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CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.

A Member of CARD-MRI

Bachelor of Science in Information System


Department of Information and Communications Technology

iSell Plant Selling System

System Analysis and Design report


Presented to ______________________
In CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
Tranca, Bay, Laguna

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the course
System Analysis and Design

Proponents:

_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

Chapter I

Introduction

Background of the Study

Online Businesses bloom during the time of Pandemic, residents started to sell
varieties of product using social media as their platform to market. A person can easily
sell items with the help of technology. Without the capability to freely roam outside it
was such a help to promote and transact products online. Different kinds of products
such as clothing, make up, gadgets and many more.

Software Description

A system that will provide the advantages of online shopping to customers of a plant
shop. It helps buying the garden plants in the shop anywhere through internet by using
web application. Thus, the customer will get the service of online shopping and home
delivery from his favorite shop. This system can be implemented to any shop in the
locality. It is an online portal for a plant seller to widen their scope of customers.

General Objectives:

The objective of the project is to make an application in Web platform for


customers to purchase garden plants online. To build such an application complete
web support, need to be provided. A complete and efficient web application which
can provide the online shopping experience is the basic objective of the project.

2
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

Specific Objectives:

The System aims to provide the following features and functions:

User-Friendly - System provides simple design to help shoppers get to what they want
faster and without running into unnecessary complexity, High and good quality plants
Security Feature - Adds an extra layer of security by requiring username/password in
the system.
Advanced Payment Options – Different payment options like credit card or bank
account in PayPal to easily purchase the product.
Detailed Shipping Information - It is also helpful to include delivery time and options for
faster delivery.
Add to cart and wishlist -The system has an add to cart and wish=list feature
Manage products- The administrator can add product, delete product, and view product
Manage orders- The administrator can view orders and delete orders.
View users - The administrator can view system user.
User Log - The administrator can view user log .
User Review - The user can submit their reviews about an specific plant.
Track Order - Th user can check their order status.

3
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

Input Process Output

Hardware Requirements

• Processor: Intel or AMD


processor of at least 2.0
GHz Dual-Core or higher
iSell Plant
x86 or x64 - based Selling System
processor

• RAM: Minimum of 2
Gigabytes RAM or higher

• Storage: at least 500


Gigabytes unused HDD or
SSD storage or up

Software Requirements

• Operating System:
Windows, Linux, Chrome OS
or macOS, 32bit or 64bit
Operating System

• Recommended Browser:
Google Chrome, Microsoft

Figure 1: IPO Model

Figure 1 shows the input required and the process it undergone in order to successfully
deliver the iSell Plant Selling System.

4
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

Significance of the Study

The significance of the study is to create a plant selling system that will benefit
the following;

School. The system will be a contribution to the schools intellectual property and can
be used as a learning material for future learners.

Students. This will help the students to gain more knowledge in creating a useful
program for the community.

Plant Sellers. Plant selling system that will benefit plant sellers to easily manage their
transactions. They will have the capability to display and add prices of plants. Customer
can choose varieties of plants and be recorded in a database. Sellers and customers do
not need to have a face-to-face transaction that makes things easier and time wise.

Future researchers. will benefit from the study by using this as a basis for future
modifications. The system to be develop will be open for improvements and dedicated
to help future researchers.

Scope and Limitations

Scope of the Study

The proposed plant selling system will enhance the current purchasing and
selling process of plants around the community. With the use and implementation of this
system, it will improve the customer experience and give better transaction between the
seller.

5
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

Limitation of the Study

The study has its limitation that will potentially constraints the developers, First
the study the only caters plant selling businesses and no other products. The system
will only provide e-commerce platform to a specific plant business rather than any other
businesses. Time- limit, the developers only have one semester to finish the system.
Because of this, the system only has limited trials and sample customers.

Definition of Terms

The following are defined for clearer understanding of the different unfamiliar
terms used in this proposal.

Operational Terms

Administrator. A person who installs, maintain, and support an organization's


information technology systems and is responsible for the upkeep, configuration, and
reliable operation of computer systems.

