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Pipes. Network Analysis Using The Newton Raphson Method
Pipes. Network Analysis Using The Newton Raphson Method
Input data
f L D
Pipe Nº (assumed) m mm
1 0.02 300 150
2 0.02 200 150
3 0.02 300 300
4 0.02 200 300
DF1/DQ1 = 1 = 1 DF1/DQ2 = 0
DF2/DQ1 = 1 = -1 DF2/DQ2 = 1
DF3/DQ1 = 0 = 0 DF3/DQ2 = 1
DF4/DQ1 = 2*K1*Q1 = 13061.54 Q1 DF4/DQ2 = 2*K2*Q2
DQ1 1 0
DQ2 = - -1 1
DQ3 0 1
DQ4 13061.54 Q1 8707.6959808
F1 = 0.00
F2 = 0.00
F3 = 0.00
F4 = 2717.754
DQ1 1 0
DQ2 = - -1 1
DQ3 0 1
DQ4 6530.77199 4353.8479904
4x1
DQ1 0.248137
DQ2 = - 0.248137
DQ3 -0.248137
DQ4 -0.248137
Q1 = Q1 + DQ1 Q1 = 0.5 +
Q2 = Q2 + DQ2 Q2 = 0.5 +
Q3 = Q3 + DQ3 Q3 = 0.1 +
Q4 = Q4 + DQ4 Q4 = 0.1 +
The process is repeated with the new flow rates, until all correction values have a value near zer
Iteration Nº 0
Qin 1 Q1 2
L1
1 d1
K1
Q4 L4 L2
d d2 2
4 K4 Loop 1 K2
4 Q2
L3
d3
K3 Qout
3
Q3
4 3
Figure 1
Qin 1 Q1 2
Q4
4 2
Q2
3 Qout
Q3
4 3
Figure 2
Q4 = 0.1 m /s
3
K4 = 136
F1 = Q1 + Q4 - Qin
F2 = -Q1 + Q2 (could have been: Q1 - Q2)
F3 = Q2 + Q3 - Qout
= 0 DF1/DQ3 = 0 = 0 DF1/DQ4 =
= 1 DF2/DQ3 = 0 = 0 DF2/DQ4 =
= 1 DF3/DQ3 = 1 = 1 DF3/DQ4 =
= 8707.696 Q2 DF4/DQ3 = -2*K3*Q3 = -408.1732 Q3 DF4/DQ4 =
(-1) F1
* F2
F3
F4
0 1 (-1) F1
0 0 * F2
1 0 F3
Q2 -408.1732 Q3 -272.1155 Q4 F4
K
s2/m5
Q1 = 0.5 K1 = 6531
Q2 = 0.5 K2 = 4354
Q3 = 0.1 K3 >= 204
Q4 = 0.1 K4 = 136
Qin = 0.6
Qout = 0.6
0 1 (-1) 0
0 0 * 0
1 0 0
-40.81732 -27.21155 2717.75355
Q
Pipe Nº m3/s
1 0.252
the maximum acceptable correction-value be 2 0.252
| 0.001| 3 0.348
e not all values are less or equal DQmax 4 0.348
ation is required
Let a maximum acceptable flow velocity vM
At least one velocity-value is greater then the
Diameter change is required inext iteration
g= 9.80665
Qin 1 Q1 2
1
Qin
Q4
Loop 1
4 2
Q2
3 Qout
Q3
4 3
Figure 3
1 = 1
0 = 0
0 = 0
-2*K4*Q4 = -272.1155 Q4
3
4
Let an absolute rugosty for all pipes
Rabs = 0.01 mm
kinematic viscosity of Rabs = 0.00001 mm
m²/s
Relative rugosity
Rrel = Rabs / d
d A v Re Rrel f
m m² m/s - - -
0.15 0.017671 14.3 1.6E+06 6.67E-05 #VALUE!
0.15 0.017671 14.3 1.6E+06 6.67E-05 #VALUE!
0.3 0.070686 4.9 1.1E+06 3.33E-05 #VALUE!
0.3 0.070686 4.9 1.1E+06 3.3333E-05 #VALUE!
um acceptable flow velocity vMax = 3 m/s
velocity-value is greater then the maximum value
hange is required inext iteration
DF1/DQ1 = 1 = 1 DF1/DQ2 = 0 =
DF2/DQ1 = 1 = -1 DF2/DQ2 = 1 =
DF3/DQ1 = 0 = 0 DF3/DQ2 = 1 =
DF4/DQ1 = 2*K1*Q1 = #VALUE! Q1 DF4/DQ2 = 2*K2*Q2 =
DQ1 1 0
DQ2 = - -1 1
DQ3 0 1
DQ4 #VALUE! Q1 #VALUE! Q2
DQ1 1 0 0
DQ2 = - -1 1 0
DQ3 0 1 1
DQ4 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
4x1
DQ1 #VALUE!
DQ2 = - #VALUE!
DQ3 #VALUE!
DQ4 #VALUE!
The process is repeated with the new flow rates, until all correction values have a value near
Iteration Nº 1
Qin 1 Q1 2
L1
1 d1
K1
Q4 L4 L2
d d2 2
4 K4 Loop 1 K2
4 Q2
L3
d3
K3 Qout
3
Q3
4 3
Figure 1
Qin 1 Q1 2
Q4
4 2
Q2
3 Qout
Q3
4 3
Figure 2
F1 = Q1 + Q4 - Qin
F2 = -Q1 + Q2 (could have been: Q1 - Q2)
F3 = Q2 + Q3 - Qout
0 DF1/DQ3 = 0 = 0 DF1/DQ4 = 1 =
1 DF2/DQ3 = 0 = 0 DF2/DQ4 = 0 =
1 DF3/DQ3 = 1 = 1 DF3/DQ4 = 0 =
#VALUE! Q2 DF4/DQ3 = -2*K3*Q3 = #VALUE! Q3 DF4/DQ4 = -2*K4*Q4 =
F1
F2
F3
F4
0 1 (-1) F1
0 0 * F2
1 0 F3
#VALUE! Q3 #VALUE! Q4 F4
K
s2/m5
0.251863 K1 = #VALUE!
0.251863 K2 = #VALUE!
0.348137 K3 >= #VALUE!
0.348137 K4 = #VALUE!
0.6
0.6
1 (-1) 0
0 * 0
0 0
#VALUE! #VALUE!
Q d A
Pipe Nº m /s
3
m m²
1 #VALUE! 0.4 0.125664
aximum acceptable correction-value be 2 #VALUE! 0.4 0.125664
| 3 #VALUE! 0.5 0.19635
4 #VALUE! 0.5 0.19635
Let a maximum acceptable flow velocity vMax =
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
g= 9.80665
Q1 2
1
1
Loop 1
2
Q2
3 Qout
Q3
3
Figure 3
1
0
0
#VALUE! Q4
3
4
Let an absolute rugosty for all pipes
Rabs = 0.01 mm
Rabs = 0.00001 mm
Relative rugosity
Rrel = Rabs / d
v Re Rrel f
m/s - - -
#VALUE! #VALUE! 2.50E-05 #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! 2.50E-05 #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! 2.00E-05 #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! 0.00002 #VALUE!
velocity vMax = 3 m/s
Qin 1
Q4
DF1/DQ1 = 1 = 1 DF1/DQ2 = 0 = 0
DF2/DQ1 = 1 = -1 DF2/DQ2 = 1 = 1
DF3/DQ1 = 0 = 0 DF3/DQ2 = 1 = 1
DF4/DQ1 = 2*K1*Q1 = #VALUE! Q1 DF4/DQ2 = 2*K2*Q2 = #VALUE! Q2
DQ1 1 0 0
DQ2 = - -1 1 0
DQ3 0 1 1
DQ4 #VALUE! Q1 #VALUE! Q2 #VALUE! Q3
DQ1 1 0 0 1 (-1)
DQ2 = - -1 1 0 0 *
DQ3 0 1 1 0
DQ4 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
4x1
DQ1 #VALUE!
DQ2 = - #VALUE!
DQ3 #VALUE!
DQ4 #VALUE!
The process is repeated with the new flow rates, until all correction values have a value near zero
Iteration Nº 2
1 Q1 2
L1
1 d1
K1
Q4 L4 L2
d d2 2
4 K4 Loop 1 K2
4 Q2
L3
d3
K3 Qout
3
Q3
4 3
Figure 1
1 Q1 2
Q4
4 2
Q2
3 Qout
Q3
4 3
Figure 2
1
Q2 = #VALUE! m3/s K2 = #VALUE!
