Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Test Course of The Arrow-Head Agility Test
Test Course of The Arrow-Head Agility Test
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Test course of the Creative Speed Test
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Test course of the Short Dribbling Test
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The 1-4-3-3 System as the starting formation for Future Development
Rationale
In the 1-4-3-3 formation there are 3 lines with a balanced spread of players over the pitch (‘triangles’ of
players) which creates good conditions for:
• effective positioning play
• playing out
• combination football / short passing game
• creative and varied attacking play using the width of the field
• early disturbing and pressuring after losing possession
For youth players, the positions and the attached basic tasks are logical and recognizable, which makes
learning to play as a team easier to develop SSG formats 7 v 7 (1-3-3) and 9 v 9 (1-3-2-3) lead up to the 1-4-
3- 3 formation in a logical and methodical manner
Basic forms
The 1-4-3-3 formation has 2 basic forms, with a number of derived (offensive or defensive) variations:
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2. The midfield triangle with the ‘point’ (no.6) to the rear.
AIFF advises that players in the age categories U/12 to U/15 should learn to master basic form 1.
Always maintain the structure / organisation of the defence line and keep opponent
away from own goal (communication).
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Everyone responsible for own zone so:
1. Horizontal take over: Pass players on in case of switching opponents (width of pitch).
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2. Vertical take over: Pass players on in case of overlapping opponents (length of pitch).
Cover each other (diagonal covering), full backs to squeeze until maximum 5m. area; goalkeeper to act as
‘sweeper’ if required.
Sharpness, mobility and insight (positioning / timing) are absolute requirements for modern central defenders
(Vidic, Terry).
Modern full backs need to be fast, explosive and mobile rather than just big and strong
(Cole, Evra)
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Defensive principles per line
Midfield (6 – 8 – 10) pointed forward: No’s 6 & 8
Cover the central and lateral defensive midfield area’s and screen / shield the lines to the strikers.
Take over positions, ‘fill’ gaps and stay ‘behind the ball’ (at least one of both).
Ball ‘winners’ with strong tactical awareness /insight (Carrick, Essien).
No. 10 connects with no.6 & no.8 to form a ‘block’ in the midfield.
Covers the central offensive midfield area
Supports no.9 in pressuring the opponent’s central defenders (Cahill, Kaka).
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Defensive principles per line
Midfield pointed to the rear: No. 6 covers the central defensive midfield area, screens / shields the line to the
strikers.
Takes over positions, ‘fill’ gaps and always stays ‘behind the ball’.
Ball ‘winner’ with strong tactical awareness / insight, on field leadership (Toure, Mascherano)
No’s 8 & 10 connect with no.6 to form a ‘block’ in the midfield, cover the lateral midfield areas.
Technical and tactical ‘all round’ midfielders that are able to cover large spaces
(Gerrard, Lampard, Ballack, Xavi, Iniesta)
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General offensive principles
- Immediate and quick transition BPO to BP by all players, open up the spaces and
restore attacking formation.
- Always look for a forward pass as first option, if not possible:
- Play out through good positioning play with dynamic participation of all players
- Ball possession is of vital importance in order to control the rhythm / speed of the
game and ‘feed’ the attackers in a structured manner
- Starting from wide positions for improvisation and individual actions in the attacking third.
- Recognizing the value of set-piece specialists.
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Offensive principles per line
In this formation no’s. 7 & 11 are more traditional ‘wingers’ making attacking moves in the wide positions
and providing assists and crosses.
They can come inside but needs to be well timed, not ‘closing’ the spaces for no.10.
(Robben, Giggs, Beckham)
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The 3 attackers often switch positions but the formation should always be maintained.
(Cristiano Ronaldo, Messi, Rooney, Henry)
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SMALL SIDED GAMES
“A directional game-practice situation involving goalkeepers, playing in teams less than eleven a side. It can
be utilised for the coach to work technically or tactically and is ideal for developing the principles of play
and team understanding. Working areas are adapted to suit the reduced numbers of players and official game
rules are applied although some may be modified. The coach will usually work with one team and on one
theme”
- Two teams of equal numbers (8v8, 9v9)
- Pitch appropriate size
- Specific aspect
- Offside areas
- Start position
- Players react realistically
- Coach one team only (when size of teams exceeds 6 v 6)
Functional Practice
- Opposed practice
- Specific aspect
- All relevant players involved
- Relevant area of pitch
- Start position
- Appropriate targets
- Players react realistically
Phase of Play
A situation utilising the full width of the pitch but with a reduced length. Involves team units of players
attacking or defending against opponents and is ideal for developing group, unit and team tactical
understanding.
- Opposed practice
- Specific aspect
- Full width / over half length
- Two full units v two full units ( for example DF + MF V MF + FWD )
- Limited players from third unit as required
- Appropriate targets
- Start position
- Players react realistically
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Technical Practice
Unopposed practice with the emphasis on the development of a game technique. Challenges in the
development of the technique may be gradually introduced and will be in the form of increased or decreased
time, area, target or degree of difficulty in practice depending on the rate of improvement in the player
performance.
Example: combination wing play, ending with crosses into box for forwards to score.
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Skill Practice
Opposed practice with the emphasis on developing the bond of technique and decision making. The practice
contains objectives for all players which are derived from the technical theme being practiced. Appropriate
areas, the number of players involved and imposed “conditions” will vary around the theme for development.
Example: Combination wing play, Ending with crosses into box for forwards to score but now the players
have to decide:
-When to cross the ball?,
-Where to cross the ball (near or far post)?,
-On the ground or in the air?,
All depending on the position of the opposing players and the positioning of his team mates.
Squad Practice
A directional game-type practice situation in which the playing area may be appropriately divided or zoned to
suit the numbers and the needs of the activity. Goals or targets of some design are employed to signify the
successful end of attacks and squad practices can be used for the development of either individual, group or
unit technical or tactical elements of the game.
The final progression in practice. Is utilised to develop team tactical understanding and takes place on a full
sized pitch with game rules applied. Practice seeks to establish understanding of player’s role and responsibility
and tactical understanding of group and team in attacking or defending situations and is often best employed
when work is conducted in the different thirds of the pitch. The coach usually works with only one team
around one theme.
Starting from the GK, getting the defenders to open up to make it hard for the opposing team to stop the
defenders from playing out. Positioning and body positions of your defenders. Awareness and vision of
GK.
Positioning of midfielders: position themselves to be in a position to receive ball direct from GK or from
defenders.
Positioning of forwards, depending on whether it is a goal kick (which side of the field the goal kick is
being taken?; or if the GK has the ball in his hands?
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Personal Development Plan (PDP)
Last name:…………………………………………………………………….……….……….
Given names:………………………………………………………………….….…….………
Born……/……/………………at …………………………………...………..….…….………
School:……………………………….Grade:………………………………....…....….……...
ACADEMY:…………………………………….…...Since:………………………………….
Present team:………………………… ……….Former teams:………………………..….……
Favorite position(s) in the team:……………………………………………………….……..…
………………………………………………………………………………..…………...…...
What do you want to improve in the coming season to reach your goal(s)
Technically:
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Tactically:
Physical:
Mental:
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This year/this month/this week; I will work on:
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Technically:………………………………………………………………….
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Tactically:…………………………………………………………………….
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Physically:…………………………………………………………………..
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Mental:……………………………………………………………………….
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6. Give your feeling and thoughts of this match by drawing a (x) :
What were you focussing on when you played well during the match ?
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What were you focusing on when you did not play well ?
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How did you get your confidence back after this “dip”?
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Did anything happen before, during or at half time of the match that has influenced your performance positively
/negatively?
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India,……………….…………….,
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Player Coach
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Analysis Pad Session Planner
COACH……………………………………
DESCRIPTION OF PRACTICE
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ORGANIZATION:……………….………
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K E Y O B S E RVAT I O N FA C T O R S :
1. ...........……………………………………
2. ……………………………………………
3. ……………………………………………
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NOTES: ……………………………………
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MATCH RELATED
What does the AIFF mean with the word: match related?
Before explaining we want to emphasize on the present curriculum and what is going on in the rest of the world.
Let us start with our mobile phones, black berries and I-pads. If you buy a new phone you will find one year later
that the phone is ‘old fashioned’. The latest example was the launch of the I-pad. People in America who wanted
to be the first to have this high tech machine had to queue up three days before it was sold to the customers.
Already 8 months later there is new model: faster, quicker, lighter and with more options.
Barcelona showed us in football the latest developments, faster, quicker, with better decision makers. They
looked as a team who came from another planet. Recently they were beaten in their own La Liga by Real Madrid
and also in the Champions League by a 10 man Chelsea team.
This is only possible through a constant development of the game. First of all technically and tactically, but also
physically and mentally. Coaches play the main role in these developments, but are influenced by the
development in the whole environment. Now a days we can analyze the game with 16 cameras during training
and matches. Even at half time clubs can show their players what was wrong and what has to be done in the
second half to win their game.
That brings us to the present development in India. Although there are many exceptions but in general I have
observed (after 6 months) the following ‘weaknesses’ in Indian Football players
• Lack of technique
• Lack of tactical insight and decision making
• Lack of physical fitness
• Mentally not prepared
- No strategic plan for the I-league (not interesting enough for media and supporters)
- No or not enough quality facilities for the clubs (no club has its own ‘home’ ground)
- No club structure and no club ‘culture’
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The solutions are mentioned in the upcoming Master Plan. But in the short term we want to start with the most
important partner in development:
The coaches.
A new philosophy and a new curriculum must show them the road to raise the overall standard of Indian
Football. A specific Indian Style of play must help to develop more quality players. A style based on the variety
of cultures in India should be with a focus on : TDFM
Technique
Decision making
Fitness
Mentality
- Opponents
- Time and space
- Scoring goals or defending goals
- Winning or losing
- Ball possession – losing possession – gaining possession
- Transition
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It also has the following elements :
So every training session must have all these elements otherwise you do not train the whole picture. The whole
picture will prepare the players for ‘total soccer’. All players will be prepared in attacking-transition and
defending. They can take over each other’s position and play the required role for that particular place in the
team formation.
and the system will be based on the quality of our players who must become skillful and intelligent.