Agile. Relating to or denoting a method of project management, used especially for


software development, that is characterized by the division of tasks into short phases of
work and frequent reassessment and adaptation of plans.

Analysis. Detailed examination of the elements or structure of something.

Application. Is a software program that runs on your computer. Web browsers, e-mail
programs, word processors, games, and utilities are all applications

Automated. The technique, method, or system of operating or controlling a process by


highly automatic means.

6
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

Back-End. The back end of a website consists of a server, an application, and a


database. A back-end developer builds and maintains the technology that powers those
components which, together, enable the user-facing side of the website to even exist in
the first place.

Browser. Program with a graphical user interface for displaying HTML files, used to
navigate the World Wide Web.

Complexity. The quality or state of not being simple or the quality or state of being
complex.

Credibility. The quality of being trustworthy or believable

Database. Any collection of data, or information, that is specially organized for rapid
search and retrieval by a computer. Databases are structured to facilitate the storage,
retrieval, modification, and deletion of data in conjunction with various data-processing
operations.

Commerce. Refer to the sale of physical products online, but it can also describe any
kind of commercial transaction that is facilitated through the internet.

Features. Notable property of a device or software application

Front-End. The front end of a website is the part that users interact with. Everything
that you see when you are navigating around the Internet, from fonts and colors to
dropdown menus and sliders, is a combo of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript being
controlled by your computer’s browser.

Hardware. The machines, wiring, and other physical components of a computer or


other electronic system.

HDD. A hard disk drive is a non-volatile data storage device. It is usually installed
internally in a computer, attached directly to the disk controller of the computer's
motherboard.

7
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

Modification. Is a change or alteration, usually to make something work better.

Operating System. Most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the


computer's memory and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware. It also
allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the
computer's language.

Policy. It is a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party,


business, or individual.

Portal. A website or web page providing access or links to other sites.

Processor. "Microprocessor," is a small chip that resides in computers and other


electronic devices. Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output.
While this may seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of
calculations per second

Proponent. A person who puts forward a proposition or proposal. a person who argues
in favor of something, an advocate, a person who supports a cause or doctrine,
adherent.

RAM. It is an acronym for random access memory, a type of computer memory that can
be accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching
the preceding bytes. RAM is found in servers, PCs, tablets, smartphones, and other
devices, such as printers.

Scope. The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it
is relevant.

Shipping. It is the act or business of sending goods to people, stores, etc.

Significance. Something that is conveyed as a meaning often obscurely or indirectly

Software. It is the programs and other operating information used by a computer.

8
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

SSD. Short for solid-state drive, an SSD is a storage medium that uses non-volatile
memory to hold and access data. Unlike a hard drive, an SSD has no moving parts,
which gives it advantages, such as faster access time, noiseless operation, higher
reliability, and lower power consumption.

Storage. Space available for storing something, in particular allocated space in a


physical or virtual warehouse.

System. It is a collection of elements or components that are organized for a common


purpose or a set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an
interconnecting network

Transaction. Agreement between a buyer and a seller to exchange goods, services, or


financial instruments

Web Platform. A platform is any hardware or software used to host an application or


service.

9
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

Chapter II

Review on Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the materials used in related literature and studies both
foreign and local sources to support the relevance of the presented study.

Foreign Literature

According to Baker, Lauri M., et al. "Is it for generation me? A qualitative study
exploring marketing and selling plants online to millennial-aged consumers." Journal of
Applied Communications, vol. 104, no. 2, 2020, p. NA. Accessed 15 Oct. 2020. Online
plant selling increases, and todays millennial-aged consumers perceive the purchasing
experience with the use of technologies like social media, e-newsletters, and other
forms of digital communication which makes it to be easily adopted by millennial-aged
consumers. The presence of different online tools improves the products offered online
and different stores and sellers.

According to Campbell, Benjamin L. and Hall, Charles R. in their research article


“Effects of Pricing Influences and Selling Characteristics on Plant Sales in the Green
Industry” There are factors which affects pricing in plant category sales and total sales.
Increasing the percent of sales through wholesale channels results in increased sales.

