlet temp is 290K. The mean blade speed and axial
velocity are constant throughout the compressor. Assume that blade velocity is 180m/see
and work input factor is 0.85. Find the number of stages required and the change of entropy.
(10 Marks)

4 a. Derive an expression for an overall isentropic efficiency for finite number of stages of
compression in terms of pressure ratio, stage efficiency, number of stages and ratio of
specific heats for a compressor. (10 Marks)
b. In an axial flow compressor, air is taken at I bar and 288K. The delivery pressure of the
compressor is 6.4 bars. The final temperature of air is 578K. Determine the following:
i) Overall isentropic efficiency ii) Polytropic efficiency iii) Number of stages
required if the actual temp. rise per stage is limited to 14.5K assuming that the polytropic
efficiency is equal to the stage efficiency. (10 Marks)
10f2
 SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE

5 a. With a neat sketch and velocity triangles, explain different vane shapes of the centrifugal
compressor. Draw the inlet velocity triangle assuming VUI = 0.0. (10 Marks)
b. Write a note on the following for an axial flow compressor:
i) Workdone factor ii) Radial equilibrium condition iii) Pressure ratio. (10 Marks)

6 a. Define the following terms for a centrifugal pump :

i) Manometric head ii) Manometric efficiency iii) NPSH. (06 Marks)
b. Derive an expression for the minimum starting speed for a centrifugal pump.
(06 Marks)
c. A centrifugal pump is running at 1000 rpm. The output vane angle of the impeller is 45° and
the velocity of flow at outlet is 2.5m/sec. The discharge thro' the pump is 200 lit/see when
the pump is working against the total head of 20m. If the manometric efficiency of the
pump is 80%, determine i) diameter ofthe impeller ii) width ofthe impeller at outlet.
/' (08 Marks)

7 a. Explain briefly a two stage pressure compounded impulse turbine and show the pressure
and velocity variations across the turbine. (06 Marks)
b. Prove that the maximum rotor efficiency with equiangular rotor blades for impulse turbine
is Tlrmax = Cos2 al. (06 Marks)
c. What is meant by reaction staging? Prove that the maximum stage efficiency of Parson's
2
(500//0 reactIon
.) b' . . b 2Cos a]
tur me IS given y Tls max = 2 (08 Marks)
1+Cos a]

8 a. How do you classify the hydraulic turbines? (04 Marks)

b. Design a Pelton wheel for a head of 80m and speed 300 rpm. The Pelton wheel develops
103 kW shaft power. Take coefficient of velocity 0.98, speed ratio 0.45 and overall
efficiency 0.80. (08 Marks)
c. A Kaplan turbine develops 9000 kW under a head of 10m. Overall efficiency of the turbine
is 85%. The speed ratio based on outer diameter is 2.2 and flow ratio 0.66. Diameter of the
boss is 0.4 times the outer diameter of the runner. Determine the diameter of the runner,
boss diameter and specific speed of the runner. (08 Marks)
 SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE

Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, May/June 2010

Fluid Machinery

1 a. Derive the relation for specific speed of a turbine and a pump. (08 Marks)
b. An axial flow pump with a rotor diameter of 30 cm handles water at a rate of 2.7 m3/min,
while operating at 1500 rpm. The corresponding energy input is 125 J/kg, the total to total 11
= 75%. If a second geometrically similar pump with a diameter of 20 cm operates at 3000
rpm, what are its i) Flow rate ii) Change in total pressure iii) Input power? (12 Marks)

2 a. Derive alternate turbine equation from Euler's turbine equation. (08 Marks)
b. The following data refer to a 50% degree of reaction axial flow turbo machine. Inlet fluid
velocity is 230 mis, inlet guide blade angle is 30°, inlet and outlet rotor angles are 60° and
25° respectively. Find utilization factor, axial thrust and power output per unit mass flow.
(12 Marks)
3 a. Derive relations for maximum energy transfer and maximum utilization factor in case of
axial flow impulse and 50% degree of reaction turbine. (10 Marks)
b. At a stage in 50% reaction axial flow turbine running at 3000 rpm, the blade mean diameter
is 685 mm. If the maximum utilization factor for the stage is 0.915, calculate inlet and outlet
velocities of fluid. Draw velocity triangles and find power output for a flow rate of 15 kg/s.
(10 Marks)
4 a. Show that the preheat factor in multistage compression is less than unity. (06 Marks)
b. Define for power generating turbo machines, with h-s diagrams, the following:
i) Total to total 11 ii) Total to static 11. (06 Marks)
c. A high pressure compressor changes the state of air from pressure PI = 1.01 bar and
temperature TI = 305 K to pressure Pz = 3 bar. The compressor 11 = 75%. Determine the
stage 11 of the compressor and show that preheat factor is less than unity. (08 Marks)

5 a. Derive a theoretical head capacity relationship for centrifugal pumps and compressors and
explain the influence of outlet blade angle. (10 Marks)
b. A centrifugal pump working under a head of 20 m operates at 600 rpm. If the blades are
curved backwards at 45° and velocity of flow is constant at 2 mis, calculate the impellor
diameter when 50% of the kinetic energy at impeller outlet is converted into pressure
energy. (10 Marks)

6 a. Explain the following terms with respect to axial flow compressors: i) Work done factor
ii) Vortex flow iii) Radial equilibrium condition. (09 Marks)
b. An axial flow compressor stage draws air at stagnation conditions of 1 atm and 35°C.
Assuming a 50% reaction stage with flow coefficient of 0.52 and ~Vu = 0.25, find the rotor
u
blade angles and mean rotor speed. The total to total'll of the stage is 0.87 when the stage
produces a total to total pressure ratio of 1.23. Find also the pressure coefficient and power
input to the system assuming work input factor to be 0.86. The mass flow rate is 12 kg/so
(11 Marks)
 SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE

7 a. Show that the maximum efficiency for a single stage axial flow impulse steam turbine is
given by cos2 u1' where u1 = guide vane angle at inlet. (08 Marks)
b. In a Curtis stage, the rotors are both equiangular. The first rotor has angles of 29° each while
the second rotor has angles of 32° each. The velocity of steam at the exit of the nozzle is
530 m/s and blade efficiency coefficients are 0.9 in the first rotor and 0.95 in stator and in
the second rotor. The absolute velocity at the stage exit is axial. Find the mean blade speed,
rotor efficiency and power output for a flow rate of 3.2 kg/so (12 Marks)

8 a. Compare the main characteristic curves for the hydraulic turbines. (06 Marks)
b. Show that the exit pressure in hydraulic reaction turbines is less than atmospheric pressure.
(04 Marks)
C. In a power station a Pelton wheel produces 23125 kW under a ahead of 1770 m while
running at 750 rpm. Determine
i) The number of jets and jet diameter.
ii) Mean diameter of runner.
iii) Number of buckets.
Take Cv = 0.95, speed ratio = 0.46 and overall'll = 85%. (10 Marks)
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SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE