Yllana Bay View College

Balangasan District Pagadian City

“The Builder of Future Leader

FORENSIC BALLISTICS
Module 2 (1st Prelim)
Objectives: at the end of the topic the student is expected to identify the different parts of fire arms.
At the end of the topic the student is expected to classify the different kinds of fire arms. At the end of
the topic the student is expected to discuss the different types of weapon

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OR FIREARMS

1. SMOOTH – BORE FIREARMS – Firearms that does not contain rifling or perfectly smooth from
end to end. e.g. Shotguns and muskets.

2 RIFLED ARMS – Firearms that contains rifling or the bore is cut longitudinally with a
number of grooves from the breech end to muzzle end e.g. Pistols, Revolvers, rifles
(military or commercial), machine guns and other big guns such as cannon and other
weapons of war.

REVOLVER – a hand firearm in which a rotating cylinder successively places cartridge into the
position for firing.

Revolver Caliber .38

>Barrel assembly

> cylinder assembly

> Frame or receiver

PISTOL - a hand firearm usually applies to single shot and automatic loading
MAIN TYPES OF FIREARMS IN R.A. 10591
SMALL ARMS - refer to firearms intended to be or primarily designed for individual use or that
which is generally considered to mean a weapon intended to be fired from the hand or shoulder,
which are not capable of fully automatic bursts of discharge

1. Handgun which is a firearm intended to be fired from the hand

2. Rifle which is a shoulder firearm or designed to be fired from the shoulder that can discharge a
bullet through a rifled barrel by different actions of loading, which may be classified as lever, bolt,
or self-loading;

3. Shotgun which is a weapon designed, made and intended to fire a number of ball shots or a
single projectile through a smooth bore by the action or energy from burning gunpowder.

TYPES OF SHOT GUN

1. Single Barreled Shotgun

Similar to a single shot rifle. IT is loaded with a single shotgun cartridge, closed, fired and to
be reloaded manually by the shooter. This is common in a break type, breech-loading
shotgun.
2. Double Barreled Shotgun - Appears in different variation depending on the barrel position.
There are double barreled shotgun positioned side by side, one over the other (over/under
shotgun), with individual trigger pull or with single trigger pull causing two hammer and firing
pin to fire almost at the same time.
3. Pump Action Shotgun - Also known by the name “slide action” type. In this type. In this type
of a shotgun the hammer is completely built inside the receiver which makes it unexposed
thus, making it known as “hammerless shotgun”. Operation is done by back and forth
manipulation of the slide by the shooter.
4. Auto-loading Shotgun - This type of shotgun has a mechanism similar to auto-loading or self-
loading rifles that permits reloading by the action of the recoil without the shooter taking added
effort.
 LIGHT WEAPONS

CLASS-A LIGHT WEAPON

which refer to self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, submachine guns, assault rifles and light
machine guns not exceeding caliber 7.62MM which have fully automatic mode;

CLASS-B LIGHT WEAPONS

which refer to weapons designed for use by two (2) or more persons serving as a crew, or rifles
and machine guns exceeding caliber 7.62MM such as heavy machine guns, handheld under-
barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns,
recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti-tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of
anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a caliber of less than 100MM.
Three General Types of Machine Guns

1. Recoil – operated

a type of machine gun devised with a recoil spring that is responsible for forcing the breech
block to move forward causing another cartridge to be loaded only after the breech block
moves rearward and empty shell is extracted upon firing.

2. Gas – operated

Is a type of machine gun equipped with gas port at the anterior portion of the barrel. When a
cartridge is fired and the bullet reach the gas port, some high-pressured gas will move to the
gas cylinder causing the piston to move to the rear moving or pulling the breech block to the
rear. At this time, the pressure in the chamber has dropped to safe limits and the various
parts are returned to the firing position by the action of the spring around the piston.

3. Combined recoil and gas-operated action

this type of machine gun the gas operation merely serve to unlock the breech block by the
pressure moving to the gas port, passing through the gas cylinder and causing the piston to
move to the rear, moving the cam to raise the lock through a stud. Once this is completed,
recoil action causes the breech block to move rearward and completes the opening cycle. The
spring will return the various parts to their closed position and cycle will be repeated for the
next shot.

TYPES OF REPEATING RIFLES

1. Bolt action type
Bolt action type may appear as either turning bolt or a straight –pull type. The turning bolt type is
manipulated by turning the bolt handle 1st upward making the bolt in an unlocked position before
pulling the handle to open the chamber causing the cartridge to be exposed and be ready for another
loading and closing before firing. The straight pull action type as its name implies, the bolt is directly
pulled to the rear without being turned. The chamber will open, loading will follow and then closed
again before firing. The Swiss army rifle called Schmidt-Rubin is a good example of this type.

2. Lever type
The name was derived from its manipulation system. It is operated by downward-forward movement
of the lever by hand, causing the opening, cocking and placing of the cartridge in its position for
loading. After which the lever is pulled back to closed position moving the cartridge to the chamber
and putting the breech block in place, ready for firing. An example of this is the Winchester model 91.

3. Slide Action type

In this type of rifle, a box type magazine is being attached and removed every time that loading and
unloading is desired. The operation is simply done by pulling the slide backward to open the breech
and forward to move the cartridge from the magazine to the chamber at the same time cocks the
hammer and locks the breech block. A good example of this is the Remington model 760.