F1 = Q1 + Q4 - Qin Figure 3
F2 = -Q1 + Q2 (could have been: Q1 - Q2)
F3 = Q2 + Q3 - Qout
DF1/DQ3 = 0 = 0 DF1/DQ4 = 1 = 1
DF2/DQ3 = 0 = 0 DF2/DQ4 = 0 = 0
DF3/DQ3 = 1 = 1 DF3/DQ4 = 0 = 0
DF4/DQ3 = -2*K3*Q3 = #VALUE! Q3 DF4/DQ4 = -2*K4*Q4 = #VALUE! Q4
1 (-1) F1
0 * F2
0 F3
#VALUE! Q4 F4
K
s2/m5
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Q d A v Re
Pipe Nº m /s
3
m m² m/s -
1 #VALUE! 0.4 0.125664 #VALUE! #VALUE!
rection-value be 2 #VALUE! 0.4 0.125664 #VALUE! #VALUE!
3 #VALUE! 0.5 0.19635 #VALUE! #VALUE!
4 #VALUE! 0.5 0.19635 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Let a maximum acceptable flow velocity vMax = 3
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Pipe Nº
1
2
3
4
Qin =
Qout =
Start of calculations
Q1 2
1.- Determination of K-values
f
Pipe Nº Assumed)
Loop 1 1 #VALUE!
2
Q2 2 #VALUE!
3 #VALUE!
4 #VALUE!
Qout
DF1/DQ1 = 1
DF2/DQ1 = 1
DF3/DQ1 = 0
DF4/DQ1 = 2*K1*Q1
DQ1
DQ2 =
DQ3
DQ4
3
8.- Substitute the derivati
DQ1
DQ2
DQ3
DQ4
F1 =
F2 =
F3 =
F4 =
4
olute rugosty for all pipes 11.- Solve the matrix to obtain the fl
mm
mm DQ1
DQ2
DQ3
DQ4
Q1 =
Flow rate Q2 =
Q Q3 =
m /s3
Q4 =
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE! The process is repeated w
lution using Newton Raphson method Iteration Nº 3
0.6 m3/s
0.6 m3/s
Qin 1
Q4
4
Q3
4
F1 = Q1 + Q4 - Qin
F2 = -Q1 + Q2
F3 = Q2 + Q3 - Qout
= 1 DF1/DQ2 = 0 = 0 DF1/DQ3 = 0
= -1 DF2/DQ2 = 1 = 1 DF2/DQ3 = 0
= 0 DF3/DQ2 = 1 = 1 DF3/DQ3 = 1
= #VALUE! Q1 DF4/DQ2 = 2*K2*Q2 = #VALUE! Q2 DF4/DQ3 = -2*K3*Q3
1 0 0 1
= - -1 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
#VALUE! Q1 #VALUE! Q2 #VALUE! Q3 #VALUE! Q4
4x1
#VALUE!
= - #VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
The process is repeated with the new flow rates, until all correction values have a value near zero
Q1 2
L1
1 d1
K1
L2
d2 2
Loop 1 K2 Q2
L3
d3
K3 Qout
3
Q3
3
Figure 1
Q1 2
2
Q2
3 Qout
Q3
3
Figure 2
1
m3/s K2 = #VALUE!
Q1 + Q4 - Qin Figure 3
(could have been: Q1 - Q2)
Q2 + Q3 - Qout
ead-loss function
K1*Q1^2 + K2*Q2^2 - K3*Q3^2 - K4*Q4^2
= 0 DF1/DQ4 = 1 = 1
= 0 DF2/DQ4 = 0 = 0
= 1 DF3/DQ4 = 0 = 0
= #VALUE! Q3 DF4/DQ4 = -2*K4*Q4 = #VALUE! Q4
(-1) F1
* F2
F3
F4
13.- Friction factor Let an absolute rugosty for all pipes
Rabs = 0.01 mm
Let a water kinematic viscosity of Rabs = 0.00001 mm
n= 1.30E-06 m²/s
Relative rugosity
Reynolds number Rrel = Rabs / d
Re = v*d/n
Friction factor (VBA function)
f= Pipe_Friction_Factor_Rrel_Re
Q d A v Re Rrel f
Pipe Nº m /s
3
m m² m/s - - -
1 #VALUE! 0.4 0.125664 #VALUE! #VALUE! 2.50E-05 #VALUE!
2 #VALUE! 0.4 0.125664 #VALUE! #VALUE! 2.50E-05 #VALUE!
3 #VALUE! 0.5 0.19635 #VALUE! #VALUE! 2.00E-05 #VALUE!
4 #VALUE! 0.5 0.19635 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.00002 #VALUE!
Let a maximum acceptable flow velocity vMax = 3 m/s
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
g= 9.80665
2
Q2
Qout
3
4
Example 1 [1]
L D K
Pipe Nº m mm s /m5
2
Q1 = 0.6 m3/s
Q3 = 0.6 m3/s
f= 0.02 -
L D K
Pipe Nº m mm s /m5
2
Q1 = 0.6 m3/s
Q3 = 0.6 m3/s
f= 0.02 -
Balance in nodes
1 Q1 + Q4 - 0.6 = 0
2 Q1 + Q2 = 0
3 Q2 + Q3 -0.6 = 0
4
Loop equation
Darcy-Weisbach
K= 2 5 3.0
g⋅π ⋅d
H mcf = K⋅Q2
h= K * Q^2 [mcf]
Example 1 [1]
Loop with four pipes
L D K
Pipe Nº m mm s /m5
2
f= 0.02 -
Nodal equations
Node 1 Q1 + Q4 - Qin = 0
Node 2 - Q1+ Q2 = 0
Node 3 Q2 + Q3 - Qout = 0
Node 4
Loop equation
K1*Q1^2+K2*Q2^2+K3*Q3^2+K4*Q4^2 = 0
Q2 = 0.5 m /s3
K2 = 4352
Q3 = 0.1 m /s3
K3 >= 6528 Q4
Q4 = 0.1 m /s3
K4 = 4352
4
Q4
4
F1 = Q1 + Q4 - Qin
F2 = -Q1 + Q2
F3 = Q2 + Q3 - Qout
Derivatives of equations F1 to F4
DF1/DQ1 = 1 = 1 DF1/DQ2 = 0
DF2/DQ1 = 1 = -1 DF2/DQ2 = 1
DF3/DQ1 = 0 = 0 DF3/DQ2 = 1
DF4/DQ1 = 2*K1*Q1 = 13056 Q1 DF4/DQ2 = 2*K2*Q2
DQ1 1 0
DQ2 = - -1 1
DQ3 0 1
DQ4 13056 Q1 8704 Q2
F1 = Q1 + Q4 - Qin Q1 =
F2 = -Q1 + Q2 Q2 =
F3 = Q2 + Q3 - Qout Q3 =
F4 = K1*Q1^2 + K2*Q2^2 - K3*Q3^2 - K4*Q4^2 Q4 =
Qin =
Qout =
F1 = 0
F2 = 0
F3 = 0
F4 = 2611.2
DQ1 1 0 0
DQ2 = - -1 1 0
DQ3 0 1 1
DQ4 6528 4352 -1305.6
4x1
DQ1 0.2
DQ2 = - 0.2
DQ3 -0.2
DQ4 -0.2
DQ1 -0.2
DQ2 = -0.2
DQ3 0.2
DQ4 0.2
Q1 = Q1 + DQ1 Q1 = 0.5 +
Q2 = Q2 + DQ2 Q2 = 0.5 +
Q3 = Q3 + DQ3 Q3 = 0.1 +
Q4 = Q4 + DQ4 Q4 = 0.1 +
Figure 1
Qin 1 Q1 2
Q4
4 2
Q2
3 Qout
Q3
4 3
Figure 2
Q1 2
Loop 1
4 2
Q2
Loop 1
4 2
Q2
3 Qout
Q3
4 3
Figure 3
∂F1/∂Q1
= 0 DF1/DQ3 = 0 = 0 DF1/DQ4 =
= 1 DF2/DQ3 = 0 = 0 DF2/DQ4 =
= 1 DF3/DQ3 = 1 = 1 DF3/DQ4 =
= 8704 Q2 DF4/DQ3 = -2*K3*Q3 = -13056 Q3 DF4/DQ4 =
(-1) F1
* F2
F3
F4
0 1 (-1) F1
0 0 * F2
1 0 F3
-13056 Q3 -8704 Q4 F4
K
s /m5
2
0.5 K1 = 6528
0.5 K2 = 4352
0.1 K3 >= 6528
0.1 K4 = 4352
0.6
0.6
1 (-1) 0
0 * 0
0 0
-870.4 2611.2
4x1
0.00008 0
0.00008 * 0
-0.00008 0
-0.00008 2611.2
-0.2 Q1 = 0.3
-0.2 Q2 = 0.3
0.2 Q3 = 0.3
0.2 Q4 = 0.3
1 = 1
0 = 0
0 = 0
-2*K4*Q4 = -8704 Q4
Balance in nodes
1 Q1 + Q4 - 0.6 = 0
2 Q1 + Q2 = 0
3 Q2 + Q3 -0.6 = 0
4
Loop equation
h= K * Q^2 [mcf]
Darcy-Weisbach
Microsoft Equation
8⋅f⋅L 3.0
K= 2 5
g⋅π ⋅d
H mcf = K⋅Q2
First iteration step
Loop with four pipes.