According to Tash Postolovski (Author) Selling plants online is a side hustle with
a difference you can earn extra money doing something that actually enriches your life.
In Selling Plants Online, home-based plant nursery owner Tash Postolovski shares how
to earn extra money by shipping plants to eager buyers around the country. Online plant
sales are booming, and you can take advantage of this rapidly growing trend.

10
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

According to Sid Raisch (Article) Online plant sales form a rapidly developing
segment of the market, with retail giants like Amazon looking to deliver in-demand plant
varieties to customers across the country. GIE Media’s Horticulture Group talked to Sid
Raisch, CEO of online plant retailer Bower & Branch and industry consultant, about the
current and expected direction of plant sales on the web as a business model. It’s
becoming increasingly simple to buy everything online, and although live plants have
been a partial exception to this rule, that may be changing.

According to Holly Scogins in an article “Getting informed about the green-goods


supply chain can help you understand why plants aren’t dirt cheap”. The inputs needed
to get these plants to a desired size include growing media, fertilizer, water, and, of
course, labor. The longer a plant is in production, the more labor is involved, especially
with woody plants—pruning, pest and pathogen management, fertilizer application, and
repotting to larger containers. If the finishing grower is also a retailer, the gardener
purchases the plant directly from the company. If a wholesale grower finishes the plant,
it must be shipped to a retail destination. This could be a big-box store or an
independent garden center

According to Dr. Thilak T. Ranasinghe in an article A novel living agricultural


concept in urban communities: Family Business Garden In order to live with limited
urban infrastructure facilities, environmental conditions and socio-economic situations,
the concept of the Family Business Garden justifies the necessity of its presence
through the experience in the Western Province of Sri Lanka. Having a proper mix of
environmental and commercial agricultural concerns, the concept paves the way not
only to address family food requirements but also to produce for markets under

11
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

liberalized economies by promoting agro-entrepreneurship and social capital


development attempts in urban communities.

According to the authors Yu-jin Song, Woo-Kyung Choi, Hye-young Jin in an


Article: Journal of Korean Society for People, Plants, and Environment 2015, “The
Current Condition and Improvement Plan of Native Herbaceous Plants in Selling
Online”. In order to promote the distribution of native plants online, first, it is necessary
to establish a portal site that specializes in native plants for small companies that
produce small amounts of various varieties, and second, for rare plants that are sold
indiscriminately. It is necessary to enact or supplement laws by related organizations for
preservation and distribution, and thirdly, accurate definitions, names, and detailed
classification standards for native plants should be systematically established so that
the public can obtain easier and more useful information.

Local Literature

According to an article entitled “E-commerce booms in PH amid pandemic” by


Bernie Cahiles-Magkilat (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic brings the change in the retail
landscape and affects the vendors to quickly adopt as they switched to online
processing of transactions, orders and connecting to logistics providers to serve strong
demand in today’s situation. Small businesses, enterprises and sellers forced to
innovate to connect to buyers.

Hilda Austria in her article entitled “Plant, garden supply business in Dagupan
boom amid pandemic” (2020) Plant selling business in Dagupan City boom amidst the
pandemic caused by the COVID-19, the number of customers have increased,

12
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

especially for indoor plants, as well as succulents and cactuses. The rise in the
popularity of plants and gardening contributes to the use of internet in online selling.

Madelaine B. Miraflor according to him (Article), will make it easier for the
Philippine government to give flower and plant growers access to support and credit
mandate in online selling to follow a set of guidelines in terms of the use of chemicals
on their plants, which will help ensure the safety of their and their workers’ health
improve traceability on the origin of the plants and lastly, make sure that consumers are
paying the right price from the soil and pots to the plant itself.

