IMPORTANT GUIDELINES TO CARRY OUT ANCHORING PROCEDURE SAFETY AND SMOOTHLY

 General safety procedures and precautions including PPE (Personal protecting equipment)
 Identify a safe anchorage with good holding ground
 Waters of the port state authority
 Local weather and forecasts
 Sufficient depth of water
 Anchor to be use
 Amount of cable to use/payout
 Method of letting go or walking back

DIFFERENT METHODS FOR ANCHORING SHIPS

 Running anchoring: is a method use when anchoring with headway and laying out the
cable under the ship
 Dropping anchorage: Is a method in which the anchor is let go, and then the ship is moved
astern laying out the cable

MOORING OPERATION

AVOID ACCIDENTS DURING THE ANCHORING OPERATION

 Don’t allow any extra crew member on the deck

 Consider weather condition
 Have knowledge of snapback zone and rope bight
 Check all the mooring equipment
 Check tail of mooring lines
 Keep a check on the mooring line load
 Avoid mixes mooring

SNAP-BACK ZONE

Securing a vessel in a particular place by means of wire or ropes made fast to the shore to anchors,
or to anchored mooring buoys, or to ride with both anchor down.

ROPES BIGHT

A coil o ring which could be formed by a rope in use during mooring operation.

PERFORM A SAFE MOORING OPERATION

 Use appropriate lines

 Set and inspection system
 Plan operation
 Toolbox meeting
 Execute operation
 Post operation activities
ANCHORING AND MOORING GEAR

The anchor are normally to be housed in hawse pipes and anchor pockets of adequate size,
scantling in suitable form to prevent movement of anchor and chain due to wave action.

ANCHOR GEAR

 Windlass: is a device that functions very similar to a capstan, but instead of featuring a
vertical barrel, the windlass will feature a horizontal pulley or barrel.
 Hawse pipe: is a tube that leads the chain to the forecastle deck.
 Anchor chain: refers to the component that attaches the anchor to the boat or structure
and is usually referred to as the anchor rode or anchor cable.
 Bollard: is either a post found as a deck fitting on a ship or boat, and use to secure ropes
for towing, mooring and the other purpose, or its counterpart on land, stone post on a
quayside to which craft can be moored.
 Fairleader: a thimble or cringle to guide a rope.
 Mooring pipe: an oral or round casting fitted in the bulwark through which mooring lines
are passed.
 Deck and rolled: it is an important fair lead device for ship mooring.
 Wire reel: a device comprising a flexible cable or cord attached to a reel, so constructed
that the cord can be wound onto the reel.
 Capstan: is a mechanical device used mainly on board ships or shipyards for moving heavy
weights by means of ropes, cables or chains.
 Derrick boom: Is a fixed quyed mast derrick that can be rotated and connected to a boom.
 Boom support: a support for a boom when the boom is not in use.
 Air pipes: is a pipe provided to equalize the tank pressure with the atmospheric one while
the tanks is being emptied or filled.
 Sounding pipe: a pipe in a water or oil tank on a ship for measuring depth of liquid.
 Anchor davit: Is any of various crane-like devices used on a ship for supporting, raising,
and lowering equipment such as boats and anchors.
 Stockless anchor: Consist of a set of heavy flukes connected by a pivot join to a shank
 Anchor shackle: A shackle to secure a chain to the ring of an anchor.
 Anchor shank: Is the stem of the anchor in which direction is pulled to a set the anchor
 Anchor crown: Is the lowest part of the anchor. It sometimes has a small knob or bump.
 Anchor arm: is an anchor arm distal end is engaged to the anchor element proximal end.
 Anchor palm: is a flat expanded part especially at the end of a base or stalk.
 Anchor light david: a light, visible from at least two miles away, shown at night near the
bow and not more than 20 feet above the deck of a vessel laying at anchor.
 Handrail: is a rail that is designed to be grasped by the hand so as o provide stability.

MOORING GEAR

 Warping head: is a cylinder-like fitting at the end of winch or windlass shafts.

 Guide roller: are used to safety change the direction of the moving rope.
  Head line: keeping forward part of the ship against the dock.
 Forward spring: is a line used to prevent forward movement.

ROPE BIGHT

Mooring ropes are long and heavy ropes stored on board ships in coil form. When these ropes are
in use, they tend to form a coil or ring shape which is known as rope bight.

Avoid accidents due to rope bight are

 Crew must at all times be aware or where he is standing while handling the ropes or when
near them.
 Supervising officer must be mindful of other crew members actions and should not involve
himself in the operations as a working hand.

ANCHORAGE: is a location at sea where ships can lower anchors.

FOREDECK: is the part of the deck at the front of a ship

GROUND TAKCKLE: refers to all the parts of anchor package between the boat and the anchor.