Input data
L D K
Pipe Nº m mm s2/m5
1 300 150 6528
2 200 150 4352
3 300 150 6528
4 200 150 4352
f= 0.02 -
Nodal equations
Node 1 Q1 + Q4 - Qin = 0
Node 2 - Q1+ Q2 = 0
Node 3 Q2 + Q3 - Qout = 0
Node 4
Loop equation
K1*Q1^2+K2*Q2^2+K3*Q3^2+K4*Q4^2 = 0
Q2 = 0.5 m /s3
K2 = 4352
Q3 = 0.1 m3/s K3 >= 6528 Q4
Q4 = 0.1 m3/s K4 = 4352
4
F1 = Q1 + Q4 - Qin
F2 = -Q1 + Q2
F3 = Q2 + Q3 - Qout
Derivatives of equations F1 to F4
DF1/DQ1 = 1 = 1 DF1/DQ2 = 0
DF2/DQ1 = 1 = -1 DF2/DQ2 = 1
DF3/DQ1 = 0 = 0 DF3/DQ2 = 1
DF4/DQ1 = 2*K1*Q1 = 13056 Q1 DF4/DQ2 = 2*K2*Q2
DQ1 1 0
DQ2 = - -1 1
DQ3 0 1
DQ4 13056 Q1 8704
F1 = Q1 + Q4 - Qin
F2 = -Q1 + Q2
F3 = Q2 + Q3 - Qout
F4 = K1*Q1^2 + K2*Q2^2 - K3*Q3^2 - K4*Q4^2
F1 = 0.00
F2 = 0.00
F3 = 0.00
F4 = 2611.2
DQ1 1 0
DQ2 = - -1 1
DQ3 0 1
DQ4 6528 4352
4x1
DQ1 0.2
DQ2 = - 0.2
DQ3 -0.2
DQ4 -0.2
DQ1 -0.2
DQ2 = -0.2
DQ3 0.2 Iterration required
DQ4 0.2
Calculated new flows using obtained corrections
Q1 = Q1 + DQ1 Q1 = 0.5 +
Q2 = Q2 + DQ2 Q2 = 0.5 +
Q3 = Q3 + DQ3 Q3 = 0.1 +
Q4 = Q4 + DQ4 Q4 = 0.1 +
The process is repeated with the new flow rates, until all correction values have a value near zer
Qin 1 Q1 2
L1
1 d1
K1
Q4 L4 L2
d d2 2
4 K4 Loop 1 K2
4 Q2
L3
d3
K3 Qout
3
Q3
4 3
Figure 1
Qin 1 Q1 2
Q4
4 2
Q2
3 Qout
Q3
4 3
Figure 2
Q1 2
1
Loop 1
4 2
Q2
3 Qout
Q3
4 3
Figure 3
= 0 DF1/DQ3 = 0 = 0 DF1/DQ4 =
= 1 DF2/DQ3 = 0 = 0 DF2/DQ4 =
= 1 DF3/DQ3 = 1 = 1 DF3/DQ4 =
= 8704 Q2 DF4/DQ3 = -2*K3*Q3 = -13056 Q3 DF4/DQ4 =
(-1) F1
* F2
F3
F4
0 1 (-1) F1
0 0 * F2
1 0 F3
Q2 -13056 Q3 -8704 Q4 F4
K
s /m5
2
Q1 = 0.5 K1 = 6528
Q2 = 0.5 K2 = 4352
Q3 = 0.1 K3 >= 6528
Q4 = 0.1 K4 = 4352
Qin = 0.6
Qout = 0.6
0 1 (-1) 0
0 0 * 0
1 0 0
-1305.6 -870.4 2611.2
4x1
0.00008 0
0.00008 * 0
-0.00008 0
-0.00008 2611.2
ration required
-0.2 Q1 = 0.3
-0.2 Q2 = 0.3
0.2 Q3 = 0.3
0.2 Q4 = 0.3
g= 9.80665
8⋅f⋅L
K=
g⋅π 2⋅d5
2
H mcf = K⋅Q Microsoft Equation
3.0
Pipe Nº f L d K
m m s /m5
2
2
1 = 1
0 = 0
0 = 0
-2*K4*Q4 = -8704 Q4
3
4
Second iteration step
Loop with four pipes.