According to Johanna O. Bajenting (Article) many have turned to urban


gardening to destress from this global health pandemic. But while planting and
propagating, some turned this hobby into a profitable venture at this time when the
economy has been brought to a standstill. The extended lockdowns in Cebu have
specifically unlocked the ground for the plant and pot industries to thrive as people
started gardening in their own homes. she started selling succulents two years ago
when she found a supplier in Luzon who sells them for a third of the prices at malls. She
invested P1,500 for 30 pieces of succulents to start the online business.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become and will continue
to be an integral part of the day-to-day life of every Filipino across all levels of our
society. The occurrence of communication technology around the world necessitates
that government get on a cohesive and coordinated strategy on how to prepare its
citizens to survive, live and thrive in a digital world.(The Philippine Digital Strategy
Transformation 2.0: Digital Empowered Nation 2011) The main objective of the paper is
to have a competitive society where everyone has a reliable, affordable and secure
information access in the Philippine

13
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

The “New Normal” of Increased Online Business Transactions, and Revisiting


Revenue Memorandum Circular No. 55-2013 by Renz Homer S. Arreola state that, with
consumers resorting more to online shopping amid pandemic restrictions, entrepreneurs
have embraced the digital phenomenon for online shopping even more. E-commerce

websites such as Lazada and Shopee are at the forefront of these online shopping
platforms with expected surges in sales revenues in millions of pesos. Technology has
already transformed online business transactions into an infinite marketplace where
conducting business has become more convenient and efficient for both vendors and
vendees. The COVID-19 pandemic has made this marketplace a more obvious
necessity.

According to LPU-Laguna Journal of Business and Accountancy, The Online


selling is a trend in this generation with the rise of e-commerce. The researchers found
out that the gap between the customer expectations and perceptions when it comes to
online selling is tangibility which means that there are some products that customers
expected to have better quality while they receive a product that is not beyond their
expectation and they feel somehow dissatisfied.

Foreign Studies

According to Brigita Go (2012), running an online business is much better than


opening a store. Selling online is indeed one of the great ways to make profits online. In
fact, it is also a great way to widen your target market and grow your business fast as
well. Carolyn Anderson (2012) stated that by putting your business online, you are also
widening your reach worldwide. It is important to check out some online selling tips that
may help make selling successful.

14
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

According to Michael Braganza (2007), ecommerce is the latest method to


increasing your sales. This is because instead of selling your goods and services
through a local store, you can sell online and gain a greater customer base. Apart from
providing shipping services, you will need an online ecommerce merchant account to
accept credit card payments to make your venture a success.

According to Dr. Muhammad Naved Awar (2014) in the study Online home based
businesses: systematic literature review and future research agenda, We have argued
that online home based businesses are worthy focus due to their distinct nature from
other types of home based business, the growth in the number of such businesses, their
importance in providing an opportunity for innovation and beneficial impact and their
ability to provide entrepreneurial opportunity to new groups of entrepreneurs. There is a
modest but growing stream of research that addresses the field of online home-based
businesses supports our interest in this domain.

Based on the study Business environment and internet commerce benefit—a


small business perspective by School of Information Technology School of Information
Technology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia. Anecdotal evidence
shows that the internet can enable a startup company to globalize and achieve multi-
million-dollar turnover in a couple of years. Beyond this handful of examples, small
businesses find that this is not always true. It seems that certain pre-conditions need to
be in place before this is possible

In a qualitative study exploring marketing and selling plants online to millennial-


aged consumers by Lauri M. Baker, Kelsey M. Tully, and Deanna R. Sumners. As

15
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

online selling of products like living plants increases, it is increasingly important to


understand how millennial-aged consumers perceive the purchasing experience. New-
media technologies like social media, e-newsletters, and other forms of digital
communication are easily adopted by millennial-aged consumers. One of these tools,
360-degree video, offers novel ways to preview products offered online and look inside
local brick-and-mortar stores, which can be visited in person. Sales of horticultural
goods online have been slow to be developed by industry veterans, creating ample
opportunities available to new ventures

In a research entitled “Design of E-Commerce Information Systems for


Houseplants: The Case of Yasyifa Nursery Plantation” by Ujang Maman, Yuni Sugiarti,
and Nia Kumaladewi. The online selling system helps stores to sell some variety of
plants like aglonema, bromille, and anthorium and with online marketing it is ready to
sell to all customers. System helps also in managing plants, data, customer data and
order data.

International Plant Protection Convention, The Internet trade (e-Commerce) in


Plants. Plant products are marketed on many web-commerce sites. The Internet
provides convenience to a shopper, along with instant satisfaction, for the purchase of a
variety of products. Plants are often sold in small quantities and are being imported into
and then distributed within their country.