TYPES OF FIREARMS ACCORDING TO MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION

1. Single shot firearms – types of firearms designed to fire only one shot every loading.
Examples: Single shot pistols, Revolvers and shotguns.
2. Repeating Arms - A type of firearms designed to fire several loads (shot) in one loading.
Examples: Automatic pistols, rifles and shotguns.
3. Automatic F/A – type of firearms that constitutes a continuous firing in a single press of the
trigger and while the trigger is pressed.
Examples: Machine guns and Rifles
4. Slide Action type – types of firearms in which loading takes place by back and fourth
manipulation of the under/over forearms of the gun.
Examples: Shotgun and pistols
5. Bolt Action Type – Type of firearms in which reloading takes place by manipulating the bolt
back and forth.
Examples: Rifles, shotguns and machine guns.
6. Lever type (Break type) - Loading takes place by lever action on the firearms
7. Semiautomatic type - A firearm requiring a separate pull of the trigger for each shot fired, and
which uses the energy of discharge to perform a portion of the operating or firing cycle.
(Usually the loading portion.)
BLOWBACK – In Firearm, an automatic and semiautomatic firearm design, that directly utilizes the
breech pressure exerted on the head of the cartridge cases to actuate the mechanism. In
ammunition, a leakage of gas rearward between the case and chamber wall from the mouth of the
case.
8. Machine gun type – primarily used only in military combat and will seldom be encountered by
the firearms technician.
9. Submachine-gun type – is a light, portable machine gun which uses pistol size ammunition. It
differs from a pistol in that it has a shoulder stock which may or may not fold but is designed to
be fired by the use of both hands.
10. Shotguns
a. single barreled shotgun – it is loaded with a single shotgun, closed, fired and
then de loaded by the shooter.
b. double barreled shotgun – The two barrels may be side by side or they may
be one over the other. Each barrel may have its own trigger.
c. pump action shotgun – operates in the same manner as a slide action rifles,
by means of a sliding lever under the barrel.
d. Auto loading shotguns – These are the same as automatic loading rigles in
that the recoil action reloads the gun from the magazine without any effort of
the art of the shooter
11. Miscellaneous guns
a. gas guns – these will be found in all shapes and sizes and are used for firing
tear gas and other forms of disabling gases.
b. Traps – these are designed to be set in the woods and left where animals will
encounter them. They may fire a
 Yllana Bay View College
Balangasan District Pagadian City
“The Builder of Future Leader
FORENSIC BALLISTICS
Quiz No. 2-a
Name: ____________________ Date: ____________
Course/ Year: ________________ Block: __________

Matching Type
Instruction: Match Column A to Column B

1. Smooth – Bore a) a firearm intended to be fired from the hand

Firearms
2. . Recoil – operated b) . firearm that designed to be fired from the shoulder

3. . Class-B light
weapons
4. . Revolver
5. Combined recoil and
gas-operated action
6. Class-a light weapon
c) . firearm usually applies to single shot and automatic loading
d) a type of machine gun equipped with gas port at the anterior
portion of the barrel
e) a self-loading fire arms not exceeding caliber 7.62MM which
have fully automatic mode
f) a type of machine gun the gas operation merely serves to
unlocks the breech block by the pressure moving to the gas
port.

7. Gas – operated g) firearm in which a rotating cylinder successively places

cartridge into the position for firing.
8. Pistol h) a weapons designed for use by two (2) or more persons
serving a crew

9. . Rifle i) firearms that contains rifling

10. Handgun j) firearms that does not contain rifling
k) type of machine gun devised with a recoil spring that is
responsible
To validate your answer please contact your for forcing
course facilitator. For anythe breech block
clarifications to contact
you may move forward
causing another cartridge to be loaded
me during this consultation hour. MWF – 1pm – 2 pm, TTh 10am – 11am.
Phone no: 09187276442
Fb Account: Armando Buyco
Yllana Bay View College
Balangasan District Pagadian City
“The Builder of Future Leader
FORENSIC BALLISTICS
 Quiz No. 2-b
Name: ____________________ Date: ____________
Course/ Year: ________________ Block: __________

Identification:
Instruction: Identify the following

1. It is operated by downward-forward movement of the lever by hand, causing the opening,

cocking and placing of the cartridge in its position for loading.
2. designed to be set in the woods and left where animals will encounter them.
3. A firearm requiring a separate pull of the trigger for each shot fired, and which uses the energy
of discharge to perform a portion of the operating or firing cycle.
4. Type of firearms in which reloading takes place by manipulating the bolt back and forth.
5. The types of firearms designed to fire only one shot every loading.
6. Loading takes place by lever action on the firearms.
7. type of firearms that constitutes a continuous firing in a single press of the trigger and while the
trigger is pressed.
8. The loading of fire arm takes place by lever action on the firearms.
9. It will be found in all shapes and sizes and are used for firing tear gas and other forms of
disabling gases.
10. primarily used only in military combat and will seldom be encountered by the firearms
technician.

To validate your answer please contact your course facilitator. For any clarifications you may contact
me during this consultation hour. MWF – 1pm – 2 pm, TTh 10am – 11am.
Phone no: 09187276442
Fb Account: Armando Buyco
 Yllana Bay View College
Balangasan District Pagadian City
“The Builder of Future Leader

FORENSIC BALLISTICS

Activity No. 2-c

Name: ____________________ Date: ____________

Course/ Year: ______________ Block: ___________

Instruction: Draw the Types of Firearms According to Mechanical Construction

1. Single shot firearms 2. Repeating Arms

3. Automatic F/A 4. Slide Action type

5. Bolt Action Type 6. Lever type

7. Semiautomatic type 8. Machine gun type

9. Submachine-gun type 10. Shotguns

To validate your answer please contact your course facilitator. For any clarifications you may contact
me during this consultation hour. MWF – 1pm – 2 pm, TTh 10am – 11am.
Phone no: 09187276442
Fb Account: Armando Buyco