Input data
L D K
Pipe Nº m mm s2/m5
1 300 150 6528
2 200 150 4352
3 300 150 6528
4 200 150 4352
f= 0.02 -
Nodal equations
Node 1 Q1 + Q4 - Qin = 0
Node 2 - Q1+ Q2 = 0
Node 3 Q2 + Q3 - Qout = 0
Node 4
Loop equation
K1*Q1^2+K2*Q2^2+K3*Q3^2+K4*Q4^2 = 0
Q2 = 0.3 m /s 3
K2 = 4352
Q3 = 0.3 m3/s K3 >= 6528 Q4
Q4 = 0.3 m3/s K4 = 4352
4
F1 = Q1 + Q4 - Qin
F2 = -Q1 + Q2
F3 = Q2 + Q3 - Qout
Derivatives of equations F1 to F4
DF1/DQ1 = 1 = 1 DF1/DQ2 = 0 =
DF2/DQ1 = 1 = -1 DF2/DQ2 = 1 =
DF3/DQ1 = 0 = 0 DF3/DQ2 = 1 =
DF4/DQ1 = 2*K1*Q1 = 13056 Q1 DF4/DQ2 = 2*K2*Q2 =
DQ1 1 0
DQ2 = - -1 1
DQ3 0 1
DQ4 13056 Q1 8704 Q2
F1 = Q1 + Q4 - Qin Q1 =
F2 = -Q1 + Q2 Q2 =
F3 = Q2 + Q3 - Qout Q3 =
F4 = K1*Q1^2 + K2*Q2^2 - K3*Q3^2 - K4*Q4^2 Q4 =
Qin =
Qout =
F1 = 0
F2 = 0
F3 = 0
F4 = 0
DQ1 1 0 0
DQ2 = - -1 1 0
DQ3 0 1 1
DQ4 3916.8 2611.2 -3916.8
4x1
DQ1 0
DQ2 = - 0
DQ3 0
DQ4 0
DQ1 0.0
DQ2 = 0.0
DQ3 0.0 Iteration finished
DQ4 0.0
Calculated new flows using obtained corrections
Q1 = Q1 + DQ1 Q1 = 0.3 + 0
Q2 = Q2 + DQ2 Q2 = 0.3 + 0
Q3 = Q3 + DQ3 Q3 = 0.3 + 0
Q4 = Q4 + DQ4 Q4 = 0.3 + 0
The process is repeated with the new flow rates, until all correction values have a value near
Qin 1 Q1 2
L1 8⋅f
1 d1
K1
K=
Q4 L4 L2 g⋅π
d d2
4 K4
4
Loop 1 K2
2
Q2 H mcf =
L3
d3
K3 Qout
3
Q3
4 3
Figure 1
Qin 1 Q1 2
Q4
4 2
Q2
3 Qout
Q3
4 3
Figure 2
Q1 2
1
Loop 1
2
Q2
3 Qout
Q3
3
Figure 3
0 DF1/DQ3 = 0 = 0 DF1/DQ4 = 1 =
1 DF2/DQ3 = 0 = 0 DF2/DQ4 = 0 =
1 DF3/DQ3 = 1 = 1 DF3/DQ4 = 0 =
8704 Q2 DF4/DQ3 = -2*K3*Q3 = -13056 Q3 DF4/DQ4 = -2*K4*Q4 =
F1
F2
F3
F4
K
s /m5
2
0.3 K1 = 6528
0.3 K2 = 4352
0.3 K3 >= 6528
0.3 K4 = 4352
0.6
0.6
1 (-1) 0
0 * 0
0 0
-2611.2 0
4x1
0
* 0
0
0
Q1 = 0.3
Q2 = 0.3
Q3 = 0.3
Q4 = 0.3
g= 9.80665
8⋅f⋅L
K=
g⋅π 2⋅d5
2
H mcf = K⋅Q Microsoft Equation
3.0
Pipe Nº f L d K
m m s /m5
2
2
1
0
0
-8704 Q4
3
4
[1]
1. - Number nodes, pipes and loops
F j = ∑ Q jn −q j (Eq . a)
n=1
F j : Flow function of node j
th
Q jn : discharge in n pipe at node j
q j : nodal withdrawal
jn: total nuber of pipes at node j
3. - Head-loss equations
For all loops (n = 1, k n )
kn
F k =∑ K n⋅Qkn⋅|Qkn|= 0 (Eq . b)
n=1
F k : Head-loss function of node k
th
Qkn : Flow rate in k pipe