SCOPE: is the ratio of anchor line to the water

The rise To hoist

To secure To make safe
To keep clear To stay away
Causalities Deaths
To have To haul
Injuries damages
To drop To let go

PLANNING OF MOORING OPERATION, SOME ASPECT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED:

 The nature of the berth where the vessel will make fast
 The availability of quayside bollards
 The expected environment conditions during the stay, including the height of tide
 The windage area of the vessel

MOORING OF SHIP

Is a procedure to make fast the ship with a fixed or floating object (pier, jetty, ship, barge, buoy,
etc.)
TYPES OF MOORING

 Mediterranean mooring: is a technique for mooring a vessel to pier at a perpendicular

angle.
 Baltic mooring: is a combination mooring of a vessel. Alongside the berth, which employs
a stern mooring, shackled to the offshore anchor cable in the region of the “ganger
length”.
 SPM (Single point mooring): is a floating buoy/jetty anchored of shore to allow handling of
liquid cargo such as petroleum products for tanker ships. SMP is mainly used in area
where a dedicated facility for loading and unloading liquid cargo is not available.
 Multiple point mooring: in this mooring method the bow of the ship is secured using both
her anchors whereas the is secured to buoy around it.
 Ship to ship mooring: Ship to ship transfer operation involves mooring alongside of two
different or same size ships for cargo transfer. During this operation either one of the ship
is at anchor or both are underway.
 Running mooring: take relatively short duration compared to Mediterranean mooring and
offers more control of the vessel.
 Standing Mooring: This is practice during cross winds.

KNOTS

These animated knots are primarily for boaters, but many are useful for anyone who uses rope
and values safety.

CHARACATETISTICS

Rope used in boating is durable and expensive and is often handling heavy loads.

Example: when berthing, mooring, towing another vessel, preparing for a storm, or managing
sails.

The emphasis, therefore, is on safety, reliability, and convenience.

STANDING END: of a rope is the part that isn’t active is knot tying. It is the opposite part in the
working end.

BITTER END: is the end of the line that is worked with.

EACH LINE SERVES A SPECIFIC PURPOSE.

A Typical mooring scheme

Head line Keep forward part of the ship against the dock
Forward breast line Keep close to pier
Forward spring Prevent from advancing
Aft spring Prevent moving back
Aft breast line Keep close to pier
Stern line Prevent forwards movement
LARGE VESSEL MOORING LINES

BOW LINE
FORWARD BOW SPRING
FORWARD BREAST LINE
AFTER BOW SPRING
FORWARD QUARTER SPRING
QUARTER BREAST LINE
AFTER QUARTER SPRING
STERN LINE

Breast lines Prevent rotation and should run roughly at 90°

to the dock.
Spring line prevent fore and aft movement and should
run nearly parallel to the dock

Type anchorn

Stock anchor: old fashion stock anchor was popular when the tall ships ruled the ocean.

Danforth anchor: uses a stock at the crown to which two large flat triangular flukes are attached.

Anchoring SMCP

we are going to drop sb anchor We will let go starboard anchor

We will let go starboard anchor . “Let go starboard anchor! Put 6 shackles in
water”.
We are going to heave anchor. “We will heave anchor”.
Start heaving port anchor “Heave up port anchor”.
Anchor is loose from the ground Anchor is aweigh
There are 3 shackles left to come in “3 shackles left”

Berthing SMCP

We are going to berth on port side “We will berth port alongside”

UNIDAD 6.

Some basic precautions (STEERING CONTROL)

 In open sea vessel is normally in auto pilot. It is advisable to change over to hand or
manual control t avoid excessive hurting of the rudder.
 On person shuld go and check all the oil levels, linkages and other important parameters
of the steering gear in the steering room.
 Sufficient man powe including senior officers to be present in the bridge.

MACHINERY CONTROL
  Monitoring all the parameters of the main propulsion plant and auxiliary power plan
machinery
 Stand by generator is to be kept on load until the bod weather situation stops.
 Sky light and other opening to be closed.

OTHER COMMON PRECAUTIONS

 It is to be instructed to the crew not to go out on open deck in rough weather.

 All opening to the accommodation to be kept shut.

SHIP MOTION AND HER STRESSES

 ROTATIONAL
 Rolling: is the motion of a ship from side to side as she moves through the water
 Pitching: is the motion of a ship in vising the crest of a waves then descending into the
following
 Yawing: is where the bow of a ship falls away or sways erratically from side to side as the
vessel move through the water.
 TRANSLATION
 Heave: is the motion of the ship when the ship have being up by wave or sea
 Swaying: is the swing of a mast or bow of a ship from side to side as th vessel
progresses in a heavy sea
 Surging: movement forward as the bow of a ship rises and dips when it encounter
waves which are strong enough to lift it.

THE FORCES PRODUCE STRESSES IN THE SHIPS

 Hoggins: is when the ship bends upwarerds longitudinall. This occurs when there ismore
concentrated at the ends due to uneven cargo distribution or when the vessel rides a
wave crest in its middle, causing excessive buoyancy.
 Sagging: is the reverse of hogging when the ship bends longitudinally in the downwards
direction. This occurs when there is more weigth concentrated in the mid length of the
vessel, causing excessive bouoyancy at the ends.
 Racking
 Torsion
 Panting

PARAMETRIC ROLLING

Is a type of movement that is experienced only the container ships. Is a phenomenon, which can
quickly generate large roll angles that are couple whit significant pitch motions, leading to
breaking of container lashing loss of containers and capsizing of ships.
EFFECTS OF PARAMETRIC ROLLING

 Heavy stresses in ships structure especially in fore and aft parts.

 Extreme stresses on container and their securing system resulting in failure of the same
and even loss of containers

There are water conditions

 HEAD SEA: occurs when the direction of the waves is following toward you.
 Calm water: is easy to spot
 Following sea: is the opposite. When you are riding whit the wave direction. This can be
good or bad, depending again on size of boat and size of wave and distance of wave’s
length.
 Beam Sea: is when the direction of the waves is perpendicular to your line of travel.

What is the bad weather?

A rough weather is a state of the weather, which can put navigation, the ship and the cargo
that is transported at risk