All of our teams must learn how to build up from the back. The role of the goal-keeper is no longer to catch and
kick.......and give the ball away. The role of the goal-keeper is nowadays much more complex. He is the first to
start the attacking game. If he already makes the right decision we can build up the game quickly and surprise the
opponent or outplay the opponent by our positioning game. All defenders must have the technique to handle the
ball quickly (‘first touch’). They must be very good in short passing and long passing, as well as dribbling into
the midfield. Even by surprise, come into attack and shoot and possibly score from a distance, or put the strikers
into scoring positions. Midfielders will (all three) have different qualities but their qualities are supplementary
to each other. The (two) wingers and the striker must also be working as a unit and have the variety of qualities to
beat the opponent’s defense.
To get the best possible result out of our training sessions and matches we want to take the following steps :
1. All warm ups should be performed with the ball. Dribbling, passing and receiving, combination play, heading
should be practised. In between ‘juggling’ with the ball can bring a relative rest period. Fun games must bring
the players in the right ‘mood’. A warm up without a fun game is not acceptable.
All warm ups must be related to the upcoming exercises and objectives of the training session.
2. Static stretching is a waste of time and needs to be replaced by dynamic stretching only. Dynamic stretching
can be used with the ball or in between ball exercises and should only be used to prepare the muscles for training
or match. Players under 12 should not waste time on stretching, but should use this precious time with juggling
or ball mastering.
4. The principle of a methodical approach is: how to create a step forward and make the exercise complete or
what we now call: match- related.
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The tools to be used are:
- Rules and regulations > play with one or more ‘neutral’ players;
dribble across a line to score; score direct etc.
- Tempo > number of touches on the ball; score within a limited time
Because of the enormous gap between match experience for soccer players in India comparing to young players
in Japan, Korea, Australia, Europe or South America we must give our young players ‘match’ experience during
training. Most of our training time should be spent on matches. We must accept that our players need to develop
first of all “match related” techniques. The famous Wiel Coerver techniques are a very welcome development
tool, but we need to put our players immediately into situations where they have to find solutions to beat the
opponent by themselves.
New coaches:
Fathers or mothers who are requested to assist their sons and daughters and their friends to ’coach’ the players
should immediately try to find out on the AIFF website when and where new introductory courses are being
organized in their neighborhood. If there are no courses available or parents do not have the time to go to a
course, our advice is that they concentrate on how they can get the kids enough match experience.
They should try to learn from other coaches, websites or books how to organize Small Sided Games and how to
operate as a ‘Team Leader”. This will give all the young players an ideal development tool.
Decision making is all about recognizing game situations. That’s why Grassroots players need to play Small
Side Games. SSG gives the young kids plenty of touches, plenty of scoring situations, plenty of goals and plenty
of fun. Street or beach soccer has always been the producer of top talents. No coaches were available at the
parks, the streets or the beaches. There, the players developed into rough talents and later top coaches developed
them into top players.
The AIFF promotes the following guidelines for the various age groups:
Players 4 and 5 years old 4 v 4 with pop-up goals field size 30 x 40m goal
size 1m x 1m
Players 6 and 7 years old 4 v 4 with small size goals and rotating goal
keepers field size 30 x 40m goal size 2m x 1m
Players 8 and 9 years old 6 v 6 with small size goals and 2 goal keepers
field size ½ normal play field goals on side line
goal size 1.50m x 2.50m
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Players 10 and 11 years old 8 v 8 with small size goals and 2 goal keepers
field size 18 yard line to 18 yard line and
normal size goals
Fitness is the base for any sport to produce results. Soccer fitness requires different capabilities than basketball
fitness or cricket fitness. Each sport has its own specific needs. A swimmer needs a swimming pool to gain his
fitness, a soccer player needs a field to achieve the desired level of fitness.
Also in fitness the Indian player should be developed in a match related manner. Small side games are an ideal
base to develop fitness and at the same time all relevant factors that make him not only run faster but also decide
faster, act faster and react faster.
All technically developed skills can be used as start point for fitness training. Man to man marking, 1 v 1 , 2 v 2
are very intense exercises which not only demands speed, endurance and coordination but also power and
mental strength.
Mentality of a player is the overall deciding factor. Without a good mentality, a player will never be successful
and hence the team will never be successful. Why is it most talents in soccer, come from the poor and
unprivileged section of the society?
The major reason is that young kids coming from this section of society have learnt how to survive. It is the rule
of the survivor. It is applicable to every body whether it is me or you.
This proves again that training the mentality of the young players must be through trying to copy ‘street football’
How to make your players street wise? By playing Small Sided Games, participating in international
tournaments, festivals, going through selection procedures and by finally ending by playing
The best against the best will prepare our talents for international football and national and international
successes.
Acknowledgments
FIFA
Football Federation of Australia: (1-4-3-3)
Jens Bangsbo
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