k n : total pipes in k th loop
F k : Head-loss function of node k
th
Qkn : Flow rate in k pipe
k n : total pipes in k th loop
Microsoft Equation
3.0
∂ Fn
6 . - Find values of partial derivatives and
∂Qi
functions F n , using the initial pipes flows Q i
and Ki
F j = ∑ Q jn −q j (Eq . a)
n=1
F j : Flow function of node j
th
Q jn : discharge in n pipe at node j
q j : nodal withdrawal
jn: total nuber of pipes at node j
3. - Head-loss equations
For all loops (n = 1, k n )
kn
F k =∑ K n⋅Qkn⋅|Qkn|= 0 (Eq . b )
n=1
F k : Head-loss function of node k
th
Qkn : Flow rate in k pipe
k n : total pipes in k th loop Microsoft Equation
3.0
4 . - Assume initial pipe flows Q1, Q2, and Q3 .. . 8⋅f
satisfying continuity equations K=
g⋅π
5 . - Determine friction factors, f i , in all pipes H mcf =
and compute corresponfing K value
8⋅f i⋅Li
Ki = 2 5
(Eq . c )
π ⋅g⋅Di
∂ Fn
6 . - Find values of partial derivatives and
∂Qi
functions F n , using the initial pipes flows Q i
and Ki
Microsoft Equation
3.0
Example 2. [1]
Three loops, 10 pipes
F=ρ⋅g⋅A m ²⋅H mcf Darcy-Weisbach
p= ρ⋅g⋅H mcf
kg m L ρ
⋅ ⋅ m [ Pa ] Δp Pa=f⋅ ⋅ ⋅v 2
m 3 s² d 2
p[Pa ] =ρ⋅g⋅H mcf L ρ Q2
Δp Pa=f⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 2
H mmcf d 2 A
p[Pa ] =ρ⋅g⋅ L ρ Q2
1000 Δp Pa=f⋅ ⋅ ⋅
( )
for water, let d 2 π 22
⋅d
kg 4
ρ=1000 3 2
m L ρ Q
Δp Pa=f⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 2
H mmcf d 2 π
p[Pa ] =1000⋅g⋅ ⋅d 4
1000 16
p[Pa ] =g⋅H mmcf L 16⋅ρ Q 2
Δp Pa=f⋅ 4 ⋅ ⋅ 2
d⋅d 2 π
Microsoft Equation
8⋅f ρ⋅L
3.0
Δp Pa= 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅Q2
π d
isbach Darcy-Weisbach
ρ 8⋅f⋅L
⋅ ⋅v 2 K= 2 5
2 g⋅π ⋅d
ρ Q2 H mcf = K⋅Q2
⋅ ⋅ 2
2 A p[Pa] =g⋅H mmcf
ρ Q2 p[ Pa]
⋅ ⋅
H mmcf =
( )
2 π 22
⋅d g
4
2
ρ Q P Pa
⋅ ⋅ 2 =K⋅Q 2
2 π g
⋅d 4
16 P Pa=K⋅g⋅Q2
16⋅ρ Q 2
⋅
4 2
⋅ 2
⋅d π
ρ⋅L
⋅ 5 ⋅Q 2
Microsoft Equation
3.0
Microsoft Equation
d 3.0
Darcy-Weisbach
8⋅f⋅L
K= 2 5
g⋅π ⋅d
H mcf = K⋅Q2
p[Pa ] =g⋅H mmcf
p[ Pa]
H mmcf =
g
Microsoft Equation
3.0
8⋅f⋅L
K=
g⋅π 2⋅d5
H mcf = K⋅Q 2 Microsoft Equation
3.0
[1] Analysis of water supply distribution networks
Mohsin Siddique
https://www.slideshare.net/yourmohsin/pipe-network-analysis