SECTIONING

(Kesit Alma)

(rev: 13.Oct.2018) by Haluk Bayraktar

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All the pages in this presentation
have a star !!!

2
Basics – How to

•45º
Straight &
Clean
Thin Lines at
45º !

3
Basics – Creating a Section
for 3rd Angle Projection

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Basics – Creating a Section
for 3rd Angle Projection

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 Basics – Creating a Section
for 3rd Angle Projection

• Necessary Information Arrows shows the viewing

direction, and also point to
Section Lines : Indicate portion being kept
the type of material cut

Cutting Plane Line:

Indicates where the
part is cut 6
 Basics – Creating a Section
for 3rd Angle Projection

• Material Information

This sectioning is used in

general for solids (non-
material specific hatching)
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Basics – Representation
for 3rd Angle Projection

Section B - B

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 Basics – How to

• Lines should never be parallel or

perpendicular to the object lines.
(esp. never ever parallel)

• If the outline of the object has edge lines

aligned at 45 degrees, hatch lines should be
drawn at 30 or 60 degrees preferably.

• Assembly Sections with several parts should

be drawn with altering angle hatch lines.
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 Basics – Cutting Planes
for 3rd Angle Projection

Note:
Representation for B-B is showing a removed section, it’s NOT a correctly
oriented and aligned orthogonal section with respect to the related view. 10
 Basics – Visualization
for 3rd Angle Projection

• Here is the Part to Cut

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Basics – Visualization
for 3rd Angle Projection

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Basics – Visualization
for 3rd Angle Projection

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Lines in Sectioning – Rules
• Rule 1: A sectioned area (the cut material) is
always completely bounded by a visible outline.
• Rule 2: The section lines in all areas should be
parallel on the same part. Section lines shown in
different directions indicate different parts.
• Rule 3: All the visible edges behind the cutting
plane should be shown.
• Rule 4: Hidden features should preferably be
omitted in all areas of a section view. Exceptions
include threads and broken out sections and
cases otherwise impossible or hard to show. (See
next slide)
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Lines in Sectioning – Hidden Lines

• Hidden Lines (the invisible edges behind the cut

plane) are NOT added in a section view unless it
adds clarity and substantial ease to drawing and
let’s you omit a view.

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Lines in Sectioning no
background hidden hidden line different hatch
visibles lines termination directions

Huge Huge Huge

Lines in Sectioning Mistake !! Mistake !! Mistake !!

Otherwise
Omits a view
impossible
and adds clarity
to view

Hidden Lines in Sectioning 16

Lines in Sectioning no
background hidden hidden line different hatch
visibles lines termination directions

Lines in Sectioning

Hidden Lines in Sectioning 17

Common Types of Sectioning

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All Types of
Sectioning

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All Types of Sectioning

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Full Sections – Full, Offset

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Full Sections – Aligned, Sloped

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Full Sections – Revolved, Profile, Removed

(also called, Removed Section)

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Half, Partial (Broken, Local) Sections

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Intersections

Intersections

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Intersections

Straight Indented Straight Curved cut

Cut Slot Slot cut Hole Hole

Intersections Straight cut

Hole with 45º
straight
edges, when
dia’s are
equal
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Examples – Half Section

Half Section 27
Examples – Offset Section

Hidden Lines are added in this section view only because

it adds clarity to drawing and let’s you omit a view.
Offset Section 28
Examples –
Offset Section

• These sectioning
examples are drawn in
ISO-E standard !
Adjusting the offsets and naming
Orientation of arrows
Planes of offset sectioning
and placement of views
differ between ISO-A
and ISO-E
• In Offset sectioning, the
offsets are defined by
thick corners on a
Removing the plane of an
section line. offset section

Section of an empty bullet shell

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Examples –
Full Section
(Bullet Shell)

Section of an empty bullet shell

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Large & Thin Sections
• Sections of elements like Profile Steels & Steel Plates,
when joined by rivets or by welding, may be full black, with
spaces between elements.
• Like wise, large sections are only hatched along the sides.

Large Sections Thin Sections

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Sectioning Shafts
Round Solid

• Sectioning shafts
and long parts
Round Tubular

Do NOT section
shafts lengthwise, Round Tubular

but use the

methods given
Rectangular
here to specify a
shaft
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Exceptional
Mechanical
Elements in
Sectioning

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Examples – Revolved(rotated) Sections

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Examples – Revolved(rotated) (cont.)
You do not see any line
belonging to the main
view continue across
the section.

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Examples – Revolved(rotated) (cont.)

NO !

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Examples –
Revolved &
Assembly
Sections

(Hatched as multiple parts)

(Hatched as a single part)

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Examples – Revolved Sections on a
Shaft

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Ribs, Webs and Lugs

(Flanş)
(Kulak,
(Kanat) kulp)

(Rib and Web are similar in function, you may see them named in place of each other) 42
Sectioning Webbed Parts (Note: Drawings are in ISO-E)

Rib/Web
NOT hatched

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Sectioning Webbed Parts (Note: Drawings are in ISO-E)

True section is
NOT prefered !

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Webs

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Web / Rib / Spoke

(Alternate sectioning of rib could be omitted) 47

Spokes
Not Hatched !

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Examples – Aligned Sections

(An aligned offset section)

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Examples – Aligned Sections

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Examples – Aligned Sections

Lugs are NOT hatched lengthwise. They are hatched otherwise.

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Ribs

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Types of
Hatch Lines

(may differ
due to
regional
standards)

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Types of
Hatch Lines

At least, one
should be able
to differentiate
materials in a
tech.dwg., &
preferably be
able to tell the
very basic
ones

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Example #1 – a Single Rotary Part
• Examine the part, and think up its production steps

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 Examples –
Sectioning Assemblies

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Example #2 –
Salmastra Kutusu
(Seal Casing)

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Example #3 –
Safety / Relief Valve

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Example #3 (explained) –
Safety / Relief Valve
1. Gövde (Main Body)
2. Kapak (Cover)
3. Emniyet Kafası (Securing Head)
4. Conta (Sealing)
5. Yay mili (Spring Shaft)
6. Yay (Spring)
7. Baskı Plakası (Pressure Plate)
8. Ayar cıvatası (Adjustment Bolt)
9. Ayar somunu (Adjustment Nut)
10. Kapak Somunu (Cover Bolt)
11. Kapak cıvatası (Cover Nut)
12. Pin (Pim).
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Example #4 – Safety / Relief Valve

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Example #5 – Rear Wheel Connection of
a Race Car

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Example #5 • Rear wheel connection of a race car
(explained) Bearing Bearing
Sealing
outer ring inner ring
(Yalıtım elemanı)

Shaft (Mil)

Oil Thrower
(Yağ Sıçratma
Halkası) Bushings
(Burç)
Ball Bearing
(Bilyali Rulman)
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Example #5
6 7 8 9 10 11
2 3 4 5

1
12

13

14

19 18 17 16 15

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Example #6 –
Hook Block

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Example #6 – Hook Block (cont)

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Example #6 (itenary) Sealing
(Sızdırmazlık Elemanı)

Axial R.
Adjustment Ring Bearing
(Ayar Bileziği) (Eksenel
Rulman)

Oil Thrower (Yağ

Sıçratma Halkası
/ Plakası)
Axle
(Aks, Perno)

Sealing Body Cover

(Sızdırmazlık (Kasnak
Elemanı / Conta) Haznesi)

Radial R. Bearing Pulley Hub

(Radyal Rulman ) (Kasnak Gövdesi)
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Example #6 (order of assembly)
8 7 6

5
10
4
11
12 3

13
2

14

1
15

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