Local Studies

According to Katrina Tan, Business in Cyberspace, Entrepreneur Philippines


Magazine May 1, 2007, SYO Bnow, Inc., which stands for Start your Online Business
Now, is a company whose business is to help other people start their own businesses. It

16
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

recently launched the Philippines' first online marketplace for goods and services,
bringing together buyers and sellers through an online Web portal that serves as a
complete virtual office.

According to polytechnic university of the Philippines. The study successfully


accomplished to find the answers on how online shopping affects people's behavior in
terms of buying. Based on all the gathered information, it is concluded that people's
frequent usage of online shopping leads to the changes of its standards in terms of
acquiring goods and services that they needed. Consumers tend to be wiser as they try
to look first all the possible opportunity cost that they may encounter if they shopped in
a traditional way, such as time, effort, and productivity.

A research study “Knowledge on the Use and Benefits of E-Commerce” by


Josephine Nava-Macali states that the existence of the e-commerce convinced the
users and provides fast and convenient use and reduces transaction costs. Creativity
and innovativeness help making the business better as to how they could better
promote their product by devoting more time surfing the internet to update themselves
in the recent trends.

A research from Adoption of E-Commerce in Manila by Edralin Lim, De La Salle


University. E-commerce connects the purchase and sale of goods and services through
the Internet. Because of the number of netizens growing, improved broadband access,
rapid revolution, and widespread use of smartphones, spread social media, E-
commerce has paved the way for the global market. Many E-commerce opportunities
for countries as manufacturers cover access to new, outdated markets; while
opportunities for users consist of access to goods and services at lower prices,
knowledge, technology, and more competition. The recognition given to E-commerce
worldwide is vigorously thriving despite some concerns such as distrust in E-commerce.

17
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

Philippine firms have yet to fully tap the potentials of e-commerce that will help
them to compete in domestic and global markets. In the process of preparing
themselves to conduct e-commerce, these firms will be changing the way they do
business. These changes are expected to have an impact on the welfare of Philippine
workers. Most efforts to measure the economic effects of e-commerce—including those
on workers’ welfare—have focused on the U.S. and Europe, who are considered to be
the leaders in e-commerce. (Roberto, 2002) In general, it discuss the changes in the
nature of work from the front to back office is likely within the sectors performing
services Employment demand for these industry, they may be focused away from
agents and blue collared workers, toward higher management and executive staff.

According to Erwin Alampay (2008) article Filipino Entrepreneurs on the Internet.


While this phenomenon of using social networks and m–cash may primarily involve an
urban population, it is significant for development, nonetheless, considering the growing
segment of the poor found in urban locales. Further, lessons for the rural population can
still be derived by analyzing the barriers to entry in the online world, provided that
access to infrastructure (that is, the Internet, courier, and G–Cash services) is available.
In this regard, the linking enablers/disablers of online commerce to offline contexts
remains crucial.

Philippine firms have yet to fully tap the potentials of e-commerce that will help
them to compete in domestic and global markets. In the process of preparing
themselves to conduct e-commerce, these firms will be changing the way they do
business. These changes are expected to have an impact on the welfare of Philippine
workers. Most efforts to measure the economic effects of e-commerce—including those
on workers’ welfare—have focused on the U.S. and Europe, who are considered to be
the leaders in e-commerce. (Roberto, 2002)

18
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

Synthesis

As the growing networks of information and technological used in today’s world,


majority of people rely on some internet based means of delivering service and online
transaction to further improve business operations as well as to implement the evolving
technology in some kind of businesses which includes buying and selling of plants.
Promotion of products online has been today’s effective way of distribution of some
varieties of plants to their consumer. Establishing an online portal site that specializes in
managing and keeping track on some business transactions and digital communication
is becoming wide across the community and the world in which consumers perceives
better way of experience. Different online tools relatively improve the products offered
online. Today’s situation has brought interest in the general public and plant selling are
booming which is becoming more convenient and simpler for consumers to access
online. E-commerce has gaining popularity and improves online transactions which
results to increasing number of customers. Online selling is becoming a worldwide trend
in this generation.

Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents an overview of the system and also the presentation
description of the design, process flow, methodology used and paradigm

Brief Review of the Existing System

19
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

According to Systematic literature review of e-Commerce implementation studies E-


Commerce system implementation is a crucial process for organization to make it
successful and beneficial. As a consequence, intensive research works in the area of e-
Commerce implementation from a diverse range of views and findings have been
studied by many researchers. However, the aspect of Business-to-Customer (B2C) e-
Commerce implementation has yet been undertaken in an understandable manner in
the context of a full life cycle of information systems development. This paper provides a
systematic literature review of existing research studies on e-Commerce implementation
to discover the extent focus of work based on theme in the implementation phases: pre-
implementation, during implementation and post implementation.

Brief Review of the System

In the proposed plant selling system, it gives a more convenient way of


accessing the transactions of buying and selling across the community, there is the
availability of improved access, an individual has an access option to make a personal
account in which registered to the system and can be used among different
transactions. The second access option was the admin who manipulates the reports of
occurring transactions between their buyer, updates data inputted and has the control
option to update their customer.

Agile Methodology

According to Wrike a project management guide, Agile is a process by which a


team can manage a project by breaking it up into several stages and involving constant
collaboration with stakeholders and continuous improvement and iteration at every
stage. The Agile methodology begins with clients describing how the end product will be
used and what problem it will solve. This clarifies the customer's expectations to the

20
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

project team. Once the work begins, teams cycle through a process of planning,
executing, and evaluating — which might just change the final deliverable to fit the
customer's needs better. Continuous collaboration is key, both among team members
and with project stakeholders, to make fully-informed decisions.

Context Diagram
According to MSc-IT Study Material, context diagram, sometimes called a level 0 or
level 1 data-flow diagram, is drawn in order to define and clarify the boundaries of the
software system. It identifies the flows of information between the system and external
entities. The entire software system is shown as a single process.

Context Diagram Level 0

21
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

Figure 2: iSell Plant Selling System Context Diagram Level 0

The Figure shows the the context diagram level zero of iSell Plant Selling System
with the simple illustration of interaction of the online customer , the system and the
admin.

Context Diagram Level 1

22
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

Figure 3: iSell Plant Selling System Context Diagram Level 1

Figure 3 shows the detailed interactions between customer, admin, inventory and the
iSell Plant selling system.

Unified Modeling Language Diagram

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a notation and as such its specification


does not contain any guidelines for software development process. Despite that UML is
independent of particular methods and approaches, most of the UML modeling driven
methods uses use case driven approach thus raising incomplete analysis of
the problem domain functioning. Since UML modeling driven approaches are elaborated
by different authors, their prescriptions differ. There is also difference in the use of use
case narratives across various methods due to the lack of guidance on narrative format
in the UML specification (Osis J, 2017).

23
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

Unified Modeling Language Diagram

24
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

Figure 4: iSell Plant Selling System Unified Modelling Language Activity Diagram

25
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

Data Flow Diagram

According to Lucidchart, data flow diagram (DFD) maps out the flow of information
for any process or system. It uses defined symbols like rectangles, circles and arrows,
plus short text labels, to show data inputs, outputs, storage points and the routes
between each destination. Data flowcharts can range from simple, even hand-drawn
process overviews, to in-depth, multi-level DFDs that dig progressively deeper into how
the data is handled.

Data Flow DiagramFigure 5: iSell Plant Selling System Data Flow Diagram

Entity Relationship Diagram

According to tutorialspoint, An entity relationship diagram (ERD) shows the


relationships of entity sets stored in a database. An entity in this context is an object, a

26
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

component of data. An entity set is a collection of similar entities. These entities can
have attributes that define its properties.

Entity Relationship Diagram

Figure 6: iSell Plant Selling System Entity Relationship Diagram

Other Required Charts or Diagrams:


Use-Case Diagram
Work-Breakdown Structure
Gantt Chart

27
CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc.
A member of CARD-MRI
Department of Information and Communications Technology
Bachelor of Science in Information System

Cost-Benefit Analysis

References

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